Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Walka o neuronalne terytoria. Zastosowanie zdobyczy nauk kognitywnych w badaniu naruszeń prawa o ochronie znaków towarowych

100%

Eliasz K.

|

tom 5

43-47

EN

Recently we are facing increasing application of neuroscience in law, however limited to criminal law and crime detection. The idea to implement neuroscience to trademark protection law is quite new and unexplored. There are however experiments that can make us see the problem in a different light. One of them certainly is Morrin/Jacoby experiment which points out how familiar trademarks can confuse consumers brain. Results of this experiment show that judge’s decision can be enriched with the idea of dilution. In connection with the above it seems understandable that pure idea of infringement ceases to be enough. Consequently, a trademark can be both infringed and diluted. Dilution is defined as an unconscious process which occurs when two or more marks use remarkably like logos, or have very similar names. Shall dilution be applied in law? It seems quite an interesting idea, yet it would lead to extreme inflation of law. Moreover, its theoretical bases are quite frail. Taking all the above mentioned doubts it seems reasonable to be reserved about such concepts.

2

Nowy paradygmat podejmowania decyzji – wnioski z neuronauki

89%

Jamka B.

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nr 4

19-26

EN

Deficiencies in economic paradigm tend to look for the alternative solutions. An important problem with this regard is the decision making process which is the essence of management. The achievements of modern science, particularly natural, unambiguously confirms that the decisions are quite often taken outside knowingly and situationally. This disproves the assertion of free will in taking decisions.

PL

Niedostatki paradygmatycznej ekonomii skłaniają do poszukiwań alternatywnych rozwiązań. Jednym z problemów jest podejmowanie decyzji, będących istotą zarządzania. Dorobek współczesnych nauk, w szczególności przyrodniczych, jednoznacznie potwierdza, że decyzje są w istotnej mierze podejmowane pozaświadomie i sytuacyjnie. Obala to twierdzenie o wolnej woli w podejmowaniu decyzji.

3

Graph Model Simulation of Human Brain’s Functional Activity at Resting State by Means of the FD Model

88%

Dulio P. , Finotelli P. , Frosini A. , Pergola E. , Presenti A.

|

tom Vol. 163, nr 1

93--109

EN

It is commonly accepted that the various parts of the human brain interact as a network at macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic level. Recently, different network models have been proposed to mime the brain behavior both at resting state and during tasks: Our study concerns one of those model that consider both the physical and functional connectivity as well as topological metrics of the brain networks. We provide evidence of the soundness of the model by means of a synthetic dataset based on the existing literature concerning the active cerebral areas at the resting state. Furthermore, we consider Ruzicka similarity measure in order to stress the predictive capability of the model and provide a thresholding criterium. Some network statistics are finally provided.

4

Neuroethics and the History of Moral Thought

88%

Lichacz P.

|

2015

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nr 4

34-43

EN

In this paper, the fact that there is no or little history in neuroethics is briefly considered. An open list of reasons explaining this fact is proposed as well as an open list of authors sensitive to history who adopt a critical attitude towards some bold claims expressed by a number of neuroethicists. These reflections are intended to make a humble case for more history in neuroethics.

5

Functional abnormalities in Broca’s area in adolescents with ADHD: A resting-state fMRI study

88%

Pikusa M. , Jończyk R.

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nr 1

163-177

EN

There is evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with linguistic difficulties. However, the pathophysiology underlying these difficulties is yet to be determined. This study investigates functional abnormalities in Broca’s area, which is associated with speech production and processing, in adolescents with ADHD by means of resting-state fMRI. Data for the study was taken from the ADHD-200 project and included 267 ADHD patients (109 with combined inattentive/hyperactive subtype and 158 with inattentive subtype) and 478 typically-developing control (TDC) subjects. An analysis of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which reflects spontaneous neural activity, in Broca’s area (Brodmann Areas 44/45) was performed on the data and the results were compared statistically across the participant groups. fALFF was found to be significantly lower in the ADHD inattentive group as compared to TDC in BA 44, and in the ADHD combined group as compared to TDC in BA 45. The results suggest that there are functional abnormalities in Broca’s area with people suffering from ADHD, and that the localization of these abnormalities might be connected to particular language deficits associated with ADHD subtypes, which we discuss in the article. The findings might help explore the underlying causes of specific language difficulties in ADHD.

6

Medical imaginaries and the future horizons of consciousness physiology in the work of Stanisław Lem

88%

Sierra C. H.

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

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2021

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nr 12

39-53

EN

This article analyses some of the most significant aspects of the exploratory adventure around the physiology of consciousness which the Polish writer Stanisław Lem provides in his science-fiction novels and essays. It is argued that the onto-epistemological and ethical problems associated with the complex mind-brain relationship, the sophisticated medical intervention devices that involve neuronal communication, and the challenges that humankind faces in view of the physical and intellectual evolutionary advance largely determine Lem’s perspective, which is shown to lie between fantastic inventiveness and plausible foresight.

7

Perché Montessori oggi?

88%

Trabalzini P.

|

2013

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nr 4(30)

77-90

EN

The article describes some of the reasons why today in Italy, pedagogy and the Montessori method arise interest both in the academic context as well as among families. In the last century, at the beginning of the nineties, in the academic context, there was a more objective research of historiography on the human and intellectual experience of the Italian pedagogue that brought to the overcoming of the reconstruction through anecdotes. Nowadays families choose the Montessori method because they are looking for a school in which the specificity of each child is respected: the child is considered in the entirety of his person and not only as a pupil. Parents are searching for a school where interest is stirred up and knowledge is the result of a free personal discovery rather than the repetition of a learning already prepared. A democratic school that is neither authoritative nor competitive. The renewed interest for the Montessori method is also supported by the fact that some of its fundamental principles are confirmed by contemporary psychology. For instance, from present researches it emerges that more freedom and more choice, carried out in a prepared educational environment, contribute to better results in learning. Also neurosciences point out that there is a complete harmony between the way the brain represents numbers and the materials proposed by Montessori for the learning of maths.

8

„Dopiero po amputacji będę kompletny” – Body Integrity Identity Disorder jako interdyscyplinarne wyzwanie – zarys problematyki

75%

Dudek M.

|

EN

This article draws attention to the ailment known as Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID). People affected by it are convinced that a particular limb does not correspond to their subjective body image. This discrepancy causing large discomfort is often eliminated through amputations. After selecting predominantly exchanged reasons for amputation of healthy limbs “on demand”, the specificity of the BIID is presented with particular emphasis on current research in broadly understood neuroscience. Research suggests congenital dysfunction of the right superior parietal lobule. The last part of the article lists the examples of the legal, ethical and social problems that may be associated with BIID, while stressing the role of neuroscience in attempts to solve these dilemmas.

9

Synaptic mechanisms of sensory perception

75%

Petersen C.

|

tom 69

|

nr 3

EN

A key goal of modern neuroscience is to understand the neural circuits and the synaptic mechanisms underlying simple forms of sensory perception and associative learning. Here, I will discuss our efforts to characterise sensory processing in the mouse barrel cortex, a brain region known to process tactile information relating to the whiskers on the snout. Each whisker is individually represented in the primary somatosensory neocortex by an anatomical unit termed a “barrel”. The barrels are arranged in a stereotypical map, which allows recordings and manipulations to be targeted with remarkable precision. In this cortical region it may therefore be feasible to gain a quantitative understanding of neocortical function. As a mouse explores its environment, the whiskers are actively moved backwards and forwards as if searching the space for tactile input. Indeed sensory information in this pathway is usually actively acquired. It is therefore crucial to measure and manipulate cortical function in awake behaving mice. We have begun this process using whole-cell recordings, voltage-sensitive dye imaging, viral manipulations and two-photon microscopy. Through combining these techniques with behavioural training, our experiments provide new insight into sensory perception at the level of individual neurons and their synaptic connections.

10

Piotr Francuz (1960–2020) – pro memoria

75%

Brzeziński J. M. , Oleś P. K. , Brzeziński J. M. , Oleś P. K.

|

nr 1

11

Polscy psychologowie nie gęsi i swój język mają

75%

Harciarek M.

|

nr 3

553-564

PL

Punktem wyjścia do dyskusji na temat ewentualnej osobliwości badań naukowych prowadzonych przez psychologów w Polsce oraz kwestii publikowania przez nich prac w rodzimym języku jest otwierający niniejszy numer Roczników Psychologicznych artykuł Jerzego M. Brzezińskiego „O tym, co ważne, gdy myślimy o psychologii w Polsce". Zgadzając się z Autorem uważam, że badania psychologiczne, w odróżnieniu od praktyki psychologicznej, mają charakter globalny, przez co mówienie tu o osobliwości polskich badań nie ma specjalnego sensu, zwłaszcza w przypadku szeroko rozumianej neuronauki. Popieram także wyrażoną przez Brzezińskiego opinię, że oprócz publikowania wyników naszych prac w czasopismach anglojęzycznych winniśmy także opracowywać książki i artykuły w języku polskim. Prezentuję jednak stanowisko, że prace te powinny mieć przede wszystkim status podręczników akademickich i artykułów poglądowych, pisanych przez psychologów z bogatym dorobkiem naukowym, nie zaś studentów czy doktorantów.

EN

Jerzy Brzeziński's article "On What Is Important When We Think of Psychology in Poland," opening this issue of Annals of Psychology, has served as background for the discussion on the potential idiosyncrasy of research conducted by psychologists in Poland as well as on the issue of publishing their scientific works in Polish. I agree with the Author that psychological research, in contrast to psychological practice, has a global character. Thus, speaking about any Polish specificity in this regard seems meaningless, especially when it comes to broadly considered neuroscience. I also agree with the opinion expressed by Jerzy Brzeziński that, in addition to publishing our research results in English, we should additionally write books and scientific articles in Polish. Nonetheless, I believe such works should rather have the status of academic textbooks or review articles, predominantly written by experienced researchers, not by graduate or Ph.D. students.

12

Neurodydaktyczne metody nauczania

75%

Ziółkowski P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki, seria Edukacja - Rodzina - Społeczeństwo

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2019

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nr 4

93-115

EN

The article is devoted to the recently extremely popular subject of neurodidactic teaching methods. Wincenty Okoń in his first edition of the textbook General Teaching (1962) already pointed out that the student then absorbs the most knowledge when active. Today, many people rediscover this statement, encapsulating themselves in the term neurodidactics and pointing to its numerous examples, including mnemotechnics, decision trees, mind maps and more. These and other methods of teaching in the area of neurodyactics are aimed at one thing - to cause the full involvement of the student by activating his brain. And this is what the following considerations are devoted to.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest niezwykle popularnej w ostatnim czasie tematyce neurodydaktycznych metod nauczania. Już Wincenty Okoń w swoim pierwszym wydaniu podręcznika „Dydaktyk ogólna” (1962) zwracał uwagę na fakt, że uczeń wtedy przyswaja najwięcej wiedzy, gdy jest aktywny. Dziś wiele osób odkrywa to stwierdzenie na nowo, obudowując się określeniem neurodydaktyki i wskazując na jej liczne przykłady, m.in. mnemotechniki, drzewka decyzyjne, mapy myśli i inne. Te i inne metody nauczania z obszaru neurodyaktyki mają na celu jedno – spowodować pełne zaangażowanie ucznia poprzez uruchomienie do działania jego mózgu. I temu właśnie poświęcone są poniższe rozważania.

13

POLITYZACJA/MITOLOGIZACJA HISTORII, CZYLI W CZYM NEURONAUKA (I METODOLOGIA) MOŻE POMÓC BADACZOWI HISTORII NAJNOWSZEJ?

75%

POMORSKI J.

|

2017

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tom 4

|

nr 6

15-42

EN

The narratives created by historians with respect to events of the past serve not only the cognitive aims, but may also be used in the current discourse of power and as such be referred to as ‘historical politics’. In such cases the spotlight is no longer on the historical truth, but rather on the ability to legitimize the power exercised by one social group or political party over the rest of the society. The reason why one reaches for historical myth and politicizes historical narrative is that the emotions evoked in the process can access the mind of a common creator of history (homo historicus) much easier compared to historians’ refi ned analysis based on credible sources and proper methodology. From the perspective of historical politics, a historian – being a rational entity aware of its past (homo metahistoricus) – becomes something redundant, an obstacle that has to be silenced, suppressed or removed. All that matt ers is homo historicus, as it is the ballot in his or hers hand that will eventually determine winners and losers on election day. As is known, history writt en by the victors diff ers substantially from the one writt en by the defeated. Having diagnosed this way the situation relating to every historian aware of social responsibility of the results of historical studies, the author underlines that historical narrative may be applied to building both positive and negative social capital. Th e myth and politicization of history act toward dividing a community, rather than uniting it. Th ere is no way to create an eff ectively operating community without referring to past experiences, although when describing those experiences, it is very easy to fall into various traps of historical thinking. For this reason, neuroscience and methodology are of such a great importance to the historian of the 20th Century History.

14

Dogs' aggressive behaviors. Part I. Neurobiological mechanisms and animals' predispositions

75%

Horoszewicz E. , Galas J. , Smolnik K. , Niedziolka R. , Sweklej E.

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nr 1(332)

15

Neuroscience in consumer marketing research. An analysis drawn from the examples of food products

75%

Swierczynska-Kaczor U.

|

nr 2

EN

This article aims to contribute to the discussion about the potential for the implementation of consumer neuroscience into marketing research. This article highlights three areas of consumer neuroscience: methods used by consumer neuroscience, the findings and their interpretations and the ethical aspects. The article has a partly descriptive character as the research area of neuroeconomics or consumer neuroscience is new. To illustrate the investigated problems the selected studies, especially connected with food products, were presented as a review of literature.

PL

Celem prowadzonych w artykule rozważań jest wzbogacenie dyskusji dotyczącej możliwości zastosowania metod neuroobrazowania w badaniach marketingowych. Prowadzone rozważania szczególnie akcentują trzy obszary: metody badawcze, wyniki badań i możliwości ich interpretacji oraz aspekt etyczny. Ze względu na początkową fazę rozwoju neuroekonomii oraz badań marketingowych na podstawie neuroobrazowania artykuł częściowo ma opisowy charakter. W celu zobrazowania prowadzonej dyskusji w artykule zaprezentowano wybrane studia badawcze, szczególnie te powiązane z produktami żywnościowymi.

16

НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ, НЕЙРОДИДАКТИКА И НЕЙРОТЕРАПИЯ – ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РАЗВИТИЯ, ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ПОДДЕРЖКИ В СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПЕДАГОГИКЕ. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ НЕЙРОТЕРАПИИ У ДЕТЕЙ С УМСТВЕННОЙ ОТСТАЛОСТЬЮ И ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ МОЗГА

75%

Ванчова А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

|

nr 7(51)

286-314

EN

The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying opportunities for the application of EEG biofeedback therapy and neural therapy in children with mental disability and brain damage. The study was conducted by measuring the effects and functional changes after the intervention of neural therapy for 10 months as a pre-test and final test at the two children. To measure were used: Wechsler intelligence tests – WISC III, consisting of verbal and nonverbal parts, Meili intelligence tests, registration of observations aimed at identifying deficiencies in the partial functions of Brigitte Sindelar, and Test “Draw a man”. We also use estimates of the parents of these children who were to evaluate changes in the behavior of their children with the help of the Conners scale – questionnaire for parents and questionnaires for parents to EEG biofeedback therapy. Based on the evaluation results of the above tests it is stated that both clients had positive changes in the above subtests, focused on the identification of the individual components of sensory motor skills. In the Wechsler scale of intelligence for children – WISC III they showed improvement in five subtests. In the Meili intelligence test there was noted a positive change in both parts of the test, namely, in visual and in auditory memory. In the test on the detection of deficits in partial functions of Brigitte Sindelar came positive changes, both in visual and in auditory areas. In the Test “Draw a man” (Goodenough-Harris Drawing test) marked improvement in the substantial part of the test and the coordination of sensory motor skills. However, it should be noted that during neurotherapeutic sessions for these clients was provided appropriate comprehensive care that helps to improve general state and work of probands in their lives that undoubtedly, could contribute to the described positive changes. Based on our obtained data, we observe that the use of EEG-biofeedback therapy can be used to a much greater extent than it has so far been applied in practice. Present possibilities of using EEG-biofeedback therapy are focused primarily on the area of hyperactivity, impulsivity or attention. Our study suggests a new application of this therapy in special education. The contribution presents partial results of the projectVEGA 1/0789/14

17

Apple Tree Model of Emotion-Involved Processing: Videos for Emotions and Foreign Language Learning

75%

Kamenická J.

|

2021

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

103-116

EN

Aim. The primary aim of this paper is to present and discuss the Apple-Tree Model of Emotion-Involved Processing in the context of foreign language learning with regard to didactic, neuroscientific, and psychological viewpoints. The proposed model mirrors theories which emphasize the role of emotional experiencing in the process of learning and relate it to the enhancement of cognitive processes. The secondary aim of this paper is to propose examples of application of these theories and recent research findings – with the use of videos in foreign language learning both inside and outside of the classes. Methods. Along with several others, two studies (an action research and experiment), dealing with the role of emotional engagement and positive emotional stimuli, are discussed in more detail. Concerning the action research (Kamenická & Kováčiková, 2019), the subjects of this study were 31 non-native teenage secondary grammar school EFL learners (i.e., 17-18 years old). In this study, the role of emotional engagement in foreign language learning was observed – with regard to learners of various learning styles. Concerning the experiment (Kráľová, Kamenická, & Tirpáková, submitted for publication), it provided both quantitative and qualitative data. Its subjects were 82 non-native first-year university EFL students (i.e., 18-19 years old). The effect of application of positive emotional stimuli during the foreign language classes was observed – with regard to research participants’ vocabulary retention, emotional experiencing, and their autonomic stress response. The qualitative data gathered dealt with research participants’ subjective perception of emotionally competent stimuli applied, vocabulary recall, and experimental classes as such. Results. The analysis of the qualitative data suggests that emotional engagement leads to better motivation to learn among learners, including the reluctant ones. Moreover, the research outcomes suggest that emotionally competent stimuli might be considered as a universal key, when it comes to engagement of learners of various learning styles. Furthermore, the qualitative data analysis also indicates that learners especially appreciate learning the foreign language through topics which are not usually part of school curriculum. The statistical data analysis indicates that positive emotional experiences lead to the increase of both foreign language enjoyment and learners’ foreign language vocabulary retention. Conclusions. The research findings suggest that positive emotional stimulation of FL learners might lead to their increased motivation for learning as well as to better retention of new language items. Furthermore, they also confirm the significant role of the teacher in terms of regulation and responsibility for the learning atmosphere. As nowadays, the FL learning does not take place in classes only, the teachers’ managerial guidance and direction of learners becomes essential more than ever. With regard to these findings, several ideas how to guide learners’ FL learning both inside and outside of class, are proposed – with the use of videos, which are staggeringly omnipresent in everyday lives of nowadays’ society.

18

Affording Our Culture: “Smart” Technology and the Prospects for Creative Democracy

75%

Solymosi T.

|

nr 4(6)

46–69

EN

John Dewey, as Sidney Hook characterized him, was the philosopher of science and freedom. Dewey, as Larry Hickman has demonstrated, was also a philosopher of technology. And, as most people familiar with Dewey know, he was a philosopher of education and democracy. The complex of technology, science, freedom, education and democracy requires re-examination, not only because of our contemporary cultural political situation but also because of our growing insights into the human condition thanks to the technosciences of life, especially human life. Dewey’s philosophical method of reconstruction, equipped with insights from evolutionary neuroscience and ecological psychology, offers means of reconceiving and thus reevaluating our conception of tools and technology within our cultural context. I begin to take up Mark Tschaepe’s challenge to neuropragmatism to counter what he calls “dopamine democracy” – Plato’s critique of democracy resurrected in neural garb coupled with a critical examination of how social media and other so-called “smart” technologies undermine healthy democratic life. Central to this neuropragmatist approach are cultural affordances – opportunities for action humans have created initially for specific purposes and later retrofitted for other ends-in-view. Dewey’s reconstruction – as method as well as the reconstruction of technology, science, freedom, education and democracy as an entangled complex – is thus imagined as our best strategy for achieving the culture of creative democracy.

19

Pierre Morell [1941-2003]

75%

Albrecht J. , Mossakowski M.

|

tom 64

|

nr 2

20

Pojęcie osoby – jedno czy wiele?

71%

Zyzik R.

|

tom 2

EN

The paper posits the thesis that there is more than one concept of the person. Depending on the discipline where it appears, there are legal, neurobiological, philosophical and theological concepts of the person. The concept of the person can be analyzed from four different perspectives. The results suggests that each discipline has its own definition of the person with specific meaning and function.

PL

The paper posits the thesis that there is more than one concept of the person. Depending on the discipline where it appears, there are legal, neurobiological, philosophical and theological concepts of the person.The concept of the person can be analyzed from four different perspectives. The results suggests that each discipline has its own definition of the person with specific meaning and function.