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EN
The effect of calcium on the synthesis of vitamin C in chicken tissues was examined. The content of vitamin C was determined in chicken tissue by the Roe-Kuether method and the activity of l-gulono-γ-oxidase active in the terminal phase of vitamin C synthesis by the Chatterjee method. Absorption of vitamin C and calcium from the intestines was determined in vivo by the method of a perfused intestinal loop. A significant increase of vitamin C was observed in the liver (58.4%), jejunal wall (65.85), pectoral muscle (100%). L-gulono-γ-oxidase also increased in all tissues under study. Calcium increased absorption of vitamin C from intestines. Absorption of vitamin C in the jejunum was determined at a concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/l of calcium. Calcium at a concentration of 500 mg/l increased absorption of vitamin C from 2.6 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 3.78 mg/l/cm²/60 min. Absorption of calcium was determined at a concentration of 200 mg/l of vitamin C. Vitamin C decreased absorption of calcium from the jejunum from 3.32 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 1.40 mg/l/cm²/60 min.
EN
The aim of the study was to show whether water soluble vitamins contained in fodder may influence the absorption of exogenous amino acids from entrails. Tests were done on live broiler chickens (aged 2-4 months) in which the small intestine was looped. The physiological liquid included amino acids such as: L-threonine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine as well as amino acids with water soluble vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotine acid, panthotenic acid, cholin, biotin, vitamin C and folic acid. The method of liquid chromatography before and 30 min after the flow through the loop was used to mark the concentration of amino acids in the perfusion liquid. The results of the study indicate a stimulatory effect of the vitamins on the absorption of amino acids in chickens. The influence on absorbing amino acids was highest when the water soluble vitamins were combined together in doses of 10 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l. A significant influence on the absorption of exogenous amino acids for threonine, valine, histidine and isoleucine observed after applying thiamin, riboflavin, cholin and biotin used in separated liquid. Changes in the absorption level of exogenous amino acids in relation to water soluble vitamins may have a stimulating influence on the development and growth in chickens.
EN
The effect of vitamin C on iron (FeS04 x 7 H2O) absorption in chickens was assessed. The degree of iron and vitamin C absorption was determined by the perfused intestinal loop in vivo method. Vitamin C decreased iron absorption in the jejunum from 3.43 mg per 1 cm2 within 60 min. to 1.10 mg and in the caecum from 4.94 to 3.08, respectively. A significant increase of vitamin C absorption from 2.6 mg per 1 cm2 within 60 min. was found in the jejunum, and in the caecum from 4.1 mg to 13.35 mg. Some interaction between iron absorption and the presence of vitamin C in chickens was observed.
EN
The effect of zinc on synthesis of vitamin C in chicken tissues was examined. Vitamin C was determined in the tissues by the Roe-Kuethner method, the level of an intermediate product of synthesis of D-glucuronic acid by the Bittner method, and the activity of L-gulono-gamma- -oxidase active in the terminal phase of vitamin C synthesis by the Chatterjee method. A significant increase of vitamin C was observed in kidneys (492%), adrenal glands (39%), liver (71%), glandular stomach (26,9%) and jejunum wall (12,3%). A significant increase in the level of D-glucuronic acid and in the activity of the L-gulono-gamma-oxidase enzyme was observed in all tissues under investigation. Zinc also increased absorption of vitamin C from intestines determined by the method of a perfused intestinal loop in vivo. A significant increase of vitamin C absorption, from 2,6 mg/L/cm²/60 min. to 6,32 mg/L/cm²/60 min., was found in jejunum and in coecum from 4,0 mg/L/cm²/60 min. to 10,9 mg/L/cm²/60 min. Vitamin C increased absorption of zinc in coecum from 4,23 mg/L/cm²/60 min. to 5,26 mg/L/cm²/60 min. By increasing the level of vitamin C in the organism zinc indirectly affects all the processes in which vitamin C participates.
RU
У 50 мясных цыплят иследовасли поглощение из тощей и слепой кишек витамина С в присутствии никотиновой кислоты методом перфузироваиной кишечной петли в острых опытах. Витамин С определяли методом Ре-Кютнера. Показали, что никотиновая кислота, принадлежащая к витаминам, растворимым в воде, уменьшала поглощение витамина С из кишек цыплят пропорционально росту его концентрации. Добавка к перфузионному раствору 50 мг/л никотиновой кислоты понижала поглощение на 23%, 200 мг/л — на 31%, а 1000 мг/л — на 40% в тощей кишке, и соответственно на 25%, 40% и 53% в слепой кишке. Даже очень высокие дозы никотиновой кислоты ие тормозили полностью поглощения витамина С. Из-за необходимости ввода цыплятам по причинам улучшения здоровья витаминов группы В, многие из которых как нпр. никотиновая кислота обладают способностью уменьшения поглощения витамииа С из пищеварительного тракта, полезным было бы добавление аскорбовой кислоты к норму питьевой воде. Это повлияло бы благоприятно на рост, развитие и предотвращение инфекционных болезней и стрессов у домашней птицы.
EN
The absorption of vitamin C in the presence of nicotinic acid from ileum and coecum of 50 chickens of the muscle type was examined in the acute experiments by the method of perfused intenstinal loops. Vitamin C was determined by the method of Roe-Kuethner. It was found that nicotinic acid as a water soluble vitamin decreased absorption of vitamin C from intestines of chickens proportionally to the increase of its concentration. After the addition of 50 mg of nicotinic acid/l of perfusion solution absorption lowered by 2%, 200 mg/l by 31% and 1000 mg/l by 40% in ileum and by 25%, 40% and 53% in coecum, respectively. Nicotinic acid even at very high doses does not inhibit completely the absorption of vitamin C. Because of the necessity to use vitamin of В group in chickens of which many like nicotinic acid may lower the absorption of vitamin C from the alimentary tract, ascorbic acid should be added to fodder or drinking water. This addition could influence positively growth and development of chickens and prevent infectious diseases and stress conditions.
EN
Milk proteins possess a wide range of nutritional and biological properties. They are used as a source of energy, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals which are needed for the growth and development of organisms. Milk proteins contain physiologically active peptides encrypted in the protein sequences. Peptides with biological activity are produced during gastrointestinal digestion or food processing and could play an important role in metabolic regulation and modulation. This suggests the potential use of biopeptides as nutraceuticals and ingredients of functional foods to promote health and reduce the risk of diseases. Milk-derived bioactive peptides were shown to have antihypertensive, antihrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidative, opioid, mineral-binding properties and anticancer activities. In vitro and in vivo studies are currently being carried out to identify milk bioactive peptides as well as to study their bioavailability and molecular mechanisms of action. Milk as a traditional food product can serve as the example of a functional food and be relevant for health-promoting as well as health-preventing factors.
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