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PL
W pracy dokonano oceny zagrożenia zdrowia oraz oszacowano ryzyko wynikające z obecności azotanów (V) w wodzie do picia spożywanej przez ludność województwa podlaskiego.
EN
The aim of this article was to evaluate of a health danger and to estimate the risk due to the presence of nitrates (V) in drinking water used by people in Podlaskie Voivodship. For research I used water specimens taken in 14 poviats (smaller administration districts) in Podlaskie Voivodship as part of drinking water quality monitoring in the years 2001-2003. Evaluation of danger of nitrates (V) taken in with drinking water by the population of Podlaskie Voivodship was carried out by comparing ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) with value of EDI (Evaluated Daily Intake) and TMDI (Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake) Risk was estimated by calculating safety margin between ADI and EDI. On the basis of the obtained results it was stated that on the territory of Podlaskie Voivodship 1.79% of urban population and 4.86% of rural population, was taking in nitrates (V) with water supplied by waterworks in doses below the safety margin. Nitrates (V) from drinking water in doses below the safety margin were taken in by population of 10 poviats, with the highest percentage of the population noted in the poviats of: Grajewo (10.97%), Augustów (10.77%) and Sejny (10.43%). Among the urban population the highest percentage noted in the Poviat of Augustów (9.46%), and among the rural population - in the Poviat of Grajewo (22.46%). The highest percentage of the population (69.97%) in Podlaskie Voivodship consumed nitrates (V) with drinking water supplied by waterworks in the range of the safety margin from 1 to 10, including 78.86% of urban population and 53.3% of rural population. It seems useful to continue the environmental research on the exposure of Podlaskie Voivodship inhabitants to nitrates by correlating the risk expressed by the safety margin with cancer epidemiology.
EN
Lead and cadmium pose a serious threat to human health, hence their content in food products is regulated by the EU standards, also binding in Poland. Food contamination with these metals is an etiological factor of civilization diseases. In order to prevent such disorders, it is extremely important to assess the degree of environmental pollution with Pb and Cd, reflected by the level of these metals in food products. Determination of Pb and Cd in food products demonstrates exposure to the toxic effect of these metals and enables evaluation of the threat to human health in a given population. The aim of this study has been to estimate the health threat to the population of the Province of Podlasie ( województwo podlaskie ) due to Pb and Cd contamination of cereal products. The following foodstuffs were analyzed: flour, groats, bread, pasta, rice, bran and soya products. They were collected in 13 administrative districts of the Province of Podlasie while monitoring health quality of food products. Pb and Cd concentrations were determined with the AAS method. The highest Cd level was noted in pastas (0.058±0.0330 mg kg ?1 ) and the highest Pb level was determined in cuscus (0.120±0.0899 mg kg ?1 ). The lowest average Pb concentration was found in groats (0.042±0.0306 mg kg ?1 ) and Cd was the lowest in wholemeal bread (0.016±0.0106 mg kg ?1 ). The average concentrations of Pb and Cd in cereal products did not exceed the permissible limits established by the Minister of Health. The permissible level of Pb was not surpassed until the level of the 90 th percentyl (in couscous and soya products). An average intake of Pb and Cd was within the tolerated amount, corresponding to 10% PTWI and 12% PTWI, respectively. Thus, no threat to the health of the population in Podlasie was detected.
EN
Heavy metals, which are considered basic industrial and environmental pollutants, pose a threat to the human health if found in food products even in trace amounts. Lead may cause such conditions as functional disorders of the kidneys, liver or the circulatory system. It can also impede the biosynthesis of heme and cause disturbances in the metabo- lism of vitamin D and the following microelements: Fe, Cu, Zn Se and Ca. The aim of the study was to assess the health threat and estimate risks from the presence of Pb in cereal products available in retail shops in the Province of Podlasie. The material consisted of samples of cereal products (flour, groats, bakery products, pasta and rice) taken at random from retail shops in Podlasie in 2004-2005 and 2010-2011. The lead concentration was estimated by using the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). The content of Pb was analyzed depending on a product type and sampling period; the health threat was assessed with reference to the current Polish requirements. The results were statistically analyzed using Statistica 7.1 software, Duncan?s test and Wilcoxon test. The results revealed that the average content of Pb in the examined cereal products did not exceed the norms. During the analyzed period, a decrease in the Pb concentration in cereals was found. This may indicate an improvement in the quality of the environ- ment, which can be measured by the content of Pb in cereal products. At the same time, owing to the significant role of cereal products in human nutrition, the lead content may also serve as a marker of health exposure.
PL
W pracy oceniono zawartość witamin z grupy В w całodziennych racjach pokarmowych młodzieży gimnazjalnej z Białegostoku i okolic. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o 24- godzinny wywiad żywieniowy. Wyniki porównano z poziomem bezpiecznym odpowiednim do płci i wieku. Dzienne racje pokarmowe dziewcząt zawierały prawidłowe ilości wit. B1, B2 і B6. W dietach dziewcząt zamieszkałych w okolicy podmiejskiej i na wsi stwierdzono nieco niższy % realizacji normy na wit.PP. W jadłospisach chłopców stwierdzono wysoką zawartość analizowanych witamin i % realizacji normy.
PL
W pracy oznaczono zawartość wapnia w całodziennych racjach pokarmowych młodzieży gimnazjalnej z Białegostoku i okolic. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o 24-godzinny wywiad żywieniowy. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z poziomem bezpiecznym odpowiednim do płci i wieku -1100 mg/osobą/dzień. Stwierdzono prawidłową podaż wapnia w dietach badanej młodzieży płci męskiej i znaczny niedobór tego makroelementu w dietach dziewcząt.
PL
W grupie studentów (515 osób) z trzech wyższych uczelni Gdańska, Grodna i Białegostoku suplementację diety witaminami lub związkami mineralnymi stosowało codziennie odpowiednio: 28,8%, 39,4% i 22% badanych. Niemal połowa studentów (51,4%, 52,5% i 49,5%) przyjmowała suplementy bez konsultacji z lekarzem, dietetykiem czy farmaceutą. Nie zaobserwowano znaczących różnic w stosowaniu suplementacji diety w zależności od miejsca zamieszkania w czasie studiów: 58,2% studentów z Gdańska i 56,8% z Grodna oraz 57% studentów z Białegostoku zadeklarowało, iż stosuje suplementację diety.
EN
Official recommendations for the use of supplemental nutrients are limited to individuals at risk for deficiency and other specific populations. Some experts now suggest a broader application of supplements, especially of multivitamins and minerals. In the group of 515 students from Gdańsk (225), Grodno (190) and Białystok (100) vitamins and minerals diet supplement used respectively 28.8%, 39.4% and 22% person investigated. The study was proved that 51.4% (Gdansk), 52.5% (Grodno) and 49.5% (Białystok) of the researched persons, were using the supplementation of diet and the major influencing their choice were media.
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