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Mass transport and changes in the saccharide profile during osmotic dehydration of apricot and chokeberry fruits

Pluta Małgorzata, Klewicki Robert

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2022

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Vol. 84, nr 1

19--32

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of osmotic dehydration in sucrose solution on the level and profile of the main saccharides in frozen chokeberry and apricot. A 50°Bx sucrose solution at a temperature of 25, 35, 45 and 55°C was used in the tests. The influence of temperature and dehydration time on the dry matter content in the tested fruits was demonstrated. Both in apricot and chokeberry the highest increase was recorded in the first hour of the process, for apricots to the level of 25.1-32.4%, for chokeberry 30.4-33.4%. The use of the highest temperature (55°C) increased the content of glucose and fructose while reducing the amount of sucrose (hydrolysis); at 25-35°C the opposite effect was obtained. At low temperatures, chokeberry was not very susceptible to migration of sucrose. Also, the transport of water was not intense. There was no correlation between the temperature of the process and the increase in dry matter in the sample. The greatest loss of water, i.e. 1 g H2O/g i.d.m., occurred after five hours at 55°C. Under analogous conditions, apricots showed a higher water loss, at the level of 4.68 g H2O/g i.d.m. At 25°C, after the first hour of dehydration, the energy value of saccharides in apricots was 315 kJ/100 g; at 55°C, after 3÷5 hours it fluctuated around 500 kJ/100g. Dehydrated chokeberry was characterized by approx. 1.5÷2 times lower energy value than apricot.

2

Badania chromatograficzne GC-FID zawartości kwasów tłuszczowych w pestkach wybranych owoców drzew pestkowych

Starzycki M., Starzycka-Korbas E., Miry A., Sterczyńska M., Jakubowski M.

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2015

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nr 1

25--28

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wartości udziału procentowego poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych w pestkach owoców, a także przeprowadzono analizę skupień otrzymanych wyników. Materiałem badawczym były pestki wybranych owoców pestkowych: czereśni, wiśni, moreli, brzoskwini i śliwy (odmiany: mirabelka, renklody, owalne, jajowe oraz węgierki). Badania wykonano za pomocą chromatografu gazowego HP Agilent 6890 GC-FID w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym w Poznaniu. Wyniki badań wykazały, że najwięcej nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych zawiera czereśnia. Przeprowadzona analiza statystyczna wykazała ponadto, że śliwa mirabelka i śliwa jajowa mają zbliżony metabolizm wytworzenia – udziału procentowego kwasów tłuszczowych w stosunku do odległych odmian: śliwy renklody, wiśni i czereśni.

EN

The article presents the percentage share of selected fatty acids in fruit stones, along with the analysis of concentration of the obtained results. The research material used were stones of selected type of fruit, namely: sweet cherry, cherry, apricot, peach, plum (cultivars: Mirabelle, Greengage, intermedia oxycarpa, intermedia ovoidea, Damson). The research was carried out in the Poznań Branch of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute of the National Research Institute using a gas chromatograph HP Agilent 6890 GC-FID. The results of the research have shown, that the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids is present in the stone of sweet cherry. The carried out statistical analysis has proven, that, the plums Mirabelle and intermedia ovoidea are characterized by similar metabolism - as far as the percentage share of fatty acids goes, in relation to the more distant Greengage plum, cherry and sweet cherry.

3

Future applications of apricot (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) ß galactosidase in dairy industry

Ansarin S. A, Satar R., Zaidi S. K., Khan M. J., Naseer M. I., Al-Qahtani M. H., Maskat M. Y.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2014

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Vol. 16, nr 3

74--79

EN

The present study demonstrates the immobilization of β galactosidase from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) on an inexpensive concanavalin A layered cellulose-alginate hybrid gel. Immobilized β galactosidase retained 78% of the initial activity after crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. It exhibited greater fraction of activity at both acidic and basic pH, and showed broad spectrum temperature optimum as compared to free enzyme. Moreover, immobilized enzyme exhibited higher thermal stability at 60oC and retained 80% of the original enzyme activity in presence of 3% galactose. The crosslinked immobilized enzyme showed improved hydrolysis of lactose from milk and whey in batch processes at 50oC as well as in continuous reactors operated at flow rate of 20 mL/h and 30 mL/h even after one month. Moreover, crosslinked adsorbed β galactosidase retained 76% activity even after its sixth repeated use, thereby promoting its use for lactose hydrolysis in various dairy products even for longer durations.

4

Wpływ podkładki na jakość drzewek moreli produkowanych w szkółce ekologicznej

Bielicki P., Pąśko M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 58, nr 3

11--14

PL

Podkładka jest ważnym elementem w produkcji drzewek owocowych. Odpowiedni jej dobór wpływa na jakość wyprodukowanych drzewek oraz na ich wzrost i owocowanie. W latach 2011-2012 oceniano wpływ podkładki na jakość drzewek moreli produkowanych w szkółce ekologicznej. Ocenę i pomiary przeprowadzono w szkółce zlokalizowanej na terenie Ekologicznego Sadu Doświadczalnego Instytutu Ogrodnictwa w Nowym Dworze Parceli koło Skierniewic. Materiał badawczy stanowiły jednoroczne drzewka trzech odmian moreli: ‘Early Orange’, ‘Goldrich’ i ‘Harcot’, które zaokulizowano na podkładkach o zróżnicowanej sile wzrostu: siewkach ałyczy, klonie ‘Pumiselect’ i siewkach ‘Węgierki Wangenheima’. Największą liczbę drzewek w stosunku do liczby okulizowanych podkładek, uzyskano dla moreli okulizowanych na siewkach ałyczy, a najmniejszą na siewkach ‘Węgierki Wangenheima’. Najlepsze jakościowo drzewka otrzymano dla badanych odmian moreli na klonie ‘Pumiselect’, a najsłabsze na siewkach ‘Węgierki Wangenheima’.

EN

The rootstock is a very important component in the production of fruit trees in the nursery. Its suitable choice effects on quality parameters of maiden trees, their growth and fruiting in the orchard. The effect of different rootstocks on the quality of apricot trees produced in the organic nursery was evaluated in 2011-2012. Assessment and measurement was carried out in the nursery, located at the Experimental Organic Orchard at Nowy Dwór Parcela near Skierniewice, Central Poland. Clonal rootstocks ‘Pumiselect’, as well as seedlings of Myrobalan and ‘Wangenheim Prune’ were budded with three apricot cultivars: 'Early Orange', 'Goldrich' and 'Harcot’. In the autumn of the first and the second year of the experiment the height and stem diameter of the rootstocks and maiden trees were measured. The number of lateral shoots and their length were also recorded for the maiden trees. The highest number of trees, in relation to the number of budded rootstocks, was obtained for trees on Myrobalan seedlings. The lowest number was obtained for maidens on 'Wangenheim Prune' seedlings. The best quality trees were obtained for apricot cultivars budded on 'Pumiselect' clonal rootstock, and the weakest on 'Wangenheim Prune’ seedlings.