Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Remarques sur un aspect quantitatif de la phraséologie comparée

100%

Bogacki K.

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tom 30

13-21

EN

Phraseology provides a convenient way to study conceptual images of things, animals, phenomena etc. as they characterize different cultures and civilizations. On the other hand, the comparison of idioms with nouns of animals in two languages makes possible the calculus of numerical indices which can be used to measure the degree of intensity of isomorphism in the two compared lexicons.

2

Est-il possible de se mettre d’accord sur le sens à donner au terme de pragmatème ?

100%

Bogacki K.

|

2020

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tom 32

77-88

EN

The term ‘pragmateme’ has been coined relatively recently and therefore its usage is still hesitant and its definitions lack precision. This makes it difficult to delimit the scope of all that relates to the intuition of the term. We believe that two criteria are crucial for the identification of the concept. First, it would signify an autonomous linguistic unit implying an act of enunciation, characterised by the adequacy between selecting an appropriate linguistic segment and its application, with all that it entails as constraints. This criterion derives from classical logic, based on the binary opposition of truth and falsehood. The other element of the definition of the pragmateme is difficult to apply due to its subjectivity. It can be described in terms of many-valued fuzzy logic. It requires that a privileged link be created in the consciousness of langage users between a particular formulation, conveying a given semantic content and other, competing formulations. Neither of the two criteria is correlated with formal exponents, which prevents them from being used in a database compiled for the purpose of creating a dictionary of pragmatemes

3

Analyse linguistique au service du TAL

100%

Bogacki K.

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2023

|

tom 35

1-13

EN

Using the notion of predicate in the sense of an element structuring the sentence at the surface level, G. Gross arrives at an interpretation of linguistic facts that is valid for those who adopt the concept of semantic predicate as a tool for analysis. It belongs to the abstract level of meaning and is considered to be an essential part of the mechanism for disambiguation and selecting the meaning of lexemes or grammatical structures. This mechanism is particularly important in the context of machine translation where it is necessary to choose, in the bilingual transfer dictionary, the accurate equivalent of a polysemic lexeme in the target language.

4

Quelques remarques sur les lexèmes français contenant une composante volitive

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Bogacki K.

|

nr 8: Lingwistyka korpusowa i translatoryka

47-58

FR

Nous examinons la question de savoir si l’on peut se servir de la relation de synonymie pour repérer toutes les unités lexicales avec une composante volitive. Nous arrivons à la conclusion qu’on ne peut pas détecter les vedettes constituant le noyau de ce champ sémantique sans recourir à une analyse en termes de prédicats et d’arguments. Un accent particulier est mis sur les paramètres différenciateurs entre les lexèmes constituant le noyau du champ lexical de mots exprimant la volonté.

PL

W artykule stawiane jest pytanie o możliwość wykorzystania relacji synonimii do identyfikacji wszystkich jednostek leksykalnych z elementem wolitywnym. Narzuca się wniosek, że nie jest to możliwe, podobnie jak ustalenie listy jednostek leksykalnych stanowiących jądro tego pola semantycznego bez pomocy analizy predykatowo-argumentowej. Rozpatrywane jest zagadnienie ustalania na podstawie kontekstu elementów różnicujących leksemy, które stanowią rdzeń pola jednostek wyrażających wolę.

EN

The article deals with the question of whether the synonymy can be used to identify all lexical units with a volitional component. We arrive at the conclusion that we cannot detect the items constituting the nucleus of this semantic field without resorting to an analysis in terms of predicates and arguments. A particular emphasis is placed on the differentiating parameters between the lexemes constituting the core of the lexical field of words expressing will.

5

Polysémie, contraintes syntaxiques et baisse de l’ambiguïté dans les langues contrôlées

100%

Bogacki K.

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nr 1

3-14

EN

The article considers such peculiarities of the controlled languages as the choice of lexical units and constraints on their syntax. We review various difficulties that arise during the selection of forms we would like to put in the lexicon of a controlled language. We compare the index of multiple meanings of the words used to form the vocabulary of a controlled language before and after the lexical control and calculate the change in the ambiguity rate of sentences due to the elimination of polysemy. The words allowed in the lexicon of a controlled language usually have a high polysemy index in the standard language. This is evident especially as far as grammatical and non-technical words are concerned. In contrast, technical terms are much more often monosemic. Thus the observation of the “one token = one meaning” principle in the lexicon for the controlled language has a great effect on the decline of ambiguity.

FR

The article considers such peculiarities of the controlled languages as the choice of lexical units and constraints on their syntax. We review various difficulties that arise during the selection of forms we would like to put in the lexicon of a controlled language. We compare the index of multiple meanings of the words used to form the vocabulary of a controlled language before and after the lexical control and calculate the change in the ambiguity rate of sentences due to the elimination of polysemy. The words allowed in the lexicon of a controlled language usually have a high polysemy index in the standard language. This is evident especially as far as grammatical and non-technical words are con- cerned. In contrast, technical terms are much more often monosemic. Thus the observation of the “one token = one meaning” principle in the lexicon for the controlled language has a great effect on the decline of ambiguity.

6

Les prénoms et les patronymes dans les ressources dictionnairiques pour le traitement automatique du polonais par NooJ

63%

Bogacki K. , Dryjańska A.

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nr 19

47-65

EN

This paper reports on a study whose purpose was to provide researchers specializing in the automatic treatment of natural languages with linguistic resources dedicated to Polish, namely dictionaries and local grammars. Firstly, a morphological dictionary of first names and surnames in NooJ format is presented. The corpus for the dictionary, made up of texts collected from several sources published on the Internet, contains more than 466,000 headwords (7 586 first names and 458 244 surnames). Seeking to reduce the size of the dictionary, we propose a modular approach for the construction of local grammars. It requires, however, the creation of more than 40 local grammars for surnames and almost double for first names. The dictionary recognizes altogether about 33MB of forms. As the solution based on a list of first names and surnames is time- and disc space-consuming, we introduce another approach – based on local grammars only. In the final part of the paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both solutions, as well as semantic and grammatical ambiguities that cannot be overcome in both approaches. Secondly, we discuss the reasons for the choice of this part of the lexicon, and next, having given a brief overview of the properties that distinguish proper nouns from the common names, we describe these properties that have a direct impact on the forms of surnames in Polish and constitute the main sources of opposition among them. In addition to the grammatical categories (case, gender and number) affecting surnames’ forms, we also point out their origin (Slavic, Latin, Greek, biblical etc.). As for the observance of the usage rules of Polish surnames, very strict or more flexible, we have adopted a liberal approach that does not exclude certain forms, although they can be considered erroneous by purists.

FR

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche qui s’ inscrit dans une perspective plus large de mettre à la disposition des chercheurs des ressources linguistiques – dictionnaires et grammaires locales – dédiées au polonais. En premier lieu, nous présentons un dictionnaire électronique morphologique prénoms et des patronymes au format NooJ. Le corpus pris en compte pour l’élaboration de cette ressource, constitué à partir de plusieurs sources publiées sur Internet, contient plus de 466.000 vedettes (7.586 prénoms et 458.244 patronymes). Cherchant à réduire les dimensions du dictionnaire, nous avons proposé une description modulaire qui a nécessite la création de plus de 40 grammaires locales pour les patronymes et presque le double pour les prénoms. En conséquence, le dictionnaire reconnaît plus de 33 Mo de formes. La solution ci-dessus – dictionnairique – présentant l’inconvénient d’être peu économique en ce qui concerne le temps et la taille des fichiers finals, nous avons proposé une approche grammaticale. Dans la dernière partie de l’article, nous expliquons cette démarche aussi bien que les avantages et les inconvénients des deux méthodes et des ambigüité sémantiques et grammaticales générées par elles. Ensuite, nous justifions notre choix d'élaborer cette partie du lexique et, après un bref survol des propriété qui distinguent les noms propres des noms communs, nous présentons celles qui en polonais ont un impact direct sur la forme des mots retenus et constituent les principaux axes d’opposition entre eux. Outre les catégories grammaticales ayant un impact direct sur la forme (cas, genre et nombre), nous mentionnons, pour les prénoms, leur origine (slave, latine, grecque, biblique, etc.). Face aux hésitations quant à l’observation des régles d'usage restrictives, mais souvent non observées, nous avons décidé d'adopter une position libérale qui n'exclut pas certaines formes même si elles sont considérées comme erronées par les puristes.