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EN
The main objective of this paper is to show the differences and similarities in the use of demonstrative forms in Polish and Spanish, which arise not only from differences paradigmatic (Spanish ternary system vs Polish binary system), but also pragmatic context. With the help of electronic corpora the author tries to answer the question of what factors influence the conceptualization of these deictic expressions in both languages.
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Content available Rozwój przestrzenny we współczesnych realiach
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EN
Contemporary space is changing stemming from the dynamic processes occurring in different economic sections. The crisis in the global economy is additionally accompanied by this phenomenon. These transformations make the changes in the role of space in the economy. From the related element space is becoming one of the most active factors shaping the economic processes.
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Content available Selected Problems of Economic Theory
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EN
The theory of economics comprises a variety of approaches and schools of thought that result from the range and manner of analyzing economic reality. The diversity of methods used to asses economic processes encourages one to specify a certain number of research methods from the perspective of their essence and significance in the economic theory. The aim of the paper is to characterize selected aspects of economics in terms of the way in which economic processes are presented. The authors mention three perspectives: institutional, Austrian and neoclassical – all of them crucial for presenting the most important issues in the theory of economics. Obviously, the presented assessment of the importance of these approaches is selective and focuses solely on certain issues. It, nevertheless, seems interesting both because of the used instruments and of its theoretical value.
EN
The article analyzes the urban space in the contemporary Polish crime fiction. It uses a set of narratives Mordercze miasta (Deadly Cities) written by Marta Guzowska, Agnieszka Krawczyk, and Adrianna Michalewska as an example that intends to help with analyzing the space in crime fiction. It also uses the Social Network Analysis (SNA) according to Barnes and Hannerz along with Caillois’ idea of a novel as a rational game. Finally, the article presents an argument that space is an element of a literary game that is well-known in the tradition of crime stories. It becomes an excuse to begin communication with the reader.
EN
The article presents Polish research on the category of ‘space’, which influenced the shaping of the concept of geopoetics in Polish literary studies. Geopoetics is understood, according to Elżbieta Rybicka’s guidelines, as ‘concept-in-action’. The author of the article begins with theoretical considerations, then presents contemporary foreign theories and finally analyses theoretical works of Michał Głowiński, Henryk Markiewicz, and Janusz Sławiński. He also discusses the concept of ‘new regional studies’ in the context of the spatial turn. Using Stefania Skwarczyńska’s works, the author of the article claims ‘new regional studies’ to be one of the crucial elements of geopoetics.
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Content available Space as an element of economic security
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EN
Shaping a safe space is an extremely complex and multi-faceted process. To large extent, it is based on the cooperation with various entities of the local community, participating in mutual interdependencies within local economies and above all, in the local socio-economic development. In modern realities, activity geared toward making changes in physical space and initiating programs to promote mobilization of society to improve safety takes on particular importance. Crime prevention strategies through shaping space are presented from the perspective of typical bodies which are to ensure safety and the local government as the main entity coordinating these processes in the local section. The article assumes the thesis that spatial conditions determine safety. The objective of this article is to show the importance of a safe space in the local context.
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2018
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nr 1
115-124
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The paper is on Katarzyna Kobro’s artistic achievements and theoretical writings which present the foreshadowing of a new understanding of the space, articulated later by philosophers. Her and her husband conception of avant-garde sculpture postulates new mechanisms of seeing reality. By eliminating borders between sculpture and space, Kobro initiated a true breakthrough in art. Her achievement should be recognized for its truly pioneering and visionary status. Kobro was one of the first artists who revealed the intimate relation between art and its environment.
EN
In recent years decrease in physical activity (PA) amongst school children have been highlighted. The World Health Organization recommends daily moderate to vigorous PA for this age group for at least 60 minutes. Maintaining proper PA level contributes to numerous health benefits and proper children's development stimulation. School recess allows pupils to meet the recommended physical activity guidelines, it can as well be crucial for their social and emotional development, increased learning effectiveness, reduced tension and school stress. The following element is listed among factors determining the quality and level of school recess: space available for pupils meaning a place where they can move freely and safely (run, play). Therefore, this research attempts to define what is the relation between the type of school recess resulting from available free time space for children and pupils' physical activity level during this recess. 113 grade 2 and 3 pupils from the local elementary school participated in the research (66 girls and 47 boys). Their physical activity undertaken spontaneously during school recess was the main point of observation. Two types of 10-minute school recess were analyzed: 1) the one spent in a classroom 2) the one spent in a school hallway. Significant statistical differences have been found between types of physical activity depending on space available for pupils during school recess. Clearly school recess spent in a classroom impairs free movement and causes visible reduction in physical activity. Organization of school recess including arrangement of space available to pupils between the classes can be understood as following the WHO guidelines defining the daily level of children's physical activity.
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Content available remote Integracja przestrzenna zespołów zabudowy - działania formalne i praktyka
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2007
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tom R. 104, z. 1-A
139-145
PL
Dysonans między teorią a praktyką dążeń do integracji przestrzennej zabudowy skłania do oceny sposobu realizacji takiego działania w planistyce. Podjęto ją poprzez analizę ustaleń kilkunastu uchwalonych lub sporządzanych w Krakowie miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Wątpliwości budzą konsekwencje ich stosowania w szczególnych sytuacjach, gdy zalecenia rozciągnięte są na zbyt duże, niejednorodne formalnie strefy. Niepokojące jest dopuszczenie w niektórych planach działań materiałowo-kolorystycznych niezgodnych z intencją ustawy, np. zestawienia w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie dachu popielatego i czerwonego. Ostatecznie autor postuluje bardziej wnikliwe wyznaczanie jednostek przestrzennych, dla których powinny być ustalane jednolite zasady kształtowania, szczególnie materiałowo-kolorystycznego. Wymaga to nowych sposobów dokumentacji stanu istniejącego zabudowy z uwzględnieniem wspomnianych istotnych cech. Celowi temu może służyć opracowana przez autora metoda monitorowania przekształceń zabudowy.
EN
Dissonance between theoretical and practical aspiration for building spatial integration tend to judge way of accomplishing such activity in planistic. It has been undertaken through analysis settlements of dozen or so spatial local management plans resolved and made in Kraków. The doubts wake consequences their usage in particular situations when recommends are extended for to big various formally zones. Worrisome is allowance in some plans material coloristic actions which disagree with the intention of act of law, ex. complex in the direct neighbourhood grey and red roofs. Finally author postulates more penetrative spatial units marking for which unitary rules of shaping should be stated, especially material colouristic. It demands new ways of existing building state's documentary, including mentioned crucial features. Author's elaborated method of building's transformations monitoring can serve that aim.
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Content available remote Tożsamość miejsca. Przypadek mieszkańców Sankt Petersburga
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The paper is focusing on the relationship between space and identity. According to the term genius loci, which may be understood as location’s distinctive atmosphere or a “spirit of place”, it is possible to explore some visible and invisible features of the place which play substantial role in social life of the local community. The case study of Saint Peterburg illustrates how the context of place, where people live, can have a significant influence on how they define themselves. The article raises the subject of cultural interpretation of space and compares the past and the present identity of St. Peterburg inhabitants. It focuses on myths, images and crucial events from the history, which constitute memory, value-system and social practices of modern citizens.
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Content available remote Mapping the Transnation: Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines
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tom 5
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Central to Ghosh’s oeuvre is the idea that the nation is a fiction whose boundaries are continuously being reimagined and redrawn. Nationalism creates binary divisions, and projects a kind of “false” history which would buttress its own interest. The ideology of modernity and its various avatars, like Western geographical and ideological expansionism, modernist knowledge production strategies, and racism, create a Manichaean dialectic between the self and its other. Ghosh’s engagement with the frequency of boundary-crossings within and outside India, challenges the essentialist definitions of nations and societies. Ghosh‘s endorsement of the syncretism and humanism that downplay cultural differences explains his antipathy towards nationalism and its divisive epistemology. Despite his celebration of cultural pluralism, an acute sense of the sameness of man across “looking glass borders” and temporal divides underlies his work. Questioning the authoritarian and coercive actions of the postcolonial nation state, Ghosh pines for the Nehruvian utopia of a secularist, democratic national unity which assimilates Indian diversity in a syncretic whole. Based on an ethically conceived solidarity, this feeling of communitarianism would provide an ideal alternative to religious and ethnic chauvinism and “Majoritarianism”, as well as political dispersal and the religious/ethnic violence rampant in contemporary Hindu nationalism. Ghosh distrusts the nationalist political and official discourse of a faceless and dehumanizing statist machinery detached from the actual lives of people. In The Shadow Lines, Ghosh thematizes the migrations of people(s), the importance of connections between the past and the present, the changing status of nation-states, the fluid nature of boundaries, intercultural communication beyond nationalism, the spread of Western modes of production, and encounters between different cultures – all of which are the fallout of globalization.
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tom 6
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The article presents the image of the Holy City of Jerusalem in the poetry of one of the most distinguished Israeli artists, Jehuda Amichai. Here, the imagery includes the dominant motifs of stone, water, and light. Stone, as shown in the images of soaring temples and houses, symbolizes, on the one hand, power and stability; it guards the past and expresses religious zeal. On the other hand, however, it emerges as if from “below” to represent decay, chaos, oblivion, and death. Mourning associates stone with water – through the image of tears or sea – and with artificial light, which again is semantically negative. Furthermore, while the light, for example, helps to reveal the nocturnal glory of ancient architecture, it becomes associated with the lightning – the biblical symbol of God’s wrath. Eventually, it warns us and, at the same time, foresees the impending catastrophe.
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tom 9
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The text defines the concept of “unclosed territories”, the third category proposed by the author which completes his methodology of encoding, reading and interpreting geographical places. The author’s argument holds that physical accessibility of space does not automatically imply its openness. Further, in order to understand the visited space one must walk in the footsteps left by others. These may include a literary text, music, dance and interplay of senses. Leaving traces in physical space is an individual act tinted by “geographical expressions”. The author’s reflections draw from a variety of cultural texts and his own itineraries.
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tom 9
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Relying on Maurice Maeterlinck’s essays, the article reflects on the question of human perception of insects, especially termites. Spatially enclosed termitemounds impose specific way of life which, in Maeterlinck’s view, resembles human way. Following Gernat Böhme’s argument, this realization can only be attained if one accepts emotions in perception. By writing about “places of imprisonment” of living creatures, Maeterlinck was the first to depict human living space as natural imprisonment. At the same time, in his entomological monographs he initiated human experiencing of nature; the process which Böhme described as situating man in his surroundings.
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tom 5
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In this part of the article I discuss the question of potential relations between the styles of the topography of Litzmannstadt Getto and the situation of the authors of non-fictional and fictional texts devoted to it. I distinguish, for example, records of the space of this ghetto made by those who experienced it (endotopia) as well as those whose creators modeled it from an external perspective: culturally, discursively mediated (exotopia). I state that in non-fictional narrations-testimonies space is ubiquitous, foremost as the figure of closing and enslavement, though basically unrepresented. For only in but a few of them one can find topographies of the Lodz Ghetto understood as involving senses, conducive to visualizations, imaginary reconstruction: descriptions of the organization of this space, its appearance and endemic properties.
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Hana Voisine-Jechova - emerytowany profesor Université Paris IV
EN
The object of analysis in this article is a type of multi-layer description characteristic of Schulz and certain writers and painters of his era. According to the author, Schulz’s descriptions of space include a reflection of two attitudes: 1) a mystical rapture by the sacral world and 2) a sense of degradation of human existence. Simultaneously, however, what manifests itself in them is a fascination with the artificiality typical of the era in which he worked.
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Content available Maria Dąbrowska w Jugosławii
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tom 5
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This article discusses different forms – in terms of genre – of recording (private letters, diaries, reportage) of Maria Dąbrowska’s three journeys to Yugoslavia. In the author’s opinion these accounts reveal the tension between the subjective truth of being here and now, which Dąbrowska wanted to express, and the objectivity of being, which she wanted to present objectively. They are also a testimony of a typically female, or rather more intensive in women, polisensory experience of the world.
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Content available Przestrzeń n-wymiarowa i węch. Uwagi o futuryzmie
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tom 5
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The author’s subject of interest is olfactory experience and its effect on the form of the space presented by futurists. The futurists develop new sensitivity, open to “sharp” stimuli, and not avoiding dissonances. The smell becomes in this context a component of the constructed space, appertaining to the forms of intensity, dynamic forms. The scent appeals to intuition rather than reasonable calculation, encouraging the futurist “new opening”. Also a broader context of the considerations seems important: the pursuit, declared in program texts of the futurists, of going beyond the convention of three dimension towards an n-dimensional space experienced with all senses; in other words the will to differentiate the ways of perception in order to enrich special imagination.
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