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Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2010
|
tom 66
|
nr 12
s.833-838,bibliogr.
EN
Nanotechnology concerns the study, creation and manipulation of structures, devices, and systems at a nanoscale level. Such materials exhibit unique biological, physical and chemical properties compared to bulk materials, and are readily utilized in modern medicine and industry. Currently silver nanoparticles (SNP) are among the most commonly used nanomaterials due to their antimicrobial properties. Nanosilver can be found in medical devices, filters for water purification and in many consumer products as well. However, some recent studies indicate that nanosilver formulations may be cytotoxic to various types of both animal and human cells. Because their size is similar to cellular components they are able to bypass cell membranes, which results in cytotoxicity, although the exact mechanism of such an interaction is yet to be established. Several studies have reported the accumulation of SNP inside cells and their impact on cell morphology, while many of them claim that nanosilver induces cell necrosis or apoptosis due to decreasing function of mitochondria and catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress. Some reports indicate NPS can affect the physiology of immune competence and even of stem cells, which is of great importance for such crucial biological phenomena as the immunity and fertility of organisms. Taking into consideration all of the above and the fact of growing exposure of human bodies to increasing doses of nanoparticles, there is a real need for evaluating the potential risks of using nanosilver in our everyday lives.
EN
Nanotechnology is one of the new technology with a high number of innovation which founds applications in many fields of engineering and industry, including food production. Nanotechnology in agriculture and food processing includes is used at all stages of the food chain, therein production of pesticides and fertilizers, food quality and safety, and the use of plastics designed for contact with foods such as packaging and anti-bacterial coatings. It creates new materials with unique structure and unusual functional properties whose features may be significantly different compared to their larger counterparts. Nanomaterials are characterized by high reactivity, resulting in new biological properties and their impact on the environment, which both are hard to predict. In this part of the article the agriculture and food nanotechnology are presented, with particular emphasis on the use of metal nanoparticles. Risks associated with the use of nanomaterials and current legislation in the field of nanotechnology are also discussed.
PL
Nanotechnologia jest jedną z nowych technologii, która charakteryzuje się dużą innowacyjnością i potencjałem pozwalającym na aplikacje jej osiągnięć w wielu dziedzinach inżynierii i przemysłu, także w produkcji żywności. Wykorzystanie nanotechnologii w rolnictwie i przetwórstwie spożywczym obejmuje wszystkie etapy łańcucha żywnościowego, m. in. wytwarzanie środków ochrony roślin i nawozów, zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa i jakości żywności oraz zastosowanie tworzyw przeznaczonych do kontaktu z żywnością, w tym opakowań i powłok antybakteryjnych. Nanotechnologia umożliwia wytworzenie materiałów o celowej strukturze i pożądanych cechach użytkowych, których właściwości mogą znacznie odbiegać od cech, ich odpowiedników w większych, stosowanych do tej pory, rozmiarach. Nanomateriały wyróżniają się wysoką reaktywnością, determinującą ich nowe i trudne do przewidzenia właściwości biologiczne oraz wpływ na środowisko naturalne. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono główne kierunki wykorzystania nanotechnologii w przemyśle spożywczym i rolnictwie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zastosowania nanocząstek metali. Omówiono także zagrożenia związane z użyciem nanomaterialów i aktualny stan regulacji prawnych w dziedzinie nanotechnologii.
EN
Neoplastic diseases are increasingly better known. However, their treatment still proves difficult in both human and veterinary medicine. Commonly used cytostatics have numerous limitations due to their high toxicity, nonspecific distribution and numerous adverse effects. Nanobiotechnology is a new method used in cancer therapy. This paper describes the potential use of nanoparticles in cancer treatment. Owing to their specific ability to act as drug carriers, they can be applied in both active and passive targeting. There are several registered nanoparticle-cytostatic combinations, and many others are undergoing clinical trials. Among others, liposomes and other lipid-based particles, drug-connected polymers, polymer microspheres, micelles and dendrimers are used.
PL
W ostatnich latach obserwuje się rosnące zainteresowanie wykorzystaniem nanotechnologii w produkcji materiałów opakowaniowych. Wśród najnowocześniejszych rozwiązań znajdują się opakowania inteligentne, w tym opakowania z wykorzystaniem nanocząsteczek. Nanotechnologia umożliwia wytwarzanie inteligentnych nanosensorów i nanowsporników mogących rejestrować i monitorować zmiany fizykochemiczne oraz mikrobiologiczne zachodzące w otoczeniu produktu.
EN
The development of innovative technologies and increasing consumer demands in relation to minimally processed and safe food create the necessity for working out new and more adequate packaging techniques. One of the most innovative solutions is active and intelligent packaging, including packaging using nanoparticles. Nanotechnology enables production of intelligent nanosensors and nanocantilevers which can register and monitor physicochemical and microbial changes taking place in the product environment.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2010
|
tom 66
|
nr 12
s.847-851,tab.,bibliogr.
EN
Silver nanoparticles (SNP) have been recently one of the most widely utilized nanomaterials, mostly because of their antimicrobial activity. For some time there has been a great interest in SNP of unconventional medicine, which recommends their use not only as an antimicrobial, but also as an immunostimulant. However, little is known about SNP’s impact on immunocompetent cells in vitro. The aim of a present study was to investigate the influence of the colloidal nano-silver solution on the viability and proliferative response of mice peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes and splenocytes in vitro. After isolation cells were cultured in complete RPMI-1640 medium containing 0 (control), 20, 10, 5, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 ppm of SNP, for 24 and 48 h to investigate SNP’s impact on cell viability, and for 72 h to evaluate their effect on the proliferative response of cells. Both parameters were assessed using MTT assay. Obtained results suggest that SNP have significant influence on the both investigated parameters. High doses of SNP significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the viability (concentrations of 5-20 ppm for splenocytes and 2-20 ppm for leukocytes, respectively) and proliferative response of cells (splenocytes: 5-20 ppm, leukocytes: 10-20 ppm) whereas low SNP’s doses slightly increased (p > 0.05) the viability of cells (splenocytes: 1 ppm, leukocytes: 0.2 ppm) and significantly increased stimulation index of both cell types induced by mitogens (splenocytes: 0.2-0.5 ppm, p < 0.05; leukocytes: 0.1-0.5 ppm, p < 0.01). These experimental data constitute an encouragement for further investigations concerning the possibility of therapeutic use of SNP’s low doses.
EN
The objective of the study was to investigate the use of nanoparticles of metals and nanostructures of carbon allotropes as therapeutic and health-promoting agents. It was demonstrated that nanoparticles of silver, copper and platinum, as well as graphene nanoflakes, are toxic to Salmonella enteritldis and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria, among other microorganisms. In experiments with chicken embryos treated in ovo with molecules of silver, gold and diamond nanoparticles with attached amino acids and glycosaminoglycans, enhanced muscle growth and improved morphological structure were observed. Further experiments carried out with glioblastoma cancer cells cultured in ovo demonstrated that nanodiamond had antiangiogenic and anticancer properties. Furthermore, graphene inhibited growth rate and increased apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and caused regression of glioblastoma multiforme. The study demonstrated unique pro-healthy properties of nanoparticles depending on their type and method of application.
EN
Anthracyclines have commonly been used in the treatment of many cancers in humans and animals for more than two decades. Unfortunately, the cardiotoxicity of these drugs and a mechanism of chemoresistance to anthracyclines are the main factors limiting their use. Drug delivery systems (DDS) are of great promise in cancer therapy because they transport anthracyclines to cancer cells via endocytosis. Drugs transported with delivery systems are also less toxic. The best-studied drug carriers are liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, as well as polymeric and viral nanoparticles. They increase the apoptosis/necrosis of cancer cells, but the drugs are less toxic to normal cells and tissues. Modern drug delivery systems can improve anticancer therapy in humans and in animals.
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