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1

“One Thousand Pieces of Eyes”: A Few Notes on Antonín Salač’s 1920–1921 Trip to Greece

100%

De Armond T.

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nr 1-2

169-191

EN

The following paper considers the Czech classical scholar Antonin Salač’s (1885–1960) abortive attempts to network with Greek people and institutions during his first trip to Greece, in 1920–1921. As a scholar from Czechoslovakia, a new country lacking both funding and geopolitical clout, Salač leveraged a wide range of – ultimately, unsuccessful – strategies to create the connections that might support future research in Greece. This paper broadens our conceptions of how classical studies “works”, beyond the success stories of wealthy and powerful states.

2

Rahvatraditsiooni kasutusvoimalustest talurahva ajaloo uurimisel

88%

Tarkiainen Ü.

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tom 65

31-54

EN

The possibilities for using folklore in studying history are directly dependent on the raised problem. In memories about the distant past, reality and fiction are often mixed up, which is why historians may regard the reliability of such stories as low. Still, such folklore shows what was valued, which events were felt to be significant and important. For historians, problems have been posed by the reliability and difficulties in dating the lore. In connection with the emergence of microhistory, more and more attention is being paid to how and what people thought, and it is often very difficult to find answers to this question in written sources. This article observes the possibilities for using historical tradition in the studies of agrarian and settlement history and, more specifically, five narrow topics that concern border markers, the emergence of villages, land use in farms, inheritance matters, and beggars. Oral tradition about the founding of villages and farms and their first settlers is in most cases connected with the periods of war and the plague, immigration of people, or some other extraordinary event. Descriptions of everyday life, which are abundantly found in folk memory, usually speak about well known and familiar things. At the same time, they considerably help to broaden notions of the past and enable to find out the peasants’ attitudes towards and evaluations of one or another event or phenomenon. As a result of taking folklore into consideration, the picture of history becomes much more differentiated and colourful. The folklore that has been observed in this article is closely connected with the village society, and it primarily reveals notions connected with the farm people’s everyday life. Archive sources usually disclose them from quite a different point of view. As a result of the analysis, we have reached the conclusion that the best results are achieved when historical tradition is taken into account for relatively recent events, those that have happened since the second half of the 19th century, and under circumstances in which spatial relationships have not considerably changed. The use of earlier lore is more complicated, although it also enables us to see people’s attitudes, which gives a ‘soul’ to the discussed phenomena. The biggest difference is that archive materials, naturally, do not reflect the reasons hidden in the peasants’ mental world. Namely, this is why the use of folklore enables to provide important extra material for studying settlement and agrarian history, which supplements a rational picture about past events and processes, and enables to open up deeper backgrounds to what happened.

3

A dokąd teraz? Problematyka obozowa w perspektywie jugosłowiańskiej. Przypadek Elviry Kohn

75%

Taczyńska K.

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nr 1

135-158

EN

The text contains an analysis of photographs and personal (written) documents by Elvira Kohn (1914–2003), a Jew and a female prisoner of Kampor concentration camp, established in July 1942 on Rab island in Croatia. The article explores the specific features of a narrative about World War II and the Jewish experience in Yugoslavia which emerge from the materials. Presented so that they complement each other, photographs understood as photo-texts (Marianna Michałowska) and a diary and a poem recognized as inconspicuous texts (Jerzy Strzelczyk, Inga Iwasiów) form Kohn’s personal narrative. The microhistory (Ewa Domańska) of this photographer and writer is presented as material supplementing the knowledge about the past of Jews in Yugoslavia, which – due to the choices Elvira Kohn made in her life and art – can also be considered as evidence of emancipatory social changes of that period, and as an example of overcoming the existing cultural paradigms.

4

Świadkowie zbrodni – druga wojna światowa w egodokumentach polskich dzieci

75%

Zając J.

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nr 12

401-405

EN

The article is a review of an anthology edited by Maciej Wróblewski, which includes the compositions of Polish children (written between 1945 and 1946) about their wartime experiences. The editor argues that the discovered in the archives works of students are unique because they are the record of the experiences of these young Polish people during the Second World War. They have documentary value and potential for the use in historical research.

5

A preliminary study on the Indian Grammar manuscripts of the Āmer Śāstrabhand in Jaipur

75%

Kragh U. T. , Jain A.

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nr 1 (269)

3-21

EN

The study of language and grammar is one of the most fundamental parts of an education, and India has a long and sophisticated tradition of language and grammar teaching (vyākarana) that is as old as the Indian scripts and writing themselves. Starting around the fourth century BCE with the grammatical treatises by Pānini and his commentators, the Indian grammarian tradition developed through several distinct schools of grammar and language study. A historical study of these traditions done on the basis of a normal literary history focused on the places and dates of textual composition yields a chronological overview, where certain major traditions are seen as remaining popular over time through a steady production of new texts, whereas other minor systems become replaced by the development of new schools. In contrast, a microhistorical study that assesses the popularity of the different traditions of grammar by examining their concrete textual representations in a particular manuscript collection reveals a local historical record of the popularity of each system within a specific educational community. The present essay provides a microhistorical study of the Digambara manuscript collection Āmer Śāstrabhandār from Āmer and Jaipur in Rajasthan dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. It contributes to the educational history of India by revealing an unexpected continued popularity of the late medieval Sārasvata grammar tradition in the Jaipur area long after this minor grammatical system otherwise has been thought to have gone out of vogue.

6

Observing and taking notes. Customs of parishioners in a small town in the eyes of the parish priest

63%

Wasyl F.

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2023

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nr 9

218-247

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę spojrzenia na obyczajowość parafian w galicyjskim miasteczku na przełomie XIX i XX w. poprzez pryzmat źródeł proweniencji kościelnej (księgi o charakterze status animarum). Podstawą analiz były komentarze obyczajowe, zamieszczane przez księży w odniesieniu do rodzin i osób zamieszkujących parafię. Pozwoliło to wytypować „przewinienia” obyczajowe (niedostateczna religijność, występki intymne, posiadanie pozamałżeńskiego potomstwa, ułomności ciała i przywary charakteru), a także konwersje na inne wyznania. Autor prezentuje skalę tych „amoralnych postaw” wobec religii i kościoła, a także zarysowuje jako główną przyczynę ich zaistnienia emancypację elit uformowanych w kręgu idei pozytywistycznej nauki.

EN

The article attempts to examine the customs and behaviors of parishioners in a Galician town at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries through the lens of church-related sources (such as “status animarum” books). The analysis is based on the moral commentaries provided by priests regarding the families and individuals residing in the parish. This allowed the identification of “moral transgressions” (lack of religiosity, intimate misconduct, having extramarital offspring, physical disabilities, and character flaws), as well as conversions to other religions. The author presents the extent of these “immoral attitudes” towards religion and the Church, while outlining the main cause of their existence as the emancipation of elites formed within the sphere of positivist scientific ideas.

7

Klasztor wpisany w krajobraz wyspy – s. Agnieszka OCD

38%

Szajda M.

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2016

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tom 6

159-189

EN

Sister Agnieszka is a Carmelite nun, who came to Iceland in 1984 together with few other nuns from Poland to create the one and only Catholic monastery on the Protestant island. In her account sister Agnieszka tells the details about the circumstances of her arrival to somehow "exotic” Iceland and her everyday life in the monastery in Hafnarfjoróur on the background of the changing mentality of the inhabitants of the island. She gives a lot of attention to the large group of Polish migrants who came to Iceland during last two decades mostly to work in the fish industry and the Icelandic and Protestant surroundings of the monastery. Sister Agnieszka repeatedly emphasizes the great friendliness and goodwill that sister get from the Icelanders.