Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wychowanie muzyczne jako praktyka memetyczna

100%

Krajewska A.

|

2019

|

nr 4(43)

77–102

EN

Memes as cultural transmission units or imitation units were first described by the British biologist Richard Dawkins. Being the equivalent of genes, they are able to undergo replication processes, spread “from brain to brain” and evolve. These catchy, attractive and easy to remember structures are also found in music. Based on the assumption that memetics is not a popular science among musicians, both practitioners and teachers, the analysis undertaken in this text is an attempt to reflect memetic practice in the methods of the musical education developed by Zoltan Kodály, Carl Orff, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze and Edwin Gordon. It is also an offer for educators who are looking for new inspiration to work with children, either in music or general education.

2

Ewolucja religii w memetyce (Dawkins, Dennett). Teoria doboru kulturowego w wyjaśnianiu zjawisk powstania, rozwoju i ewolucji kultury

88%

Rusek D.

|

nr 1

158-173

EN

Since ‘The Selfish Gene’ by Richard Dawkins was published the notion of evolving culture has become a matter of a growing concern which appears to be especially intriguing from the perspective of biology (R. Dawkins), psychology (R. Brodie) as well as philosophy (D. Dennett). The essence of Darwin’s project is a natural selection within the sphere of a natural science. From this standpoint, a human is considered to be an effect of an evolutionary development. In the memetics approach, a human being is perceived in a different manner. An unit of gene, which task is to pass on the information in a process of a natural selection, has been replaced by a notion of a meme that is an entirely new replicator which, as opposed to a gene, may be applied to the various environments, not only a biological one. The crucial factor that determines the uniqueness of every man would be culture. From this point of view, the transfer of culture, which is developing in a specific procedure, is emphasized. What can be included in the evolutionary processes in the vast area of culture? What is the discrepancy between the Dawkins’s biological position and the grounded on a philosophy of mind the position of Dennett? The above mentioned attitudes result in various definitions of meme as well as the further implications that result from these definitions. Does the Theory of Cultural Selection fully explain a matter of the origin and evolution of languages, societies and religions?

3

Angielska Bovary. O „The Doctor’s Wife” Mary E. Braddon

88%

Budrewicz A.

|

nr 3

43-60

EN

This article is a comparative analysis of Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s The Doctor’s Wife and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. Braddon’s novel has been interpreted as an imitation of Flaubert’s. The basis of the analysis is a Polish translation of Braddon’s novel (Żona doktora, „Gazeta Warszawska” 1867). This translation was published earlier than the translation of Madame Bovary (1878). Braddon’s works were quite popular in Poland and they were translated into Polish as well. It is shown that Braddon’s novel was not a copy of Flaubert’s work. The similarities concern the plot (a married woman’s affair) and psychological characterisation of the eponymous character (a girl who is absorbed her books and lives in the world of fantasy). In the crucial scene of the novel, Braddon makes a different choice than Flaubert does: her protagonist, who is in love with a seducer, does not commit adultery. Braddon explained that this was due to Protestantism and platonic concept of love which does not need physical involvement. Braddon shows three stages of the protagonist’s history: 1) her youth filled with books; 2) her unhappy marriage (the wife does not love the husband but the seducer); 3) after her husband’s and lover’s deaths the protagonist receives a large amount of money and begins to perform important social roles. This is how Braddon criticises the educational system of Victorian England and depicts a model which is a form of pedagogy preparing people for practical life.

4

Accommodation of L2 Speech in a Repetition Task: Exploring Paralinguistic Imitation

88%

Burin L.

|

nr 4

377-406

EN

Phonetic convergence is the process by which a speaker adapts his/her speech to sound more similar to his/her interlocutor. While most studies analysing this process have been conducted amongst speakers sharing the same language or variety, this experiment focuses on imitation between non-native and native speakers in a repetition task. The data is a fragment from the ANGLISH corpus designed by Anne Tortel (Tortel, 2008). 40 French speakers (10 male intermediate, 10 male advanced, 10 female intermediate and 10 female advanced learners) were asked to repeat a set of 20 sentences produced by British native speakers. Segmental (vowel quality), suprasegmental (vowel duration) and voice quality were analysed. Level of proficiency, gender and model talker were taken as independent variables. Level appeared not to be a relevant parameter due to a high amount of inter-individual variability amongst groups. Somewhat contradictory results were observed for vowel duration and F1-F2 distance for male learners converged more than female learners. Our hypothesis that low vowels display a higher degree of imitation, and especially within the F1 dimension (Babel, 2012), was partially validated. Convergence in vowel duration in order to sound more native-like was also observed (Zając, 2013). Regarding the analysis of voice quality, and more particularly of creaky voice, observations suggest that some advanced female learners creaked more than the native speakers and more in the reading task, which indicate, both linguistic idiosyncrasy and accommodation towards the native speakers. Low vowels seem also to be more likely to be produced with a creaky voice, especially at the end of prosodic constituents.

5

The Child as an Observer: The Influence of Adults’ Nonverbal Messages on Children’s Social Attitudes

88%

Jurasińska A. , Bukowski M. , Białecka-Pikul M.

|

nr 4

357-367

EN

Previous research showed that children can exhibit preferences for social categories already at preschool age. One of the crucial factors in the development of children’s attitudes toward others is children’s observation and imitation of adults’ nonverbal messages. The aim of our study is to examine whether children’s tendency to perceive and follow nonverbally expressed attitudes toward other people is related to ingroup bias, i.e. the tendency to favor one’s own group over other groups. We examined 175 preschool children (age in months: 61–87; M = 72.6, SD = 6.53) presenting them with a video of a conversation between a message sender and a message recipient. The study was conducted in a minimal group paradigm. We found that children accurately identified the message sender’s attitude toward the recipient and also generalized this attitude to other members of the new group. We also found explicit ingroup bias among children from the message sender’s group. However, no generalization of the sender’s attitude to other ingroup members was found. The results are discussed in reference to previous findings on the role of imitation of adult’s non-verbal behavior for the development of social attitudes among children.

6

Teaching the pronunciation of sentence final and word boundary stops to French learners of English: distracted imitation versus audio-visual explanations

75%

Amand M. , Touhami Z.

|

nr 4

377-388

EN

Studies on stop unrelease in second language acquisition have hitherto focused on the productions of Slavic learners of English (Šimačkova & Podlipsky, 2015) and experiments on Polish learners of English; the latter show the tendency to release stops on a more regular basis depending on the type of stop combinations (Rojczyk et al. 2013). In the present study, we aim to test the efficiency of audio-visual explanations as opposed to distracted imitation in pronunciation teaching amongst French learners of English. While unreleased stops are rather frequent in French and English - especially in plosives clusters (Byrd, 1993; Davidson, 2010), unreleased plosives in final positions are less common in French (Van Dommelen, 1983). During phase 1 of the experiment, three groups of 12 native French learners of English (level A1/A2, B1/B2 and C1/C2) were asked to read idiomatic expressions containing both homogeneous and heterogeneous sequences of voiceless stops straddled between words, namely, in sequences like “that cat” [dat˺ kat˺], and stops at the end of sentences like “I told him to speak” [tə spiːk˺]. In the second phase of the experiment, one half in each group was given a different task. The first group heard recorded versions of phase 1 sentences and before reading them out loud, counted up to five in their L1. Stimuli for imitation contained no release in the contexts under scrutiny. The other half had to watch a video explaining the phenomenon of unreleased stops with a production of phase-two expressions propped up by hand gestures. They were then asked to re-read the sentences given in phase 1. Based on these results the current study makes recommendations about what working environment should be prioritized in pronunciation teaching both in class and online (Kroger et al. 2010), and suggests ways to assess students and visually keep track of their progress.

7

Imitation strategy as a key factor in mining company exports

75%

Podobiński A.

|

tom T. 19, z. 4

113-116

EN

Among the available marketing strategies in dealing with major competitors of a mining company on the given foreign market, the strategy of imitation may help to improve the company's exports. Its most common forms, the conditions for its successful employment and major advantages are discussed in the paper. The threats it involves are also given due consideration.

PL

Wśród wielu strategii marketingowych w stosunku do konkurentów na danym rynku zagranicznym przedsiębiorstwo przemysłu wydobywczego może - jako czynnik rozwoju eksportu wytwarzanych przez siebie surowców mineralnych - stosować strategię imitacji. Omówiono najczęściej stosowane formy tej strategii oraz warunki jej skutecznego stosowania, a także korzyści płynące z prowadzenia tej strategii matketingowej. Przedstawiono również zagrożenia, jakie powoduje jej stosowanie przez dane przedsiębiorstwo przemysłu wydobywczego.

8

Safawidzkie adaptacje chińskich talerzy typu kraak

75%

Macioszek A.

|

2015

|

nr 1

77-100

PL

Decorative motives known from the Chinese blue-and-white porcelain began to appear massively on Persian ceramics between the 14th and 17th century. Interestingly, the initial role of adaptations being a substitute for an expensive original became something more – a source of inspiration for making new vessels decorated not only in cobalt blue but also in colorful slips. The article is dedicated to an analysis of Persian adaptations of Chinese kraak porcelain made during the Safavid period (1501-1732). Due to the fact that the process of adaptation was very complex and there is no 1:1 copy of a kraak dish in Iran, author in her research has to focus on comparing individual motifs instead of the whole vessels. She introduces new categorization of the adapted designs and divides them into 4 groups depending on how close they resemble the Chinese origi nals: in group 1 called literal adaptations the motifs are most similar to the originals; in group 2 named edited adaptations are those that have an element added or taken away; in group 3, altered adaptations, the designs undergo changes in style but still bear the basic characteristics of the originals; in group 4, free adaptations, are those that only resemble the Chinese ones.

9

Pytanie o sens (w) edukacji. Grondinowska semantyka sensu i jej pedagogiczne egzemplifikacje a antyredukcjonizm hermeneutyki kształcenia

75%

Przanowska M.

|

2015

|

tom 60(2 (236))

30-55

PL

The article begins with a short presentation of an interesting semantics concerning the notion of sense from Jean Grondin’s book Du sens de la vie. Essai philosophique. The author singles out four aspects of sense: directional, semantic (the issue of lingual meaning and values), sensous/ sensory (connected with taste, sensus communis) and reflective (connected with the wisdom to judge rightly). Grondin suggests considering the issue of the sense of life not as something added, imposed to life (the constructivist perspective) but rather as something to be discovered, or read from within our experience. In the context the most important question about the sense of education has been posed. The main conclusions of the text are as follows. Contemporary education seems to be reduced to different forms: techno-instrumental, moralizing or ideological, aesthetic “French-polished” and bureaucratically statistical. However, hermeneutics can still provide a crucial inspiration for modern education. The hermeneutic rehabilitation of taste in its sense of (re)cognition, savoring (relishing) and understanding of things needs to be (re)discovered within education. It seems that the modern tendency to reduce human reality and human experience to a narrow area of specialisation, might be overcome by a hermeneutic invitation to see things in a wider, non-generalised, horizon. Reducing the sense of education to one of the aspects mentioned by Grondin means to make education something perhaps useful, effective, attractive because of the ‘ends and means’ technology, but at the same time senseless and lacking life, spirit, inspiration and taste. The sense of education is to be uncovered/ discovered and not merely imposed and then assimilated. However, education needs – paradoxically – a kind of repetition and imitation comparable to the experience full of listening to the sounds and words in the process of uttering something. It is not the same as the reproduction or duplication of content. That is why in education the interpreter’s fine inner ear is needed. It is needed not in order to replace the content with something elusive, but rather to regain – thanks to this sensual elusiveness – a sense of the content and its voice. The importance of the voice is that in listening out for it an encounter with something different from our own particularity is possible.

10

The Child as an Observer: The Influence of Adults’ Nonverbal Messages on Children’s Social Attitudes

75%

Jurasińska A. , Bukowski M. , Białecka-Pikul M.

|

nr 4

11

Potential for imitation as a dynamic capability of organisation

63%

Krzakiewicz K. , Cyfert S.

|

tom Vol. 22, no. 1

1--10

EN

Until recently, what was treated as unique resources in strategic management were financial, human and other resources, and their uniqueness was examined mostly in quantitative terms. However, globalisation of economic processes has meant that a degree to which resources are unique determine their quality, as a result of which they cannot be evaluated solely in quantitative terms. Such unique resources include competencies, dynamic capabilities and other intellectual resources within organisations, including their potential for innovation and imitation. The purpose of this article is to discuss the construct of potential for imitation considered in terms of the dynamic capability of organisation. The starting point in the study was to outline the essence of the dynamic capabilities of the organization, then the potential of imitation in the dynamic capacity system was embedded in order to finally refer to the link between innovation and imitation.

PL

Do niedawna w zarządzaniu strategicznym jako unikalne zasoby traktowano zasoby finansowe, ludzkie czy wiedzę. Unikalność traktowano przy tym przede wszystkim w kategoriach ilościowych. Jednakże globalizacja procesów gospodarowania spowodowała, że zakres unikalności determinuje jakość zasobów, przez co zasoby nie mogą być analizowane wyłącznie w kategoriach ilościowych. Do takich unikalnych zasobów można przede wszystkim zaliczyć kompetencje, dynamiczne zdolności i inne intelektualne zasoby organizacji, w tym innowacyjny i imitacyjny potencjał organizacji. W opracowaniu przeprowadzono dyskusję nad konstruktem potencjału imitacji rozpatrywanym w kategoriach dynamicznej zdolności organizacji. Punktem wyjścia w opracowaniu uczyniono zarysowanie istoty dynamicznych zdolności organizacji, w dalszej części osadzono potencjał imitacji w systemie dynamicznych zdolności, po to by w zakończeniu odnieść się do powiązania innowacji i imitacji.

12

The Logic of Imitative Processes: Imitation as Secondary Innovation – an Axiomatic Schumpeterian Analysis

63%

Ciałowicz B. , Malawski A.

Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia

|

2016

|

nr 15

43-56

EN

This paper offers an axiomatic analysis of the imitative activity of producers in a Schumpeterian process of innovative change. It argues that structural change in the economy is generated by leaders of radical innovation, whose actions trigger the diffusion of innovations, and whose strategies and innovations can be copied by imitators. As a consequence, these imitators become second-order innovators operating in a production system that is deprived of primary innovators. The paper demonstrates that increases in the number and variety of second-order innovators can intensify innovative changes throughout the production system. Furthermore, this logic can be reconstructed by reference to the research programme on modelling Schumpeterian innovative evolution within the Arrow-Debreu dynamic general equilibrium theory.

PL

W pracy zaproponowana została aksjomatyczna analiza działalności imitacyjnej producentów w schumpeterowskim procesie zmian innowacyjnych. Zgodnie z przedstawionym podejściem zmiany strukturalne w systemie ekonomicznym zostają zapoczątkowane przez działalność liderów w sferze produkcji, będących radykalnymi innowatorami, którzy inicjują proces dyfuzji innowacji, a ich strategie oraz wprowadzone innowacje mogą być powielane przez producentów będących imitatorami. W rezultacie imitatorzy ci stają się innowatorami „drugiego rzędu”, dyskredytując jednocześnie innowatorów „pierwotnych”. Zgodnie z tym głównym celem przedstawionej pracy jest wykazanie, że zwiększenie liczby imitatorów prowadzi do zintensyfikowania zmian innowacyjnych w całym systemie produkcji. Ponadto przedstawione ujęcie jest zgodne z programem badawczym dotyczącym modelowania schumpeterowskiej ewolucji innowacyjnej w aparacie pojęciowym ujętej dynamicznie teorii równowagi ogólnej Arrowa-Debreu.

13

Filip Buonaccorsi Kallimach „De legitimo amore”

63%

Głombiowska Z.

|

nr 1

103-127

EN

The article is an analysis of three works by Filip Kallimach (Filippo Buonaccorsi) regarding marriage (elegy XXII, Epithalamium Fanniae ac Musaei, carmen Ad se ipsum). In the collections of Roman elegies from the Augustian era, there are no wedding pieces. The source of Callimachus’ idea is found by the author of the article in Epithalamium in Stellam et Violentillam by P. Papinius Statius and, indirectly, through the epithalamium of Statius – in the unpreserved elegies of L. Arruntius Stella, a poet of Domitian times.

14

Elastyczne podejście do uczciwości wobec inwestora/// Czy istnieje elastyczny klinkier?

63%

Czubak S.

|

2018

|

tom nr 3-4

22--24

15

LOL! Can textual paralanguage be useful in marketing?

63%

Kulesza W. , Muniak P. , Doliński D. , Grzyb T. , Jemielniak D.

|

nr 3

10-21

PL

Tekstualny parajęzyk (TPL) jest powszechnie stosowany w praktyce marketingowej, lecz nie ma pewności czy jest skuteczny. Ponieważ mimikra jest dobrym wskaźnikiem skutecznej komunikacji, autorzy artykułu postawili sobie za cel zbadanie, czy TPL jest naturalnie naśladowany (w mowie lub piśmie: „hm”, „aaaa”, „lol”), a w konsekwencji czy jest skutecznym narzędziem w komunikacji marketingowej. Uczestnicy trzech opisanych w artykule badań brali udział w wywiadach, gdzie byli losowo przydzielani do jednego z dwóch warunków. W warunkach eksperymentalnych eksperymentator włączał do rozmowy elementy TPL. Warunki kontrolne były wolne od tych ekspozycji. W badaniach mierzono skłonność uczestników do naśladowania TPL. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono na jednej z poznańskich uczelni wyższych na przełomie 2017 i 2018 roku. Uzyskane wyniki są spójne we wszystkich trzech eksperymentach. Stwierdzono, że TPL nie był naśladowany, w związku z czym może nie być korzystny dla osoby stosującej ten element podczas komunikacji. Wnioski przedstawione w artykule zaprzeczają codziennej praktyce komunikacji marketingowej. W świetle raportowanych eksperymentów ludzie nie naśladują TPL, co może świadczyć o braku oczekiwanych korzyści.

EN

Textual Paralanguage (TPL) is widely used in marketing practice. However, there is no consensus on its effectiveness. Since mimicry is a good proxy for communication effectiveness, we set out to determine if TPL is in fact being mimicked (in spoken or written form: "hm," "aaaa," "lol" which are exemplars of the TPL), and consequently, whether TPL is an effective tool in marketing communication. In three studies, participants took part in interviews and were randomly assigned to two condition groups. In the experimental group, the experimenter incorporated elements of TPL in the conversation. The control group had no exposure to TPL. We used several measures of the tendency to mimic TPL. The experiments were run at a university in Poznań (Poland), at the turn of 2017 and 2018. We found that TPL, often used in marketing communication, was not mimicked at all, and thus may not be beneficial to the agent using it. The findings of this paper contradict the everyday practice of marketing communication. The results are consistent across all three experiments. In light of the reported experiments, people do not imitate TPL in communication, which may signify that the expected benefits are lacking.

16

Motives and examples of human love for God and the neighbour according to Saint Basil the Great

63%

Janczyk E.

|

nr 1

EN

This article addresses the issue of the motivation of the fundamental order of love for God and the neighbour which Saint Basil the Great used in his doctrine.Based on an analysis of the texts of Saint Basil, this article demonstrates the intimate relationship that should exist between the love for God and the love for man. The ideal of this relationship is represented, according to the analysis, by Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world.

17

Schematy mimetyczne realizowane w gestach

63%

Kraśnicka-Wilk I.

|

nr 32

211–232

PL

Celem artykułu jest omówienie koncepcji schematów mimetycznych (mimetic schema), zaproponowanych przez Jordana Zlateva, i jej zastosowanie w opisie semantyki gestów ikonicznych. Schematy mimetyczne cechuje większa szczegółowość, a więc i mniejszy stopień abstrakcji niż schematy wyobrażeniowe (image schema), dotychczas najczęściej stosowane w badaniach semantyki metafor i gestów. W artykule zostaną omówione właściwości schematów mimetycznych oraz ich porównanie ze schematami wyobrażeniowymi. W części analitycznej zostaną zaprezentowane wyniki badań mających na celu wydobycie tych schematów na podstawie obserwacji gestykulacji i wypowiedzi uczestników podczas trzech sesji zadaniowych.

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss the concept of mimetic schemas, proposed by Jordan Zlatev, and its application in the description of the semantics of iconic gestures. The mimetic schemas are characterized by greater details, and therefore a smaller degree of abstraction than the image schemas, which are most frequently used in the study of metaphors and gestures. The article will discuss the properties of mimetic schemes and their comparison with image schemas. The analytical part will present the results of research aimed at extracting these schemas based on the observation of gestures and statements of participants during three task sessions.

18

Innowacje przełomowe czy imitacje? Ryzyko procesu badawczo-rozwojowego a bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne kraju

63%

Nowakowski E. W.

|

nr 2(33)

227-246

EN

The key factors ensuring economic security of the country include the implementation of innovations. Their role is primarily to achieve a competitive advantage, which will improve terms of trade. It is essential to answer the question of whether the country similar in size to Poland, should gain a competitive advantage by striving for innovation breakthrough in the world or rather focus on adaptation solutions obtained in countries with much greater economic potential. Article puts the hypothesis that for economic security is necessary to create conditions for the interest of entrepreneurs taking research and development, but at the same time analysis of the data indicates that they are not willing to make investment on a scale that would suit the needs innovation breakthrough. The research and development process includes too great risk, so that you cannot expect changes in the investment readiness of enterprises, and thus through innovation breakthrough to improve the economic security of the country

PL

Do kluczowych czynników gwarantujących bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne kraju można zaliczyć wdrażanie innowacji. Ich zadaniem jest przede wszystkim uzyskanie przewagi konkurencyjnej, przez co poprawiać się będą warunki handlowe. Zasadniczą sprawą jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy kraj podobny wielkością do Polski powinien uzyskiwać tę przewagę konkurencyjną poprzez dążenie do powstawania innowacji przełomowych w świecie, czy też raczej koncentrować się na adaptacji rozwiązań uzyskanych w krajach o znacznie większym potencjale ekonomicznym. Artykuł stawia hipotezę mówiącą, że dla bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego konieczne jest tworzenie warunków do zainteresowania przedsiębiorców podejmowaniem badań i prac rozwojowych, ale jednocześnie analiza danych wskazuje, iż przedsiębiorcy nie wyrażają chęci dokonywania nakładów inwestycyjnych w skali, która by odpowiada- ła potrzebom innowacji przełomowych. Tak rozbudowany proces badawczo-rozwojowy zawiera zbyt dużą dozę ryzyka, by można było oczekiwać zmian w gotowości inwestycyjnej przedsiębiorstw, a przez to dzięki innowacjom przełomowym poprawić bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne kraju.

19

Presja srodowiska na zachowania konsumentow na rynku

51%

Odorzynska-Kondek J.

|

tom 10

|

nr 03

13-18

20

Użytkowa funkcja muzyki w gambijskiej szkole podstawowej

51%

Wójcik A.

|

nr 1(59)

53-65

EN

The process of teaching knowledge and skills is adjusted to utilitarian requirements in a given country and to its level of development. Also, it is compliant with customs, religion and culture of the country. This article is a collection of conclusions about music as an educational instrument used in the Chernobaba Memorial School in Manjai Kunda, the Gambia. These conclusions are the result of a one-day observation inside the school during a regular school day. The researcher used the method of naturalistic and ethnographical observation, which provided her with information about school teachers and students in everyday situations. The results of such analysis include remarks and subjective conclusions that may inspire teachers from other cultures to change the approach to music education in primary schools. Charnobaba Memorial School teachers model sound and movement behaviours, and the children’s natural way of learning is the imitation of spontaneous responses. In the classroom, the teachers are the dominant voice while performing tonal and rhythmic sequences, and the students imitate them.

PL

Proces przekazywania wiedzy i umiejętności jest dostosowany do potrzeb użytkowych w danym kraju, do jego poziomu rozwojowego, a także zamknięty w ramach tolerancji, czy też zwyczajów kulturowych oraz religijnych społeczności. Niniejszy artykuł jest zbiorem wniosków dotyczących obecności dziedziny sztuki - muzyki, jako instrumentu edukacyjnego w szkole podstawowej Chernobaba w Manjai Kunda w Gambii, sformułowanych na podstawie jednodniowej obserwacji. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą była obserwacja etnograficzna naturalistyczna, która dostarczyła danych o uczniach i nauczycielach w codziennych sytuacjach, a jej rezultatem są spostrzeżenia i subiektywne wnioski, które mogą być inspiracją dla czytelników do wprowadzenia zmian w podejściu do przedmiotu z zakresu sztuki w szkołach podstawowych. Nauczyciele szkoły Chernobaba modelują zachowania dźwiękowo-ruchowe, a naturalną drogą uczenia się jest imitacja spontanicznych reakcji. Nauczyciele są w klasie głosem dominującym podczas realizacji sekwencji tonalnych i rytmicznych, stanowią wzorzec do naśladowania.