Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of the possibility of using biochar from tomato green parts for energy purposes

Romankiewicz Bryan, Reguła Michał, Różański Rafał, Rodak Aleksander, Jajczyk Mateusz, Szarek Magdalena, Gaze Błażej, Knutel Bernard, Wojtko Paulina, Kawa Krzysztof

Rynek Energii

|

2023

|

Nr 2

75--82

EN

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibility of using the biochar from tomato haulm produced in the process of high-pressure pyrolysis for energy purposes. The research was carried out in laboratory conditions. For research purposes, four pressure and three temperature ranges have been adopted for research purposes. The experiments were carried out in 3 replications. In order to analyze the changes occurring in the material during the pyrolysis process, a physicochemical analysis was carried out consisting of technical analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter content, calorific value) and elemental composition analysis (C, H, N, S content). The low-temperature pyrolysis process caused an increase in the carbon content in the tested material from 39% to a maximum of 50%, which also translated into an increase in lower calorific value from 14.52 to 23.31 MJ‧kg-1. Furthermore, the increase of this parameter was also correlated with the decrease in the moisture content of the material. Due to the constantly growing prices of fuels and waste management, this analysis may be helpful for agri-food producers looking for savings and using residual matter in an alternative way.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy możliwości wykorzystania do celów energetycznych biowęgla z łętów pomidorowych, powstałego w procesie pirolizy wysokociśnieniowej. Badania przeprowadzono v warunkach laboratoryjnych. Do celów badawczych przyjęto cztery zakresy ciśnień i trzy zakresy temperatur. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono w 3 powtórzeniach. W celu przeanalizowania zmian zachodzących w materiale podczas procesu pirolizy przeprowadzono analizę fizykochemiczną składającą się z analizy technicznej (zawartość wilgoci, popiołu, części lotnej, wartość opałowa) oraz składu pierwiastkowego (zawartość C, H, N, S). Proces pirolizy niskotemperaturowej spowodował wzrost zawartości węgla w badanym materiale od 39% do maksymalnie 50%, co przełożyło się również na wzrost wartości opałowej z 14,52 do 23,31 MJ·kg·'. Ponadto wzrost tego parametru był również skorelowany ze spadkiem wilgotności materiału. Ze względu na stale rosnące ceny paliw i konieczność zagospodarowania odpadów analiza ta może być pomocna dla producentów rolnospożywczych poszukujących oszczędności i alternatywnego wykorzystania pozostałości.

2

Influence of Irrigation Levels on Morphological Attributes and Yield of Tomato under Current and Climate Change Conditions

Abdoun Roaya M., Darwish Omaima S., Hashem Fadl A., Shehata Said A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

1--15

EN

Water shortage consider on of the main threats facing the agriculture, mainly in the Mediterranean area. So that there is a great need to apply new methods to water resource management. The crop models are used to achieve this objective. Tomato is a significant vegetable crop globally and represent an important part of horticultural production with 180 million tons produced on over five million hectares even though few studies have validated the AquaCrop model, especially in Egypt. This study was conducted in a protected cultivation experimental farm, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt during the winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Different irrigation levels (IL): 55%, 70%, 85%, 100%, and 115% of evapotranspiration (Eto) were applied on tomato. Plant growth parameters, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), yield, fruit quality and plant nutrients (NPK) were recorded at both seasons. Also, the aforementioned irrigation levels were used to validate the AquaCrop model on different climate change scenarios on tomato productivity in 2050 and 2100. The findings revealed that the highest plant growth parameters were obtained in 85% and 100% Eto as compared to all treatments at both seasons. In contrast, the 55% of Eto obtained the lowest values of all plant growth parameters. The number of fruits/plant, early yield, and total yield of 100% Eto were ranked secondly. Fruits quality was significantly affected by the tested ILs. The highest values of TSS, firmness and vit C of tomato fruits were obtained by 55% followed by 70% Eto. The lowest proline content was recorded at 115% of Eto in both seasons. The content of proline in plants of 70% Eto ranked secondly after 55% of Eto in both seasons. The results of AquaCrop model (Version 7.0) revealed that the crop productivity decreased by 4% and 33% of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, of the years 2050, 14% and 44% for the same scenarios, respectively, of the year 2100.

3

Study of the Phytotoxicity of Olive Mill Wastewater on Germination and Vegetative Growth – Case of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

El Kafz Ghizlane, Cherkaoui Essediya, Benradi Fatima, Khamar Mohamed, Nounah Abderrahman, Soukayna Azzouzi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

265--274

EN

Olive mill wastewater (effluents from olive oil extraction during harvest) is a source of environmental pollution due to its high acidity and heavy loads of polyphenols and organics. Our aim is to study the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewater (OMW) at different concentrations on the germination and growth of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To assess this, we measured the percentage of germination (GP), the germination inhibition rate (GIR), the length of the main stem, the number of leaves, and the biomass of the stem, leaves, and roots. The germination test was carried out by placing 25 tomato seeds on filter paper in Petri dishes and then irrigating with different concentrations of OMW (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%). The boxes were placed in an incubator at a temperature of 25 °C for 10 days. The results obtained show that, after 10 days of germination, the GP is maximal (more than 98%) at concentrations of less than 7% (r = -0.98; p<0.000) and with an “inhibitory” effect at more than 7% (r = +0.98; p<0.000). However, the growth in length (8.514±2.612 cm) and the number of leaves (4.667±0.866 leaves) were maximum, respectively, at 2% and 1%, after a period of 30 days. However, the dry weight is maximum (0.235±0.049 g) at 5% OMW, however, there is no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of the stems and leaves for different concentrations. In light of these results, the OMW of crushing units using the continuous three-phase process could be used as an irrigation source at concentrations below 7%, for better tomato yield.

4

Evaluation of harvest waste in soilless agriculture tomato cultivation

Boyaci Sedat, Abaci Bayar Ahu Alev, Başak Hakan

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2022

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nr I/1

29--42

EN

In this study, it was carried out in order to determine the amount of plant nutrients that can be obtained from the wastes of tomato plants grown with soilless agriculture technique in the greenhouse and to make suggestions for evaluation possibilities. For this purpose, cocopeat and plant samples were taken from the soilless greenhouse where tomatoes were grown at the end of production. The stem, leaf, fruit and root of the collected cocopeat and plant samples were separated and N, P, K, analyzes were made in these separated samples. According to the results obtained, the amount of N that can be added to the soil with the cocopeat wastes is determined as 10.58 kg, the amount of P 0.09 kg and the amount of K 0.52 kg for one decare area. The total N amount that can be gained from the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of the waste tomato plant per decare area was determined as 6.65-11.97 kg, P content 1.22-2.52 kg and K amount between 5.10-18.21 kg. Considering the distribution of the amount of NPK that can be added to the soil according to the plant parts. On average, 4.18 kg in root, 2.50 kg in stem, 7.58 kg in leaf and 7.46 kg in fruit were found to be wasted due to not evaluating plant wastes. The organ with the highest N content among plant parts is the leaf, and 42.73% of the total N is found in the leaf. P and K are mostly found in fruits. In addition, 41.73% of P and 36.62% of K are excreted with fruit. It will be possible to improve the soils with insufficient organic matter content throughout Turkey by composting the wastes from greenhouses. In addition, it has been determined that these wastes are very important in terms of reducing the visual pollution caused by these wastes, harmful emissions that will arise as a result of burning and bringing them into the economy.

5

Application of Lactobacillus Casei O12 Strain for the Production of Probiotic Tomato Juice with Addition of Sea Bucthorn®

Sionek Barbara

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2021

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nr 2

48--55

EN

The aim of the work presented in the article was to evaluate the application of Lactobacillus casei O12 strain for the production of probiotic tomato juice with 3% addition of sea buckthorn. Fermentation was carried out with potentially probiotic Lactobacillus casei O12 strain isolated from fermented cucumbers. Fermentation carried out at 37ºC for 18 hours. The viable cell count of Lb. casei O12 at the end of the storage at 4oC and 15oC was 9.3 and 9.4 log CFU/mL respectively, and was similar to probiotic foods. It was found. that fermented tomato juice with 3% addition of sea buckthorn juice stored at 4oC for 16 days and 8 days at 15oC have a satisfying sensory quality.

PL

Celem pracy przedstawionej w artykule była ocena zastosowania szczepu Lactobacillus casei O12 do produkcji probiotycznego soku pomidorowego z dodatkiem 3% soku z owoców rokitnika. Fermentację przeprowadzono w temperaturze 37oC przez 18 godzin z zastosowaniem potencjalnie probiotycznego szczepu Lactobacillus casei O12 wyizolowanego z kiszonych ogórków. Liczba żywych komórek Lb. casei O12 pod koniec okresu przechowywania w 4oC i 15oC wynosiła odpowiednio: 9.3 and 9.4 log jtk/mL i była odpowiednia, jak dla żywności probiotycznej. Stwierdzono, że sok pomidorowy z dodatkiem 3% soku z owoców rokitnika przechowywany w temperaturze 4oC przez 16 dni i 8 dni w temperaturze 15oC ma zadowalającą jakość sensoryczną.

6

The stability of vitamin C in model salads prepared from tomatoes with fresh cucumber ®

Waszkiewicz-Robak Bożena, Kulik Klaudia, Biller Elżbieta

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2020

|

nr 1

58--62

EN

The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the stability of vitamin C in model prepared from tomatoes without the addition and with the addition of fresh green cucumber, containing the ascorbinase enzyme, which breaks down vit. C. The contents of vitamin C was determined by the Tillmans method in raw materials after pre-processing (washing and shredding) and in model salads stored at 10oC for 2, 4 and 24 hours. It was determined that pre-treatment of fresh tomatoes and cucumbers (washing and shredding) causes loss of vit. C in amounts of 20.7 and 37.4%, respectively, and mixing these raw materials in the 1:1 ratio additionally increases the loss of this vitamin by another 25–40%. Losses of vit. C after 2 hours of storing the tomato-cucumber salad was over 50%, compared to the 12.7% loss of this vitamin from a fragmented tomato without the addition of cucumber. After 24-hour storage of model salads, these losses increased to over 80% (with cucumber) or below 65% (without fresh cucumber). Greater losses of vit. C from salad with the share of fresh cucumber resulted from the enzymatic impact of ascorbinase present in it.

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja uzyskanych wyników badań dotyczących stabilności wit. C w modelowych sałatkach sporządzonych z pomidorów bez dodatku oraz z dodatkiem świeżego ogórka zielonego, zawierającego enzym askorbinazę, który rozkłada wit. C. Zawartość wit. C oznaczano metodą Tillmansa w surowcach po obróbce wstępnej (myciu i rozdrabnianiu) oraz w modelowych sałatkach przechowywanych w temp. 10oC, w czasie 2, 4 i 24 godz. Stwierdzono, że obróbka wstępna świeżych pomidorów i ogórków (mycie i rozdrabnianie) powoduje straty wit. C w ilości odpowiednio 20,7 i 37,4%, a wymieszanie tych surowców w stosunku 1:1 dodatkowo zwiększa straty tej witaminy o kolejne 25–40%. Straty wit, C po 2 godz. przechowywania sałatki pomidorowo-ogórkowej wynosiły ponad 50% wobec 12,7% strat tej witaminy z rozdrobnionego pomidora bez dodatku ogórka. Po 24-godzinnym przechowywaniu modelowych sałatek straty te wzrosły do ponad 80% (z udziałem ogórka) lub poniżej 65% (bez udziału ogórka świeżego). Większe straty wit. C z sałatki z udziałem świeżego ogórka wynikały z enzymatycznego oddziaływania obecnej w nim askorbinazy.

7

Statistical yielding models of some irrigated vegetable crops in dependence on water use and heat supply

Vozhehova Raisa, Kokovikhin Sergii, Lykhovyd Pavlo V., Balashova Halyna, Lavrynenko Yuriy, Biliaieva Iryna, Markovska Olena

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

|

no. 45

190--197

EN

Statistical analysis is helpful for better understanding of the processes which take place in agricultural ecosystems. Particular attention should be paid to the processes of crops’ productivity formation under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The goal of our study was to provide new theoretical knowledge about the dependence of vegetable crops’ productivity on water supply and heat income. The study was conducted in the irrigated conditions of the semi-arid cold Steppe zone on the fields of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS, Kherson, Ukraine. We studied the historical data of productivity of three most common in the region vegetable crops: potato, tomato, onion. The crops were cultivated by using the generally accepted in the region agrotechnology. Historical yielding and meteorological data of the period 1990–2016 were used to develop the models of the vegetable crops’ productivity. We used two approaches: development of pair linear models in three categories (“yield – water use”, “yield – sum of the effective air temperatures above 10°C”); development of complex linear regression models taking into account such factors as total water use, and temperature regime during the crops’ vegetation. Pair linear models of the crops’ productivity showed that the highest effect on the yields of potato and onion has the water use index (R2 of 0.9350 and 0.9689, respectively), and on the yield of tomato – temperature regime (R2 of 0.9573). The results of pair analysis were proved by the multiple regression analysis that revealed the same tendencies in the crop yield formation depending on the studied factors.

8

Ocena nawadniania kroplowego w uprawie pomidora szklarniowego w warunkach produkcyjnych

Liberacki D., Stachowski P., Kozaczyk P.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr I/1

21--31

PL

Celem pracy była ocena nawodnienia kroplowego w uprawie pomidora, prowadzonego w szklarniach jako najbardziej ekonomicznego i powszechnie stosowanego systemu nawodnień. Obiektem badań było gospodarstwo ogrodnicze o powierzchni 2 ha, położone 20 km od Kalisza w miejscowości Szczytniki. W gospodarstwie zastosowano nawadnianie kroplowe uprawy pomidora w ilości 50000 roślin. Wybrany sposób nawadniania spowodował skrócenie czasu pracy, zmniejszenie nakładów na jednostkę produkcji oraz wzrost wydajności pracy. Uprawa pomidora odbywała się na wełnie mineralnej, dlatego niezbędne stało się systematyczne nawadnianie powiązane z dozowaniem roztworów, w których zawartość składników pokarmowych wymaga dostosowania do określonej fazy wzrostu rośliny z uwzględnieniem indywidualnych wymagań odmiany.

EN

Aim of this study was to evaluate the drip irrigation based on tomato crops in greenhouses carried out as the most economical and widely used irrigation system. The object of the study was a horticultural farm with an area of 2 hectares, which is located 20 km from Kalisz town, close to Szczytniki village, near the Kalisz - Łódź route. A drip irrigation system intended to irrigate 50,000 plants is used in the farm. This system is the best tomato irrigation system currently available on the market. It reduces the operating time resulting in reduction of expenditures per unit of output and labour productivity growth. On the farm tomato cultivation is carried out on mineral wool, which makes necessity of systematically irrigation associated with dispensing solutions, where the nutrient content needs to be adapted to a particular stage of the crop, considering individual needs variety.

9

Analysis of the atmospheric precipitation deficiencies in the selected ground vegetables cultivation in the region of Bydgoszcz

Durau-Banaszewska B.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

|

nr II/1

495--507

EN

Vegetables are considered to be plants with high water requirements. A greater susceptibility to water deficit occurs in the periods of intensive growth and yield formation. At that time even a slight reduction in water supply can deteriorate yielding, thus those periods are referred to as critical periods in terms of water supply. The aim of this paper has been to analyse the pattern of precipitation deficits for the ground cultivation of cucumber, tomato, beans and peas in the Bydgoszcz region in the thirty-year period 1981-2010. The basic of analysis were results of standard meteorological measurements from the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology ‚Mochełek’, University of Technology and Life Sciences. Values of optimal precipitation for medium soils were calculated according to Klatt. Atmospheric precipitation deficits in subsequent month of selected vegetables cultivation were calculated by diminish between the real and optimal precipitation. The trends of deficiency of precipitation in the examined period were estimated too. Very frequent occurrence of the atmospheric precipitation deficits during the entire cultivation period of selected vegetables, and especially in critical periods was demonstrated. Slight decreasing tendency of precipitation deficits in a vegetation periods was indicated, however in a critical periods in terms of water supply, the trend line remains at a practically constant level. The results obtained indicate the necessity of the irrigation in the cultivation of peas, beans, cucumbers and tomatoes.

10

Different quality characteristics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a fortifying ingredient in food products: a review

Ray S., Saha R., Raychaudhuri U., Chakraborty R.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2016

|

nr 19(3)

199--213

EN

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an economically important vegetable crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. The objective of this paper is to review nutritional benefits of tomato, its different bioactive components and their application in food products. Tomato and tomato products are very beneficial to our health as they decrease the risk of many diseases, such as cancer, asthma, heart disease etc. The whole fruit of tomato i.e pomace, seed and tomato solids have many nutraceutical benefits and is extensively used in food processing industry either as raw or in powder form. Many bioactive components are present in tomato, such as lycopene, oleoresin, carotenoids etc. Tomato is very popular for high content of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity. It is preserved mainly by drying (tray drying, freeze drying) and encapsulation process. We have tried to focus on to get the answer, which one is better in food application, lycopene supplementation or direct tomato powder fortification in food products.

11

Effect of biodegradable mulching on soil quality in stenotermal vegetable crop production

Domagała-Świątkiewicz I., Siwek P.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2015

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Vol. 9, No. 2

425--439

EN

Mulching with plastic materials that cover the soil creates a physical barrier to soil water evaporation, preserves good soil structure, controls weeds and protects plants from soil contamination. The removal and disposal of non-recyclable and non-degradable plastic wastes after harvest is difficult and expensive. Using alternative biodegradable polymers as covers has been of increasing concern in recent years. This paper provides a presentation of results concerning the physical and chemical properties of soil under biodegradable nonwoven covers. Biodegradable PLA (polylactide) and Bionolle (an aliphatic polyester of butylene glycol and succinic and adipic acid) films covering the soil on tomato and cucumber fields were evaluated to estimate the changes in several physical soil properties including bulk density, water field capacity, wet soil aggregate stability and chemical soil properties including soil acidity, EC, organic matter and soil mineral status. Favourable changes in the physical structure of soil can be achieved by mulching the soil surface of biodegradable polymers. The obtained results show that using covers with PLA and Bionolle biofilm significantly increased the amount of large aggregates and decreased the percentage of the smallest size aggregates in soils; however, the observed effects were strongly affected by weather conditions. Under wet conditions, mulching increased the soil bulk density and decreased soil water capacity. The results of soil chemical analyses demonstrated the low impact of treatments on macro- and microelement concentration measured after tomato and cucumber harvesting. Soils under PLA and Bionolle covers had smaller low ion concentrations in relation to bare soils.

PL

Mulcze z tworzyw sztucznych tworzą fizyczną barierę dla parowania wody, pozwalają zachować dobrą strukturę gleby, kontrować zachwaszczenie oraz chronią rośliny przed zanieczyszczeniami glebowymi. Usuwanie i unieszkodliwianie po zbiorach odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych nienadających się do recyklingu i niepodlegających degradacji jest trudne i kosztowne. W ostatnich latach stosowanie alternatywnych włóknin biodegradowalnych jako mulczy lub okryć w uprawie roślin cieszy się coraz większym zainteresowaniem. Praca jest prezentacją wyników dotyczących właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych gleb mulczowanych biodegradowalnymi włókninami. W badaniach oceniano zmiany niektórych fizycznych właściwości gleby, takich jak: gęstość objętościowa, pojemność wodna i wodoodporność agregatów glebowych po uprawie pomidora i ogórka. Do ściółkowania gleby wykorzystano włókninę PLA (polilaktyd) i Bionolle (poliester butylenu, alifatycznego glikolu, kwasu bursztynowego i adypinowego). Chemiczne właściwości gleby oceniano, oznaczając w nich odczyn, stężenie soli, zawartość węgla organicznego, dostępne dla roślin składniki pokarmowe oraz zawartość metali ciężkich. Okrywanie powierzchni gleby włókninami z polimerów biodegradowalnych wpłynęło korzystnie na strukturę gleby. Biowłókniny PLA i Bionolle zwiększały ilość makroagregatów wodoodpornych, a zmniejszały odsetek najmniejszych agregatów w glebie, jednak obserwowane zmiany były silnie modyfikowane poprzez warunki atmosferyczne w poszczególnych latach prowadzenia badań. W bardzo mokrym roku okrywanie gleby zwiększało jej gęstość objętościową oraz zmniejszało pojemność wodną. Mulczowanie gleby z użyciem biodegradowalnych włóknin nie wpływało znacząco na zawartość składników pokarmowych i metali ciężkich w glebie. Obserwowano nieznaczny spadek EC w glebach pod ściółkami w porównaniu do gleby nieokrywanej.

12

E-beam irradiation for the control of Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae in stonewool cubes

Ptaszek M., Orlikowski L. B., Migdał W., Gryczka U.

Nukleonika

|

2015

|

Vol. 60, No. 3, part 2

679--682

EN

Effectiveness of electron beam irradiation was evaluated against Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae, the causal agent of stem base and root rot of tomato. In laboratory trials, irradiation of 7-day-old Phytophthora cultures growing on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium with 1 kGy resulted in the disintegration of the pathogen’s hyphae. Increasing the irradiation dose to 3 kGy caused decay of the hyphae. Irradiation of infested stonewool with 5 kGy caused decrease of the pathogen population about 5 times. Application of 20 kGy completely eliminated the pathogen from stonewool. Irradiation of substratum resulted in significant increase of tomato seedlings healthiness, especially when the dose 20 kGy was applied.

13

Aminopeptydazy pozyskane z roślin o dużym znaczeniu ekonomicznym – rola i charakterystyka

Kania J., Gillner D.

Chemik

|

2015

|

Vol. 69, nr 8

463--468

PL

Aminopeptydazy należą do enzymów z grupy hydrolaz, odpowiedzialnych za odszczepienie N-końcowych reszt aminokwasowych z łańcucha peptydowego. Enzymy te występują powszechnie w wielu organizmach żywych i pełnią ważne role w licznych procesach fizjologicznych (przemianie białek, kiełkowaniu, procesach obronnych czy mejozie). Roślinne aminopeptydazy znajdują zastosowanie przy produkcji hydrolizatów białkowych, mogą także stanowić cel molekularny herbicydów. Niniejsza publikacja jest przeglądem literatury dotyczącej charakterystyki i roli fizjologicznej aminopeptydaz występujących w kilku wybranych gatunkach roślin. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono roślinom o dużym znaczeniu ekonomicznym, takim jak zboża, rodzina roślin psiankowatych czy wybrane warzywa, w których ekspresja niektórych aminopeptydaz jest indukowana przez czynniki szkodliwe.

EN

Aminopeptidases are members of hydrolases, the group of enzymes that cleave N-terminal residues from peptide chain. These enzymes are widely distributed in many living organisms, and they play crucial role in several physiological processes (protein turnover, germination, defense processes and meiosis). Plant aminopeptidases are used in production of protein hydrolysates and may also serve as molecular target for herbicides. This publication is a review of the literature concerning the characteristics and physiological role of aminopeptidases found in selected plant species. Special attention has been given to the plants of great economic value such as cereals, nightshades family and selected vegetables in which expression of some aminopeptidases is induced by various harmful factors.

14

The effect of different types of straw mulches on weed-control in vegetables cultivation

Kosterna E

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 15, nr 4

109--117

EN

The experiment was carried out in 2010–2012. The effect of different kinds of straw and its dose applied to soil mulching on the amount and fresh mass of weeds and yield level of broccoli and tomato was investigated. The type of straw mulch applied to the soil mulching influenced number and fresh mass of weeds. This effect could be the result of the properties of the mulch (colour, structure, etc.) or the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of individual weed species. The most efficient for limiting infestation was mulch from buckwheat and rye straw. Soil mulching, regardless of its kind, causes a decrease in the number and mass of weeds at the beginning of growing period of vegetables. The application of straw at a dose of 20 t∙ha-1 had higher weed-suppressing effect than at a dose of 10 t∙ha-1. When assessing the infestation before harvest the influence of straw mulch was lower but still significant. The application in higher dose of rye and buckwheat straw in broccoli, corn and rape in tomato culti-vation reduced a number of weeds compared to dose of 10 t∙ha-1. The better yielding effect in both vegetable species had soil mulching with straw at a dose of 10 t∙ha-1.

15

Ocena stanu zaopatrzenia w niektóre makro- i mikro-elementy pomidora uprawianego na Lubelszczyźnie

Tkaczyk P., Bednarek W., Dresler S

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2014

|

Nr 38

35--41

PL

W latach 2009–2011, na Lubelszczyźnie, przeprowadzono badania środowiskowe, których celem była ocena zaopatrzenia w makro- i mikroelementy roślin pomidora. Ocenę tę przeprowadzono po wykonaniu analiz chemicznych liści tych roślin. Liście pobierano z plantacji prowadzonych w siedmiu miejscowościach. Próbki liści pobierano w czasie zbioru owoców. Analizy chemiczne zostały wykonane w akredytowanym laboratorium Okręgowej Stacji Chemiczno-Rolniczej w Lublinie. W analizowanym materiale oznaczono: suchą masę, ogólne zawartości azotu wg metody Kjeldahla, fosforu metodą wanado-molibdenową, potasu i wapnia metodą fotometrii płomieniowej, magnezu, miedzi, cynku, manganu i żelaza metodą ASA, a boru metodą kurkuminową. W liściach roślin obliczono średnią zawartość i odchylenie standardowe makro- (N, P, K, Ca i Mg) i mikroelementów (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B) oraz określono współzależności występujące pomiędzy tymi pierwiastkami. Zaopatrzenie pomidora uprawianego na plantacjach Lubelszczyzny w makroelementy w większości przypadków wykazywało przekroczenie zakresu optymalnego. Jedynie zawartość azotu w liściach mieściła się w zakresie optymalnym, a fosforu, potasu, wapnia i magnezu przekraczała ten zakres. Zaopatrzenie pomidorów uprawianych na Lubelszczyźnie w mikroelementy w większości przypadków przekraczało zakres optymalny, a w jednym – niedoborowy. Zakres optymalny przekraczała zawartość w liściach: miedzi, cynku, manganu i żelaza; niedoborowy – boru. Stwierdzono, że spośród oznaczanych makro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) i mikroelementów (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe i B) jedynie w nielicznych przypadkach (3) wystąpiły istotne, dodatnie zależności pomiędzy oznaczanymi pierwiastkami. Należy jednak zauważyć, że tylko w jednym przypadku współczynnik determinacji przekroczył 50% (77,1%).

EN

In the years 2009–2011, in the Lublin Region, an environmental study was conducted with the objective of estimation of the supply of tomato plants with macro- and microelements. The estimation was conducted after performing chemical analyses of leaves of those plants. The leaves were collected from plantations situated in seven localities. Samples of leaves were collected during the harvest of the fruits. The chemical analyses were performed at the accredited laboratory of the Regional Chemical-Agricultural Station in Lublin. Assays performed on the material analysed included the following: dry mater, content of total nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl method, content of phosphorus – with the vanadium-molybdenum method, potassium and calcium – with the method of flame photometry, magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron with the ASA method, and boron – with the curcumin method. The mean contents and standard deviation of the content of macro- (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and microelements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B) in tomato leaves were calculated, and correlations occurring among those elements were determined. In most cases the level of supply in macroelements of tomatoes grown in plantations in the Lublin Region indicated exceeding of the optimum range. Only the content of nitrogen in the leaves was within the optimum range, while the levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium exceeded that range. The supply of tomatoes grown in the Lublin Region with microelements in most cases exceeded the optimum range, and in one case it was at the deficit level. The optimum range was exceeded for the leaf content of copper, zinc, manganese and iron; the deficit content was related to boron. It was found that among the assayed macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and B) only in a few cases (3) there appeared significant positive correlations between the elements assayed. It should be noted, however, that only in a single case the coefficient of determination was higher than 50% (77.1%).

16

Influence of platinum ions on the germination and seedling root growth of different plant species

Kołton A., Czaja M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 4

343--348

EN

For several decades an increase of platinum in the environment was recorded. This is connected with the release of platinum from automobile catalytic converters and pharmaceutical industries. In the conducted experiments the effect of various forms and concentrations of platinum on the germination and roots growth of different plants (oat, garden cress and tomato) was investigated. Two separate experiments were performed with lower (experiment 1st: 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) and higher (experiment 2nd: 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 or PtCl4 dosages. There was no significant effect of dose and form of platinum on the germination of seeds (experiment 1st and 2nd). The effect of platinum containing substances dose on root growth of young seedlings was observed during experiment, dependent on the species of tested plants. The root length of oat plants was similar in all treatments in experiment 1st. The shortest tomato roots were observed in the case of a 10 mg/L of PtCl4, it was statistically shorter than the control plants (treated with water) as well. The roots of the tomato treated with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 were the same length as observed for the control sample. The garden cress root growth was not affected by [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2, but a solution containing Pt4+ stimulated the root growth. The roots of tomato and oat treated with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 had similar length as the control plants in contrast to the far shorter roots treated with PtCl4 (experiment 2nd). Moreover, the treatment with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 stimulated the growth of garden cress roots compared to the control, while only the lowest dose of PtCl4 stimulated the root growth.

17

Zależność między odczytem SPAD a zawartością składników pokarmowych w liściach pomidora przy zróżnicowanym poziomie żywienia manganem

Kleiber T., Markiewicz B., Bosiacki M.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2012

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T. 17, nr 3

65-70

PL

Mangan jest podstawowym mikroelementem - zarówno jego niedobór, jak i nadmierne pobranie są niekorzystne dla roślin: niedobór zaburza proces fotosyntezy, a nadmiar może uszkadzać aparat fotosyntetyczny. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena zależności pomiędzy wartościami SPAD (aparat SPAD 502; Konica Minolta), a zawartością składników pokarmowych w liściach pomidora uprawianego w wełnie mineralnej, przy zróżnicowanym poziomie żywienia manganem (w mg Mn-dm-3): 0; 0,3; 0,6; 1,2. Stwierdzono istotne zróżnicowanie wartości SPAD w zależności od poziomu żywienia manganem: w zakresie Mn 0,3-0,6 stwierdzono istotne obniżenie SPAD w stosunku do kombinacji kontrolnej. Największą wartość SPAD zaobserwowano przy Mn 1,2. Wykazano istotny wzrost SPAD (poza Mn 0,3) w miarę rozwoju roślin. Analiza statystyczna wykazała pozytywne skorelowanie pomiędzy odczytem SPAD a zawartością w liściach pomidora: wapnia: dla Mn 0 i Mn 0,6 - korelacja bardzo wysoka; Mn 1,2-korelacja wysoka; magnezu-korelacja wysoka dla Mn 0,6; manganu: Mn 0-korelacja wysoka; Mn 0,3-1,2 - korelacja bardzo wysoka; żelaza - bardzo wysoka dla Mn 0,3 i Mn 1,2; sodu - wysoka dla Mn 0 i Mn 0,6.

EN

Manganese is an essential micronutrient - both deficiency like excess uptake of Mn are unfavourable for plants: deficiency disorders photosynthesis process when excess can damage the photosynthetic apparatus. The aim of conducted studies was estimation of relationships between SPAD values (apparatus SPAD 502; Konica Minolta) and content of nutrients in leaves of tomato growing in rockwool with differentiated levels of manganese nutrition (in mg Mn-dm-3): 0; 0.3; 0.6; 1.2. It was found significantly differentiation of SPAD values depended on the manganese nutrition level: in range Mn 0.3-0.6 - there was found significantly decreasing in relation to control combination. The highest SPAD values were found in case of Mn 1.2. It was found significantly increasing of SPAD values (except Mn 0.3) according with vegetation period. Statistical analyses showed positive correlation between SPAD reading and content in tomato leaves: calcium: for Mn 0 and Mn 0.6 - very high correlation; Mn 1.2 - high correlation; magnesium - high correlation for Mn 0.6; manganese - for Mn 0 - high correlation; Mn 0.3-1.2 - very high correlation; iron - very high for Mn 0.3 and Mn 1.2; sodium - high correlation for Mn 0 and Mn 0.6.

18

Sprawność kalibracji nasion pomidorów za pomocą przesiewacza bębnowego

Poćwiardowski W., Domoradzki M., Korpal W., Żywociński K.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2011

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R. 15, nr 1

197-204

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań sprawności kalibracji nasion w przesiewaczu bębnowym o średnicy 0,4 m. Badano przesiewanie nasion pomidorów na sicie o średnicy otworów 2,5 i 3,0 mm. Częstości obrotowe bębna przesiewacza wynosiły 0,22; 0,27; 0,33; 0,38 s-1, a kąt pochylenia bębna sitowego 8o. Maksymalną sprawność przesiewania, nie mniejszą niż 97%, uzyskano dla częstość obrotów bębna poniżej 0,27 s-1 i dla strumienia masowego dozowania ok. 9 kg*h-1.

EN

The paper presents the results of the research on the efficiency of seeds calibration in a drum screen with diameter 0.4 m. The researchers examined sieving of tomato seeds through a screen with mesh diameters 2.5 and 3.0 mm. Rotational frequencies of the screen drum were: 0.22; 0.27; 0.33; 0.38 s-1, and the sieve drum inclination angle was 8o. Maximum screening efficiency, not lower than 97%, was obtained for drum rotation frequency under 0.27 s-1 and for batching mass stream ca. 9 kg*h-1.

19

Ocena plonowania kilku odmian pomidora w uprawie ekologicznej

Szafirowska A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 55, nr 4

131-134

PL

W latach 2005-2006 w Instytucie Warzywnictwa w Skierniewicach prowadzono badania porównawcze plonowania pomidora uprawianego metodą ekologiczną i konwencjonalną. Oceniano polskie odmiany nowej generacji, samokończące, z przeznaczeniem dla przemysłu. Badano następujące odmiany: Awizo F1, Batory F1, Etna F1, Rumba, Sokal F1, Wiola F1. Czynnikiem najsilniej wpływającym na wysokość i strukturę plonu było występowanie zarazy ziemniaka. W warunkach łagodnego przebiegu choroby (2005 rok) plon pomidora z uprawy ekologicznej był o około 9% niższy niż z konwencjonalnej. Wyróżniającą odmianą pod względem wysokości i struktury plonu w obu metodach uprawy była Batory F1. W warunkach dużego nasilenia choroby (2006 rok) w uprawie ekologicznej uzyskano o 26,5% niższy plon ogólny, a ilość porażonych owoców była 2,5-krotnie większa niż w uprawie konwencjonalnej. W obu latach badań niezależnie od warunków i metody uprawy najmniej owoców z objawami zarazy ziemniaka stwierdzono u odmiany Awizo F1.

EN

During 2005-2006 at Research Institute of Vegetable Crops in Skierniewice the studies were carried out to compare the yields of organic and conventional tomatoes. Polish cultivars of new generation, determinant, bred for processing were examined as follows: Awizo F1, Batory F1, Etna F1, Rumba, Sokal F1 Wiola F1. The late blight of tomato was the most important factor strongly affecting the height and structure of yield. In the year of light disease occurrence (2005) organic tomatoes yielded only 9% lower than conventional. Batory F1 was distinguishing cultivar among others with the highest yield and the best share in both growing systems. In conditions favorable for the disease development (2006) organic tomatoes yielded 26,5% lower and the number of diseased fruits was 2,5 times bigger as compared with conventional ones. In both years irrespective of weather conditions and growing method the lowest number of diseased fruits was stated in case of cv. Awizo F1.

20

Effect of gamma irradiation on plants in interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizae

Ene M., Trandafir L., Alexandru M.

Nukleonika

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2009

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Vol. 54, No. 2

89-92

EN

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are endogenous fungi that form symbiotic association with the vast majority of vascular plants. They help to increase the nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus and to exploit a larger area of soil. Also, they improve soil aggregation, contribute to nutrient cycling processes in plants and improve their tolerance of heavy metal contamination or drought, as well as their susceptibility to root pathogens or herbivores. These fungi colonize the root epidermis and outer cortical layers and release bioactive molecules. The transcriptome and the proteome of plants are substantially altered. They have evolved multiple mechanisms that result in improvements in plant resistance to disease and plant growth and productivity, being included in a lot of combination of biofertilizers. In order to study these mechanisms, gamma irradiation was used to create mutants that are defective in their association. Culture under in vitro conditions is presented as method for maintaining the useful mutants in pure line.