Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Krzemionkowe mezoporowate sita molekularne - synteza i charakterystyka tekstur

100%

Mrowiec-Białoń J. , Kargol M. , Lachowski A. , Jarzębski A.

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tom Nr 12

337-338

PL

Otrzymano krzemionkowe mezoporo-wate sita molekularne typu MCM-41 o powierzchni właściwej S(BET>1100m(2)/g ł średnicy porów 36-38A. Badania tekstury metodą adsorpcji azotu oraz analiza rentgenostrukturalna potwierdziły wysoki stopień uporządkowania heksagonalnego

EN

Silica mezopours molecular sieves of MCM-41 type with the specific surface area S(BEL)>1100m2/g and mean pore diameter 36-38A have been obtained. XRD analysis shows that these materials have a d>ell ordered hexagonal arrangement

2

Mobilny rejestrator tekstur dla obiektów urbanistycznych pracujący w warunkach ścisłej zabudowy miejskiej

100%

Zwoliński G.

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tom Vol. 31, nr 2B

245-252

PL

Korzystanie z przestrzennych, dobrze teksturowanych planów miast 3d skutecznie wzmaga orientację w terenie. Problematyka zautomatyzowanego teksturowania obiektów urbanistycznych w warunkach ścisłej zabudowy jest sporym wyzwaniem przy realizacji internetowych lokalizatorów oraz systemów nawigacyjnych. Jednym ze sposobów rozwiązania tego problemu może być „mobilny rejestrator tekstur".

EN

Using spatial and well-textured 3D city plans facilitates space orientals: tion of their users. The issue of automatic texturisation of urban buildings in the conditions of the congested city areas is a huge challenge for developers of Internet locators and navigation systems. One of solutions applied to deal with the problem could be a portable recorder of textures.

3

The structure of shear bands in twinned fcc crystals and their influence on recrystallization nucleation

100%

Paul H. , Driver J. H.

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2006

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tom Vol. 54, nr 2

209-220

EN

The orientations of recrystallization nuclei and their adjacent as-deformed regions have been characterised in deformed single crystals of different metals (Ag, Cu, Cu-2%wt.Al and Cu-8%wtAl) in which twinning and/or shear banding occur. {112 }<111> oriented crystals of these metals have been compressed to different strains, then lightly annealed, and the crystallographic aspects of the recrystallization process along shear bands examined by local orientation measurement in TEM and SEM. The results clearly show the existence of a well-defined crystallographic relation between the local deformation substructure and the first recrystallized areas of uniform orientation. The first-formed nuclei always exhibit near 25--40° (<111>-<112>) type misorientations, in the direction of highest growth, with respect to one of the two main groups of the deformation texture components. The rotation axes can be correlated with the slip plane normal of highest activity. As recrystallization proceeds, recrystallization twinning develops strongly and facilitates rapid growth; the first and higher generations of twins then tend to obscure the initial primary crystallographic relation between the shear bands and recrystallization nuclei.

4

Physicochemical Properties of CuAIMCM-41 and CuNbMCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves

100%

Sobczak I. , Ziołek M. , Nowak I. , Daturi M. , Lavalley J.

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tom Vol. 77 / nr 5

683-700

EN

The texture and surface properties of copper-containing aluminosilica and niobiosilica mesoporous molecular sieves of MCM-41 type, in which all elements were introduced during the synthesis, have been studied by means of XRD, N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, FTIR combined with pyridine and NO adsorption as well as in the skeletal region, and the test reaction. The results were compared with those obtained earlier for Cu post synthesis exchanged AlMCM-41 and NbMCM-41. All the results and this comparison allow the suggestion that copper is partially located in the skeleton of both MCM-41 materials, which exhibit redox and acidic properties.

5

Microstructure Evolution and Texture Development in a Cu-8.5%AT. AL Material Subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion

100%

Jakubowska D. , Zdunek J. , Kulczyk M. , Mizera J. , Kurzydłowski K. J.

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tom Vol. 61, iss. 2B

933--936

EN

The aim of the present paper was to investigate microstructure and texture evolution of two single crystals and polycrystal of Cu-8.5%at.Al material. All of mentioned samples were deformed by HE to achieve true strain ε = 1.17. For microstructure analyzes observations by transmission electron microscope (STEM) were done. Crystalline size for samples after SPD were determine using XRD method. The global texture measurements were done using Bruker D8 Discover diffractometer equipped in Cr radiation. Microstructure investigations revealed nanocrystalline structure in single crystals with initial orientations <110> and <100> and polycrystalline Cu-8.5%at.Al material after SPD. The global texture measurements have shown the stability of initial orientation of <100> Cu-8.5%at.Al single crystal after HE, whereas the same SPD process strongly brakes up the orientation <110> Cu-8.5%at. Al single crystal.

6

Changes in texture of yoghurt from ultrafiltrated goat's milk as influenced by different membrane types

100%

Domagala J. , Kupiec B. E.

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nr 1

EN

The influence of type of ultrafiltration membrane on yoghurt texture produced with ultrafiltrated (UF) milk was investigated. Goats milk was concentrated with three membranes of the following pore sizes: 10 kDa, 30 kDa and 100 kDa. Ultrafiltration was carried out to complete 2-fold concentration (v/v) of milk. Concentrated milk was used for production of set yoghurt with Chr. Hansen starter culture YC-180. Yoghurt samples were also produced using unaltered milk. The ultrafiltration process had a significant effect on composition of retentates, sensory evaluation of yoghurts, their viscosity and most of their texture parameters. The type of membrane used influenced significantly dry matter, protein, fat and lactose levels as well as acidity of milk retentates. In consequence sensory evaluation scores, viscosity, hardness and cohesiveness of yoghurt gel were also influenced. The size of membranes had a significant effect on ultrafiltration rate.

7

Thermal Stability of AA1050 Aluminum Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Pressing

88%

Koprowski P. , Bogucki R. , Bieda M. , Kawałko J. , Sztwiertnia K.

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2017

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tom Vol. 62, iss. 2A

777--786

EN

The annealing behavior of AA1050 aluminum alloy deformed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was studied experimentally. The material was subjected to extrusion through die with channels intersecting at an 90° angle. Samples were pressed for up to 8 passes using route BC, then cut into slices and subsequently annealed for 1 hour at temperatures from 100°C to 350°C. Hardness measurements were performed on each slice. Microstructure of material was analyzed in the longitudinal section by means of Electron Backscatter Diffraction system in a scanning electron microscope (EBSD/SEM). From the obtained sets of Kikuchi diffraction patterns orientation maps and Image Quality maps were determined. Grain size, disorientation distributions and crystallographic texture were also estimated. ECAP caused significant improvement of hardness, with stabilization after 4 passes. Refinement of microstructure was obtained with the increasing amount of passes. Material properties were stable during annealing at temperatures lower than 150°C. Annealing at higher temperatures caused a decrease in hardness corresponding to an increase of the grain size.

8

Research into the relationship between the surface topography, texture and mechanical properties of PVD-Cu/Ni multilayers

88%

Kucharska B. , Kulej E. , Pyka G. , Kanak J. , Stobiecki T.

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tom Vol. 31, No. 1

101-107

EN

The paper presents the results of structural examinations and mechanical tests of Cu/Ni multilayers fabricated by the magnetron sputtering method. The investigated multilayers were differentiated by Ni sublayer thickness (1, 3 and 6 nm), while the retaining Cu sublayer thickness was unchanged (2 nm). Measurements demonstrated that the multilayers were strongly textured in the direction of their growth [111], with the thinnest multilayer (Cu/Ni = 2/1) showing a stronger texture. Stronger texturing was associated with greater surface roughness. Multilayers with the largest thickness had higher hardness and Young's modulus. The properties of Cu/Ni multilayers depended both on the thickness of their sublayers, as well as on their total thickness.

9

Rotation- and Scale-Invariant Texture Classification Using Log-Polar and Ridgelet Transforms

88%

Mahersia H. , Hamrouni K.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2009

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tom Vol. 18, No. 2

215-232

EN

Classification of distorted texture images is a challenging and important problem in real world image analysis and understanding. This paper proposes a new texture characterization method which is robust to geometric distortions, including rotation and scale changes. The rotation- and scale-invariant feature extraction for a given image involves applying the log-polar transform to eliminate the rotation and scale effects, followed by the ridgelet transform. In the experiments, the K-nearest neighborhood classifier is employed, using Euclidian and Manhattan distances to classify two sets of 30 and 40 distinct natural textures selected from the Brodatz and the VisTex albums. The experimental results, based on different test data sets for images with different orientations and scales, show that the proposed classification scheme using log-polar ridgelet signatures outperforms texture classification based on log-polar and wavelet transforms. Its overall accuracy rate reaches 100% for orientation or scale changes, and is about 73.708% for joint rotation and scale changes. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our characterization method in texture image classification experiments.

10

Effects of the Coiling Temperature and Anisotropy on the Tensile Properties of High-Strength API X70 Linepipe Steel

88%

Oh D.-K. , Shin S.-H. , Lee S.-M. , Hwang B.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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tom Vol. 67, iss. 4

1487--1490

EN

In this study, the effect of the coiling temperature on the tensile properties of API X70 linepipe steel plates is investigated in terms of the microstructure and related anisotropy. Two coiling temperatures are selected to control the microstructure and tensile properties. The API X70 linepipe steels consist mostly of ferritic microstructures such as polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and pearlite irrespective of the coiling temperature. In order to evaluate the anisotropy in the tensile properties, tensile tests in various directions, in this case 0° (rolling direction), 30°, 45° (diagonal direction), 60°, and 90° (transverse direction) are conducted. As the higher coiling temperature, the larger amount of pearlite is formed, resulting in higher strength and better deformability. The steel has higher ductility and lower strength in the rolling direction than in the transverse direction due to the development of γ-fiber, particularly the {111}<112> texture.

11

A Layer-by-Layer Analysis of the Corrosion Properties of Diffusion Zinc Coatings

88%

Biryukov A. , Galin R. , Zakharyevich D. , Wassilkowska A. , Kolesnikov A. , Batmanova T. , Biryukov A. , Galin R. , Zakharyevich D. , Wassilkowska A. , Kolesnikov A. , Batmanova T.

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nr 1

12

Markov random fields and constrained optimization for textured image segmentation

88%

Mościńska K.

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tom Vol. 7, No. 1/2

259-268

EN

Classical methods of image segmentation , like discontinuity detection or region growing concepts, are not satisfactory in case in textured images. The alternative is the application of stochastic models like Markov Random Fields (MRF) for image modelling and segmentation. Stochastic model may be described in terms of energy function that should be minimized during a relaxation procedure. Instead of doubly-stochastic model, in which boty the intensity and the label process are modelled by the set of deterministic features. Local texture properties are evaluated using local linear transforms or results from the first order histogram. We measure the disparity between spatial freatures on the basis of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics. Stochastic relaxation algorithms is applied for the minimization of the global energy function. The forbidden label configuration task are given. The examples presented in the paper confirm the usefulness of proposed models and the efficiency of the designed algorithms. Parallel implementation of the constrained optimization can be considered due to the local computation.

13

Microstructure and Texture Evolution in Temper Rolled Fe-Si Steels with New System Nano-Inhibitors under the Dynamic Annealing Conditions

88%

Kováč F. , Petryshynets I. , Horňak P.

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2017

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tom Vol. 62, iss. 3

1727--1732

EN

This work investigates the microstructure and texture evolution in grain-oriented electrotechnical steel with a new inhibition system based on vanadium carbides nano-particles. The novel approach for the preparation of this steel with appropriate final magnetic properties combines not only nanoinhibitors based on the vanadium carbides precipitations but also includes straininduced grain growth mechanism in combination with dynamic continuous annealing during the secondary recrystallization. The experimental grain-oriented steel with proposed new chemical composition was prepared in laboratory conditions. The texture analysis has shown that suggested procedure led the formation of sufficiently strong {110}<001> Goss texture during the short time period of a final annealing process, which is comparable to that obtained in the conventionally treated grain-oriented steels.

14

Texture and Residual Stresses in the CuSn6 Alloy Subjected to Intense Plastic Deformation

88%

Nuckowski P. M.

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tom Vol. 63, iss. 1

241--245

EN

This paper presents the results of analysis of commercial CuSn6 alloy in form of strips at semi-hard state, plastically deformed in the process of repetitive corrugation. The influence of process parameters on the value of residual stresses and texture of examined material was investigated. As a result of residual stress analysis, the presence of compressive stresses for all analysed samples, regardless of the method of plastic working and direction of measurement, was confirmed. The distribution and the value of the stresses depend on the applied deformation process. Texture analysis shows that in the classically rolled strip, in addition to the Brass {110}<112> component, also the Goss {110}<001> and Copper {112}<111> components are present, and their contribution diminishes with the increase in the number of cycles of repetitive corrugation process. After intense plastic deformation the strip is characterised by two distinct texture components, {110}<112> and {110}<111>.

15

Wpływ porowatości na cechy teksturalne ekstrudatów zbożowych

75%

Ekielski A. , Żelaziński T.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2012

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tom R. 16, nr 3

35-42

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań porowatości dostępnych na rynku ekstrudatów zbożowych. Określano ogólną powierzchnię porów na badanej powierzchni, liczbę porów na jednostkę powierzchni oraz wskaźniki wydłużenia i okrągłości porów. Następnie wykonano badania teksturalne. Stwierdzono, że wraz ze zmianami porowatości badanych próbek zmieniała się wartość maksymalnej siły potrzebnej do przecięcia ekstrudatów. Zaobserwowano również, że wraz ze zmniejszeniem porowatości, wartości współczynnika okrągłości wzrastały, co przyczyniało się do zmniejszenia okrągłości por.

EN

The paper presents the results of the research on porosity of the cereal extrudates available on the market. Total area of pores on the tested surface, the number of pores per unit area and theelongation and circularity indices were determined. Then, textural examinations were carried out. It was found that the value of the maximum force required to cut extrudates was changing along with the changes of porosity of the tested samples. It was observed that with a decrease of porosity, circularity factor values were increasing, which contributed to the reduction in pores circularity.

16

Preparation and texture of mineral-carbonaceous sorbents

75%

Grzybek T. , Krzyżanowski A. , Motak M. , Żyła M.

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tom Vol. 72, nr 7

1242-1248

EN

Some physico-chemical properties of mineral-carbonaceous sorbents were presented. They were obtained by pyrolysis of either sodium montmorillonite or pillared montmorillonite filled with synthetic polymer. This procedure resulted in the introduction of carbonaceous deposit into the porous structure of the mineral. In the case of the sodium form, nonporous products of carbonization resulted in the increase of basal spacing d-001 but in the same time they blocked the interlayer spaces.The initial of montmorillonite obtained by intercalation with aluminium hydroxycations led to the formation of a stable microporous system. Sorption of polymer and its carbonization resulted in a formation of carbonaceous deposit on the surface of the mineral with the preservation of relatively high specific surface area and porosity.

17

Wpływ karagenu na teksturę i stabilność oleożeli hydroksypropylometylocelulozowych

75%

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nr 3

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu dodatku karagenu na właściwości teksturalne i stabilność oleożeli. Główną substancją strukturyzującą olej rzepakowy była hydroksypropylometyloceluloza (HPMC). Zastosowano dodatek karagenu w ilościach: 0,25, 0,50 oraz 0,75%. Zbadano twardość organożeli po ich wysuszeniu, a w próbkach po zhomogenizowaniu oznaczono smarowność i stabilność (metodą wirówkową). Wykazano wpływ karagenu na parametry tekstury i stabilność oleożeli. Twardość wysuszonych organożeli zmniejszała się wraz ze wzrostem wielkości dodatku karagenu (od 25,44 N dla próbki kontrolnej – bez karagenu, do 1,55 N dla oleożelu z 0,75% udziałem tej substancji). Jednocześnie wielkość tego dodatku nie miała wpływu na wartość maksymalnej siły penetracji (w przypadku próbek zhomogenizowanych). Wszystkie oleożele z karagenem miały twardość zbliżoną do twardości handlowych miksów tłuszczowych, zawierających w składzie około 50% tłuszczu mlecznego. Wyrób z największym udziałem karagenu cechował się smarownością podobną do handlowych miksów tłuszczowych. Ponadto wykazano, że karagen pogarszał stabilność struktury oleożeli.

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carrageenan additive on textural properties and stability of oleogels. Structured systems were made by the main gelator -hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and rapeseed oil. Carrageenan was applied in amounts of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%. Oleogels were tested for hardness both after drying and after homogenisation process. Spreadability and stability tests (centrifuge method) were made only after the homogenisation process. The influence of carrageenan on the parameters of texture and stability of organogels was shown. The hardness of the dried samples decreased with increasing addition of carrageenan (from 25.44 N for the control sample, without carrageenan, to 1.55 N for sample with 0.75% K). The amount of carrageenan additive had no effect on the value of the maximum penetration force in homogenised samples. All oleogels with carrageenan had a similar hardness to that of commercial fat blends containing 50% milk fat. Oleogel with the highest carrageenan addition had a similar spreadability to that of commercial mixed fat product. Additionally, it has been shown that carrageenan deteriorated the stability of the oleogels structure.

18

Modelling Tyre-Road Noise with Data Mining Techniques

75%

Freitas E. , Tinoco J. , Soares F. , Costa J. , Cortez P. , Pereira P.

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2015

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tom Vol. 40, No. 4

547--560

EN

The research aimed to establish tyre-road noise models by using a Data Mining approach that allowed to build a predictive model and assess the importance of the tested input variables. The data modelling took into account three learning algorithms and three metrics to define the best predictive model. The variables tested included basic properties of pavement surfaces, macrotexture, megatexture, and unevenness and, for the first time, damping. Also, the importance of those variables was measured by using a sensitivity analysis procedure. Two types of models were set: one with basic variables and another with complex variables, such as megatexture and damping, all as a function of vehicles speed. More detailed models were additionally set by the speed level. As a result, several models with very good tyre-road noise predictive capacity were achieved. The most relevant variables were Speed, Temperature, Aggregate size, Mean Profile Depth, and Damping, which had the highest importance, even though influenced by speed. Megatexture and IRI had the lowest importance. The applicability of the models developed in this work is relevant for trucks tyre-noise prediction, represented by the AVON V4 test tyre, at the early stage of road pavements use. Therefore, the obtained models are highly useful for the design of pavements and for noise prediction by road authorities and contractors.

19

Przykłady obserwacji obrazu tekstury jako cechy struktury materiału w powiązaniu z jego własnościami

75%

Stalony-Dobrzański F.

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tom R. 45, nr 4

267-271

PL

Zaprezentowano praktyczne aspekty relacji tekstury i własności materiału. Wykazano, że tekstura materiału może być traktowana jako specyficzny przypadek obrazu struktury materiału. Zwykle stosowanego opisu tekstury używa się do dwóch krańcowych stanów - od orientacji pojedynczego kryształu po stan zupełnie przypadkowego rozkładu orientacji, a używane metody nie ujawniają specyficznych cech tekstury, które są związane z rzeczywistą strukturą materiału i własnościami materiału właściwymi w praktyce. Prezentowane wyniki pokazują, że obserwacje strukturalne powinny być uzupełnione szczegółowym obrazem tekstury w ocenie własności materiału w danym przypadku jego zastosowania.

EN

Practical aspect of the texture relation to material properties are presented in the paper. It is shown that material texture should be considered as a specific feature of its structure. Commonly used texture descriptions concern the problem of two extremal approaches: from single crystal orientation to random orientation of the crystal. The methods, usually used, don't allow reveal specific feature of the texture which correspond to the structure of real material and to wanted properties of the material in practice. The presented experimental results indicate that both, detailed texture description and structure observations, should be taken into account for more accurate characterization of materials properties.

20

Residual Stresses of AlSi10Mg Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

75%

Karolus M. , Maszybrocka J. , Stwora A. , Skrabalak G.

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nr 3