Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

La perception des rectifications orthographiques de 1990 : quelle connaissance auprès des étudiants polonais

100%

Lazar J.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2023

|

nr 19

EN

The study is focused on the perception of the French spelling reform of 1990 by Polish students. The aim is to ascertain to what extent Polish students are familiar with the most recent spelling changes, which will also allow us to see if the new orthography is taught in the Polish cultural context. For this purpose, a linguistic survey among the students at the departments of Romance studies in Poland was conducted. The respondents were asked to write a dictation containing selected expressions which have had two possible spellings since 1990. The presentation of the obtained results is an integral part of this paper.

2

RGB-D Sensors in Social Robotics

94%

Dziergwa M. , Kaczmarek P. , Kędzierski J.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 9, No. 1

18--27

EN

This article presents the results of a series of experiments carried out using a Kinect for Windows sensor coupled with dedicated software. The focus of this study is on the use of such devices in the field of social robotics. Two software packages are considered - Microsoft Kinect SDK and OpenNI coupled with NiTE library. Particular emphasis is placed on the parameters affecting the social competencies of a robot, such as the speed of detecting users, the accuracy of establishing position and orientation of a user or stability of the tracking process. Key characteris tics of the evaluated software packages are identified and differences regarding their usage outlined in view of interaction oriented algorithms.

3

Senses and “sensual data”

94%

Półtawski A.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

|

2020

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tom 56

|

nr S1

97-105

EN

One of the main goals of modern philosophy was to achieve an in-depth insight into the foundations of empirical knowledge. The problem was expected to be resolved by the analysis of experience. However, the road to a plausible account of experience was at the very beginning obstructed by turning the analysis into a search for clear and distinctive elements of experience and by sticking to purely intellectual intuition as means of this analysis. Moreover, clear and distinctive elements of experience were thought of as the basis of cognitive certainty. Both psychology and philosophy, at least until the nineteen-thirties, were deeply influenced by this essentially rationalistic conception of sensor experience. It is gestalt psychology and phenomenology that should be merited for overcoming that ill-conceived model. Only by taking into account the immediate sensor relation between the human subject and the environment, it is possible to show the kind of unity which is the prerequisite of human intellect.

4

Perceptual microgenesis – what are its real-time characteristics?

94%

Bachmann T.

Acta Neuropsychologica

|

2019

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tom 17(2)

111-127

EN

According to the microgenetic stance, each following instant of perception gradually grows out from the each preceding one and is essentially a continual part of it. It is difficult to exclusively differentiate past, present and future in perception, because in the currently experienced mental reality past, present and future overlap, with no very clear borders in between. However, in the practical domain these theoretical underpinnings remain useless unless we support them by specific experimental data about the more or less precise values of measurements characterizing the real-time constraints and ranges within which the microgenetic perception unfolds. Here, the general theoretical picture of perceptual microgenesis will be supplemented with some simple data on the quantitative aspects of actual microgenesis. I will review some experimental measurements of perceptual microgenesis such as the real-time values of microgenesis, typical orders with which different characteristics of the same object/event unfold, arbitrariness with which the objective order is transformed to a subjective order, the phenomenon of proactive facilitation. Microgenetic stance will be discussed also in light of the issue of neural correlates of consciousness.

5

Seniorzy w świecie urządzonym przez młodych i dla młodych. Społeczne i kulturowe konstruowanie roli osoby starszej we współczesnym świecie

94%

Gacka J.

Theologica Wratislaviensia

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2015

|

tom 10. Widoki na starość. Interdyscyplinarne studia gerontologiczne

15-25

EN

Aging and being old are among those phenomena which nowadays are perceived solely negatively. The image of this life stage is based mainly on stereotypes and beliefs created by and for young people, for whom youth is much more valuable. This results in social and cultural discrimination of mature people (ageism). The article, based on analysis of various texts, provides background on involvement and participation of active elderly people in society (age group of 50 years and more) and difficulties they encounter in many aspects of their life due to the negative image of aging and old age. It also points out necessary changes to the perception of this period in human life - both for individual- and society-level.

6

Visual features of cartographic representation in map perceptron

94%

Żyszkowska W.

Polish Cartographical Review

|

2016

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tom Vol. 48, No. 1

5--15

EN

The author describes the properties and mechanisms of visual perception in the context of their significance to the principles of symbol design as used in cartography. Map perception relies on the process of visual perception. Therefore, the knowledge of its inner workings in the map environment allows cartographers to construct cartographic symbols in agreement with the properties of the visual system. Visual perception involves neurosensory processes taking place between the eye and the short-term memory. As such, they operate independently of the beholder’s consciousness and significantly influence the information received by the map user. The author discusses the mechanisms of human vision and the nature of the process of visual perception. It also shows the relationships between the image characteristic and the visual system’s properties such as the optical resolution, visual adaptation, reactions of inhibition and reinforcement, reactions to the image characteristics - as well as the phenomena of contrast, grouping and spatial arrangement. The principles of constructing map symbols that have been developed in the long course of cartography, and based mostly on the map makers’ intuition, find validation in the light of properties and mechanisms of visual perception. As discussed in the paper, the fundamental properties and basic mechanisms of human vision support the view that knowledge of how the visual system works provides foundation for articulating new mapping guidelines and cartographers’ calls for stricter observance of cartographic principles are fully justified.

7

The perception of urban space – participants in the proces and their role in the space

94%

Bernaciak A.

Studia Periegetica

|

2014

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tom 12(2)

13-24

EN

The article presents the most important issues related to the perception and valorization of urban space by different groups of users. The first part of the article describes the theoretical approaches to the perception of urban space by presenting concepts from Kevin Lynch and Yi Fu Tuan. After which, it distinguishes the main groups of participants in the perception proces and their role in the space. In the last part of the paper, the theoretical implications of the causeeffect chain for the process of valorisation of space are proposed and described. This is done in the form of a chain of assessment and transformation of the space. The primary aim of this article was to show the theoretical foundations of perception processes of urban space, including a presentation of the model of the “new perception,” in the case of changes in urban space.

8

Komfort dalekiego patrzenia a krajobraz dolin rzecznych w miastach położonych na nizinach

94%

Skalski J.

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

|

2005

|

tom T. 1

44--52

PL

Miejsca w przestrzeni publicznej miast, z których możemy patrzeć do linii horyzontu, są wyjątkowe w krajobrazie. Doznajemy tu szczególnej przyjemności, jaką jest komfort dalekiego patrzenia. Ich wyjątkowość jest szczególnie ważna w miastach położonych na równinach. Ze względu na płaskie ukształtowanie terenu w miastach miejsc takich nie ma lub może być niewiele. Każda dolina rzeczna stwarza potencjalne możliwości wyznaczenia takich miejsc w przestrzeni publicznej miasta. Można je wskazać w wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy wizualnej krajobrazu, prowadzonej z sieci ulic biegnących wzdłuż górnej krawędzi skarpy oraz z przepraw mostowych. Wyznaczone w ten sposób miejsca w przestrzeni publicznej miasta współtworzą w naszej wyobraźni obraz miasta. Utrwalony w naszej pamięci obraz miasta przyczynia się do powstawania emocjonalnych więzów pomiędzy mieszkańcami a ich krajobrazowym otoczeniem.

EN

Places in public space of the town, where we are able to look up to the horizon line are exceptional in a landscape. In these places we experience special kind of pleasure named a comfort of long-distance perceiving. The uniqueness of these places is especially important in towns situated on the plains. Because of plane lie of the land, in these towns only few such places or even none at all may be found. Every river valley creates potential possibility to determine such places in public space of a town. These places can be indicated, based on visual analysis of a landscape. This analysis has to be carried out from road network localized along the upper edge of a scarp and from the bridges. Places in town, indicated with this method, co-create the town image in our imagination. The town image which is imprinted in our memory contributes to establishment of emotional bounds among citizens and their landscape surrounding.

9

Roadrunners and Eagles

94%

Shockey L. , Ćavar M.

Research in Language

|

2013

|

tom 11

|

nr 1

97-102

EN

Our previous research on perception of gated casual English by university students suggests that ceteris paribus, Polish students are much more accurate than Greeks. A recent pilot study of casually-spoken Polish leads us to the conclusion that many shortcuts found in English are also common in Polish, so that similar perceptual strategies can be used in both languages, though differing in detail. Based on these preliminary results, it seems likely that perceptual strategies across languages tend towards the “eagle” approach - where a birds-eye view of the acoustic terrain without too much emphasis on detail is found - or the “roadrunner” approach, where phonetic detail is followed closely. In the former case, perceivers adjust easily to alternation caused by casual speech phonology while in the latter, perceivers expect little variation and possibly even find it confusing. Native speakers of Greek are “roadrunners”, since there is little phonological reduction in their language there is little difference, for example, between stressed and unstressed syllables. We suggest that native speakers of Polish join English speakers as “eagles”, which gives them a natural perceptual advantage in English. There is a conceptual similarity between this idea and that of the stress- or syllable-timed language, and we hypothesise that as in this case, there is a cline rather than a sharp division between eagles and roadrunners. As usual, more research is called for.

10

Perception of fast time fluctuations in the sound level by persons with a cochlear implant

94%

Kwiatkowski R. , Hojan E. , Szyfter W. , Furmann A. , Hojan-Jezierska D.

Archives of Acoustics

|

2008

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tom Vol. 33, No. 4

423-434

EN

The paper presents results of scaling of loudness changes of natural sounds for persons with a cochlear implant by the so-called NSLE method. The possibilities of the use of this method of loudness scaling of natural sounds in the rehabilitation of persons with a cochlear implant have been analysed.

11

The perception of creativity in the management field

94%

Loucanova E.

Intercathedra

|

2014

|

tom 30

|

nr 2

EN

The paper is concerned with utilization of creativity in the management and its importance for the management of the company. It represents the results of the use and impact of creativity in the management of a selected company. These results are subsequently generalized and through cluster analysis were used to identify the factors influencing employees' creativity.

12

Pure Pleasure and Film Thinking – Watching Instead of Interpreting

94%

Koschany K.

Estetyka i Krytyka

|

2014

|

nr 3(34)

45-56

EN

In his reflection on watching instead of interpreting as a way of getting to know a film, the author wishes to focus on two issues: (i) one related to the sensuous experience of the cinema, the pleasure of the act of watching itself (in accordance with the formula “seeing as only seeing”), and supported by the long tradition of the aesthetic thought (Baumgarten, Dewey, Shusterman, Gadamer, Merleau-Ponty), and (ii) one connected with film thinking – inspired by the thesis of Rudolf Arnheim: “The visual perception is visual thinking”. Thus, the concept of watching instead of interpreting raises the status of the pre-intellectual and sensuous way of receiving a film work, which does not act against the interpretation (as Susan Sontag claimed), but constitutes its alternative or complementary version.

13

Map perception: theories and research in the second half of the twentieth century

94%

Żyszkowska W.

Polish Cartographical Review

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 47, No. 4

179--190

EN

Until the 1990s map perception research was one of the main parts of cartography as a scientific discipline. In the last years of the century map perception research fell out of favor as cartographers turned their attention to the new computer technology. In the first decade of the 21th century the problems of map perception became more frequent in cartographic journals. The article recaps the main problems, theories and research conducted in the twentieth century. The main concepts connected with map perception are discussed: use, utilization, reception and interpretation. These terms are used differently in different research orientations. The author assumes that the terms: reception, reading and perception are unambiguous and perception should be treated as a complex of active and highly interactive processes, leading to identification and understanding of the visible image. The relation of perception research with theory of cartography are presented in three stages of development of the research. In the first, intuitive stage, very important role played eminent cartographers Max Eckert and Karl Peucker, who appreciated the role of human perception in cartography. The second stage began with the research initiated by A.H. Robinson in the 1950s. In the stage perceptual research contributed to the physical aspects of cartographic signs and the psychophysical orientation emerged. Perception has been accepted as an element of cartographic communication theory, modeling theory and cartographic semiotics. The third stage of perceptual research emerged as a result of criticism of empirical research effects. Cartographers turned to methods and theories of cognitive psychology and cognitive orientation was a main paradigm of the research. Perception is perceived as one of the elements of the human cognitive system and considered in the context of higher lever cognitive processes, participating in cartographic information processing. Two methodological approaches can be set apart: theoretical and experimental. In the theoretical approach the processing succession is considered and some models of cartographic processing models were presented. The first decade of the 21st century opens a new stage of perceptual research. It can be named cognitive-digital as the research is based on computer software and is concentrated on cognitive aspects of map perception.

14

Perception – Meta-Scientific and Meta-Logopaedic Reflection

94%

Michalik M.

Logopedia

|

2018

|

tom 47 EN

|

nr 2

99-112

EN

The article tries to describe the cognitive process of perception from the perspectives of science, meta-science, and meta-logopaedics. To achieve it, it has been assumed that the world can be described through statements about reality (description), statements about statements about the reality (science), and statements about statements about statements about the reality (meta-science). On the way to the ‘meta’ stage, the article mentions five human senses as well as the groups of the cerebral cortex areas which give perception neurological and neuropsychological character. Moreover, the concept of the neuronal network and the congnitivistic perspective on perception have also been also mentioned. The meta-scientific description of perception makes reference to three philosophical beliefs: realism, phenomenalism, and idealism. The article also mentions the concepts of the philosophy of language. Such references give the article ontological and epistemological character. Meta-logopaedic reflection on perception has been built on phenomenology and the philosophy of perception of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Special emphasis is put on his claim that perception is the function of bodily (biological) conditions and the meaning aspects. Such cognitive orientation places the problem of perception in the realm of logopaedic theory and its critical judgement (metalogopaedic level).

15

Econometric Modelling of the Perceptions Students have Regarding the Probability of Finding a Job in the Field of the Master’s Programme

94%

Mare C. , Popa I. , Dinu V. , Dragos C.

The New Educational Review

|

2013

|

tom 32

35-48

EN

The labour market in any field becomes more and more demanding and specialized, professional. For a more efficient absorption of graduates, the professional environment requires both advanced theoretical knowledge and practical abilities. During the study period, based on rational mechanisms, students form a perception related to the probability of finding an adequate job. In this article we model the constructed perceptions through Ordered Logit models. The application regards 88 students from two Romanian universities. The programme they are involved in is called “The Audit and Financial Management of European Funds”. The results obtained are in accordance with the logical mechanisms evidenced in the theoretical part. The explanatory variables that are statistically significant relate both to the scholarly results and to the student’s status on the labour market. The conclusions drawn are not limited only to the evaluated sample. They are easy to generalize, with necessary changes, to any university specialization.

16

The North-South Divide in Italy: Reality or Perception?

94%

Musolino D.

European Spatial Research and Policy

|

2018

|

tom 25

|

nr 1

29-53

EN

Although the literature about the objective socio-economic characteristics of the Italian North-South divide is wide and exhaustive, the question of how it is perceived is much less investigated and studied. Moreover, the consistency between the reality and the perception of the North-South divide is completely unexplored. The paper presents and discusses some relevant analyses on this issue, using the findings of a research study on the stated locational preferences of entrepreneurs in Italy. Its ultimate aim, therefore, is to suggest a new approach to the analysis of the macro-regional development gaps. What emerges from these analyses is that the perception of the North-South divide is not consistent with its objective economic characteristics. One of these inconsistencies concerns the width of the ‘perception gap’, which is bigger than the ‘reality gap’. Another inconsistency concerns how entrepreneurs perceive in their mental maps regions and provinces in Northern and Southern Italy. The impression is that Italian entrepreneurs have a stereotyped, much too negative, image of Southern Italy, almost a ‘wall in the head’, as also can be observed in the German case (with respect to the East-West divide).

17

Was kann uns schwache sprachliche Synästhesie über „starke synästhetische Metapher“ sagen? Schwache vs. starke Synästhesie im Deutschen und deren Problemstellen veranschaulicht am Beispiel des Lexems Freude

94%

Staniewski P.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

|

2021

|

nr 19

303-326

EN

Synaesthesia is undoubtedly a very complicated and complex phenomenon. Regarding its nature and definition, it poses a wide variety of difficulties not only from the neurocognitive but especially from the linguistic perspective. Both, the weak and strong linguistic synaesthesias are generally considered as metaphors. The first part of the paper aims at presenting at first the types of synaesthesia and some problematic issues with its definition from the neurocognitive perspective. Subsequently, various approaches to the linguistic-conceptual nature of synaesthesia as well as related problematic theoretical and analytical questions are discussed; especially those pertaining to regarding synaesthesia as a metaphor (much more seldom is this phenomenon interpreted as metonymy, metaphor or neither of them). It has been shown that from the theoretical point of view the weak linguistic synaesthesia can unequivocally be classified as a metaphor. Similar unambiguous categorisation in the case of strong linguistic synaesthesia is questionable. Based on the analysis of the co-ocurrences of the lexeme Freude in corpus, the second part of the paper demonstrates that even seemingly uncomplicated instances of weak synaesthesia turn out to be puzzling and pose some problems in terms of their interpretation. Depending on the contextual embedding, they can be viewed as metaphors or metonymies (of different types). This leads to the following conclusion: if the weak linguistic synaesthesia cannot unequivocally be seen as a metaphor, it is much less possible to classify the strong linguistic synaesthesia generally as a metaphor. In such a complex domain as perception, the contextual embedding is of fundamental importance for the categorisation of the synaesthetic expression.

18

Polisemia czuć pozostałością synestezji? – próba wyjaśnienia wieloznaczności czasownika

94%

Piotrowska A. E.

Poradnik Językowy

|

2023

|

tom 803

|

nr 4

7-27

EN

This article attempts to explain the causes of the formation and preservation of the polysemy of the verb czuć (to feel, to smell, to taste, to see) by using the knowledge of synesthesia from various scientific disciplines. The ambiguity of the verb can be justified by the metaphorical extension of the concrete senses over abstract ones and the preservation of the remains of the original way of sensing when, at a certain stage, the received stimuli and the accompanying emotions or thoughts are not differentiated or specified. D. Buttlerowa clarifies that such a situation is a reflection of the synthetic and sensational perception of the world characterising the old ethne and every human being in infantry and early childhood. The combination of impressions coming from different senses facilitates learn ing, memorising and acquiring language early in life. Giving consideration to research from various disciplines of science permits the discernment of the reasonability to preserve the ambiguity of czuć and understanding of its cause rather than perceiving it as an example of denying the tendency for clarity and precision in language.

19

Students’ emotional state and educational efficiency: temptations of modern education

94%

Nikolić S. T. , Vrgović P. , Stanković J. , Safranj J.

The New Educational Review

|

2015

|

tom 39

153-164

EN

While searching for the ways of enhancing students’ educational efficiency, the authors set the framework for the issue from two perspectives-educational and emotional, stressing the existence of a strong interdependence between emotional and cognitive ones. The focus of study is students’ perception of educational processes, the emotional states they demonstrate and their interdependence. For the purpose of this research a battery of questionnaires was constructed and the results have shown that students’ emotional states greatly influence their perception of educational efficiency. Based on these results, the recommendation on modifying the management of educational processes is that students’ emotional states should not be excluded from the equation of a successful education. The factors that shape the emotional context of learning should be taken into account.

20

Alternatywizm, dysjunktywizm i pluralizm doświadczeniowy

94%

Zięba P. J.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

|

2018

|

tom 17

|

nr 1

EN

The claim currently known as “disjunctivism” is usually interpreted in terms of exclusive disjunction. However, it can be also explicated through the lens of alternative denial. The aim of this paper is to show that the latterinterpretation is more accurate. Firstly, it reflects the core of disjunctivism more precisely. Secondly, it reduces metaphysical weight of the claim, thereby making it more plausible.