Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Optimisation of high-speed steels chemical composition using the artificial intelligence methods

100%

Sitek W.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 11, No. 1-2

120--133

EN

The main goal of the research carried out was developing the design methodology for the new high-speed steels with the required properties, including hardness and fracture toughness, as the main properties guaranteeing the high durability and quality of tools made from them. It was decided that hardness and fracture toughness KIc are the criteria used during the high-speed steels design. In case of hardness, the statistical and neural netw chemical composition and its heat treatment parameters, i.e., austenitizing- and tempering temperatures. In the second case - high-speed steels fracture toughness, the neural network model was developed, makin it possible to compute the KIc factor based on the steel chemical composition and its heat treatment parameters. The developed material models were used for designing the chemical compositions if the new high-speed steel, demonstrating the desired properties, i.e., hardness and fracture toughness. Methodology was developed to this end, employing the evolutionary algorithms, multicriteria optimisation of the high-speed steels chemical composition.

2

WHILE CURIOSITY KILLED THE CAT ... WASN’T IT SATISFACTION THAT BROUGHT IT BACK? – EAPQUEST AS A MODIFIED VERSION OF WEBQUEST IN THE CONTEXT OF UNIVERSITY TEACHING

100%

Burzyńska K.

Teaching English with Technology

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2012

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tom 12

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nr 4

48-67

EN

The Internet provides a powerful digital learning environment for language acquisition and noticing. Thus implementation of challenging tasks to be solved by exploring the Web may sound appealing. The primary idea of the WebQuest project emphasizes data collection. The idea of the TalenQuest, however, goes beyond this traditional concept so as to draw on the richness of both ELT materials and authentic resources in terms of the target language. Consequently, TalenQuest activities may constitute effective SLA activities. Doing a web-based second language research should therefore result in enhancing one’s language areas and developing language skills. Taking all the possible advantages which may derive from taking part in a TalenQuest project into account, the implementation of this activity format in university contexts seems justified. There is a need, nevertheless, to customize the idea of TalenQuest for academic language learning specifically. Such an activity format, the EAPQuest, may have educational and motivational value especially when learners are confronted with tasks they find challenging. Writing an academic essay definitely matches the description. The aim of the article is therefore to present the concept of the EAPQuest as a motivating tool to train web-related language skills. Furthermore, an EAPQuest is sketched so as to illustrate a sample procedure. This may serve as a stimulus for designing materials and applying similar procedures into one’s own learning environment.

3

A SHORT IS WORTH A THOUSAND FILMS!

100%

Massi M. P. , Blázquez B. A.

Teaching English with Technology

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2012

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tom 12

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nr 3

62-86

EN

The importance of visual input in the contemporary ELT classroom is such that it is commonplace to use audiovisual elements provided by pictures, films, clips and the like. The power of images is unquestionable, and as the old saying goes, an image is worth a thousand words. Following this line of reasoning, the objective of this article is to discuss the potential of one particular type of audiovisual material – live action shorts – in the ELT context. In the first section, reference to previous work is made. Then, the article explores the main features of live action shorts. In the second part possible uses are discussed and a descriptive framework is sketched so that it can be used systematically as a tool for analysis and language exploitation. The overall idea is to focus on shorts not as a complement or decoration but as the starting point of ELT lessons.

4

Artificial intelligence and virtual environment application for materials design methodology

100%

Dobrzański L. A. , Honysz R.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 11, No. 1-2

102--119

EN

The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for material design. This methogology will enabling the selection of production descriptors to ensure the required mechanical properties of structural steels specified by the designer of machinery and equipment. The selection is performed by using a computational model developed with use of artificial intelligence methods and virtual environment. The model is designed to provide impact examinations of these factors on the mechanical properties of steel only in the computing environment. Virtual computing environment allows full usage of the developed intelligent model of non-alloy and alloy structural steel properties and provides an easy, intuitive and user-friendly way to designate these properties for products after heat and plastic treatment. Also, very easy is the determination of chemical composition, treatment conditions and geometric dimensions on the basis of the steels mechanical properties. The proposed solutions allow the usage of developed virtual environment as a new medium in both, the scientific work performed remotely, as well as in education during classes. It is also possible the extension of this model to other groups of materials, not just for steel.

5

‘Are you going to go?’ Putting a pedagogical grammar rule under the corpus spotlight

88%

BURTON G.

Glottodidactica

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2021

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tom 48

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nr 1

7-26

EN

A rule stating that we tend to avoid using go and come after the future marker going to appears again and again in many coursebooks and grammars used in English Language Teaching, and has done for decades. This article attempts to show, using empirical evidence from corpora, why the rule is inaccurate, and different ways that this might be established. As the rule under consideration is typically framed as a tendency (like many other pedagogical grammar rules), an additional aim of the work is to outline the kinds of corpus analyses researchers and materials designers can potentially use in order to investigate the question of (claimed) linguistic tendencies. The article concludes by discussing why a rule that is apparently inaccurate nevertheless appears again and again in print, arguing that the existence of a well-established and widely-accepted ‘canon’ of ELT grammar means that such inaccuracies in descriptions of grammar can be easily perpetuated

6

Experimental study and modelling of mixed particulate lubrication with MoS2 powder solid lubricant

88%

Wiśniewska-Weinert H.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 49, nr 2

467--476

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is experimental study and modelling of mixed particulate lubrication with MoS2 powder solid lubricant. Design/methodology/approach: In the present investigation, ball-on-disc experiments were carried out to determine the lubrication performance of MoS2 solid lubricant powder that could be used for hard PVD coatings applied for forging and stamping tools. Findings: The proposed solid lubricant nano- and submicroparticles mixture demonstrates excellent potential for use in mixed lubrication regimes The quasi-hydrodynamic behaviour of solid lubricant and wear debris particles results in low friction coefficients of hard coating - steel ball friction pairs. Research limitations/implications: The solid lubricant particle exfoliation and formation of tribofilms on micro-asperities allow to achieve the boundary lubrication effects which is found to more preferable for steel contacts rather than for hard coatings. Originality/value: The model of mixed lubrication based on non Newtonian behaviour of powder solid lubricant was validated based on the experimental results. Results of calculation of Stribeck curves demonstrate the potential of modelling of friction process by sharing boundary and quasi-hydrodynamic processes.

7

Artificial intelligence and virtual environment application for materials design methodology

75%

Dobrzański L. A. , Honysz R.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2010

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tom Vol. 45, nr 2

69-105

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for material design, enabling the selection of the chemical elements concentration, heat and plastic treatment conditions and geometrical dimensions to ensure the required mechanical properties of structural steels specified by the designer of machinery and equipment as the basis for the design of material components manufactured from these steels, by using a computational model developed with use of artificial intelligence methods and virtual environment. The model is designed to provide impact examinations of these factors on the mechanical properties of steel only in the computing environment. Design/methodology/approach: A virtual research environment built with use of computational model describing relationships between chemical composition, heat and plastic treatment conditions and product geometric dimensions and mechanical properties of the examined group of steel was developed and practical applied. This model enables the design of new structural steel by setting the values of mechanical properties based on material production descriptors and allows the selection of production descriptors on the basis of the mechanical properties without the need for additional tests or experimental studies in reality. Findings: Virtual computing environment allows full usage of the developed intelligent model of non-alloy and alloy structural steel properties and provides an easy, intuitive and user-friendly way to designate manufacturing descriptors and mechanical properties for products. Research limitations/implications:The proposed solutions allow the usage of developed virtual environment as a new medium in both, the scientific work performed remotely, as well as in education during classes. Practical implications: The new material design methodology has practical application in the development of materials and modelling of steel descriptors in aim to improve the mechanical properties and specific applications in the production of steel. Presented examples of computer aid in structural steel production showing a potential application possibility of this methodology to support the production of any group of engineering materials. Originality/value: The prediction possibility of the material mechanical properties is valuable for manufacturers and constructors. It ensures the customers quality requirements and brings also measurable financial advantages.

8

Supporting young L2 English learners with word recognition: design of early reading materials

63%

Ellis M.

Neofilolog

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2022

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nr 59/2

126-143

EN

This theoretical article presents a case for a new approach to the teaching of word recognition in English as a foreign language to young learners in Polish early years education, arguing that there is a need for greater attention to explicit instruction in alphabetic principles, selected phonics and decoding skills. Research in first language (L1) English and foreign language (L2) development of word recognition skills is outlined. Differences between the orthographies of Polish and English are highlighted. Approaches used in L1 early reading instruction are contrasted with those commonly applied in L2 settings. The need for more explicit instruction is rationalized on the basis of a brief description of impressions from 20 hours of classroom observation. The second part of the paper presents some principles for the design of materials to introduce alphabetic principles of English and elements of phonics to support word recognition, with examples. The ability to recognize words rapidly and with ease is a key skill, which, unless mastered early, could potentially have a negative impact on the whole of a child’s language education.

9

Analysis of composite structural elements

63%

Baier A. , Majzner M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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tom Vol. 43, nr 2

577--585

EN

Purpose: The themes of the study are composite structural components. For this purpose have been designed and built several research positions. Design/methodology/approach: Using different structural materials to build new device components requires multiple tests of the components. Research posts were designed in the advanced graphical program CAx Siemens NX 7.5. Analysed samples were made from the glass fibre, aramid and carbon of various weights. Due to the specific use of composite materials it focuses on the elements in the form of plates and flat bars. For the examination of experimental strain gauge technique was used bead, the force sensor and displacement sensor. The experimental methods were compared with computer simulation using the FEM. Findings: The aim of this study was to determine the basic material constants and a comparison of the experimental method and the method of computer simulation. Research limitations/implications: Change the number of layers and how to connect the laminate with the steel plate changes mechanical properties of the structural component. Practical implications: The ultimate result will be knowledge on the different forms of laminates, such as material properties, the stresses in all layers, strain and comparing the results obtained by two methods. Originality/value: The expected outcome of the study will be the composition and method of joining composite laminate with a steel plate to the possible application in the repair and construction of structural elements of freight wagons.

10

Application of feature method to the modelling of composite structural elements

63%

Beier A. , Majzner M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2011

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tom Vol. 45, nr 1

30--38

EN

Purpose: The paper describes the use of object-oriented methods in modelling and analysis of components made of fibre-based composites. Defined and specified the method for creating fibre primitives. An algorithm for the design of composite structures using object-oriented methods. Design/methodology/approach: The basic tool is an algorithm to build fibre facilities. Material properties can be found in the previously created databases of material objects. The whole is linked to the relevant formulas and diagrams. Findings: The basis for the introduction of object-oriented method was to systematize the processes of modelling and analysis of composite materials. Application issue features possible to determine the final form of composite structure. Research limitations/implications: Research direction is to create tools to support the work of the constructor during the construction of composite components. Material created a database of individual components of laminates, allows to build optimal in terms of established criteria of composite elements. Practical implications: The practical aspect of using object-oriented method is to use it to define the structure of the laminates. At the modelling stage it is possible to perform the parameterization formula of each phase of the composite. This recipe is especially important during the manufacture of composites. Originality/value: The paper presents a new approach to modelling of composites by defining a new elementary objects forming the basis for during the composite design process. Algorithms used in the work are particularly important for designers of new technical components made on the basis of fibre composites.

11

Phosphorus in iron alloys surface engineering

63%

Nowacki J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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tom Vol. 24, nr 1

57-67

EN

Purpose: Purpose consideration of role of phosphorus in iron alloys surface engineering and relations of the iron phosphides layers growth parameters in processes of phosphorising, phosphorcarburising, and phosphonitriding with their structure and properties. Design/methodology/approach: The layers were generated on a base of Armco iron and 0.4%C, 1.1% Cr steel as a result of annealing in a mixture of argon or carburising, nitriding atmosphere and phosphorus vapours in: temperature T = 700 - 1170 K, phosphorus partial pressure p = 0.1 - 20 kPa, process duration t = 3.6 - 21.6 ks. The diffusion layers were investigated by means of the methods: metallographic, X - ray structural analysis, microanalysis, Vickers and wear dry friction resistance tests. Findings: Formation of compact layer of phosphides with the adjustable relation of Fe3P to Fe2P was described; means of growth and kinetics of iron phosphides layers and phosphocarburised and phosphonitrided were explained, it was found that iron phosphides presence in steel surface increases its hardness and resistance to wear. Research limitations/implications: Research implications it was found that nucleation Fe3P crystals starts in areas of surface being found in a certain distance from iron grains boundaries and the growth process of iron phosphide continuous layers is an effect of iron diffusion through phosphide layer from the core towards the surface. In advanced phases of the iron phosphide layer growth, a gap between the layer and the base is created as a process of degradation of the base layer interface. Practical implications: it has found that the obtained layers are new kind of composites diffusive layers with iron phosphide particles generated as a result of phosphorising, phosphorcarburising or phosphonitriding with very promising tribobiological properties. Originality/value: An original value of the paper is description of the formation elementary processes, structure and properties of the layers.

12

Friction materials operating under high stress, cryogenic temperature, and in vacuum

63%

Piec Z. , Nowacki J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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tom Vol. 18, nr 1-2

15--24

EN

Purpose: of this paper was to select interfacial materials to provide friction coefficients less than μ= 0.3 which remain at this level during the machine lifetime. This material must withstand cycling motion under pressures up to 80 MPa, at 77 K, and in vacuum of 10-4 Pa. Design/methodology/approach: In the described work, experiments were conducted to determine the friction coefficient and the wear of several low friction materials. The test rig consists of a cryogenic sample holder enclosed in vacuum chamber installed into a servo-hydraulic test machine (M.T.S.). The friction coefficients have been measured cycling the samples (1,960 mm2) for about 38,000 cycles at normal pressure up to 80 MPa, sliding speed of 0.1 m/min, at 77 K, and under vacuum of 10-4 Pa. Findings: The Fiberslip B40 (woven multifilament of PTFE and glass) was selected as the best candidate material. It exhibited a friction coefficient of approximately μ = 0.22, and low wear rate was obtained. The maximum value of the friction coefficient is reached after few thousand cycles and then remains fairly constant. Research limitations/implications: Further studies on relative sliding/sticking at magnets interfaces as well as predicting the heating due to frictional forces are required. Practical implications: application of the selected material is possible in large friction interfaces operating under high compression stress, cryogenic temperature, and in vacuum one can meet in nuclear power stations. Originality/value: The experimental program verified the testing methodology, and techniques selected for measurement of coefficient of friction and wear for the friction pairs with large contact area, which are operated at temperature of 77 K, under high contact pressure and in vacuum.

13

Skeleton castings dynamic load resistance

63%

Cholewa M. , Szajnar J. , Szuter T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2013

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tom Vol. 58, nr 2

94--98

EN

Purpose: The article is to show selected results of research in a field of new type of cast spatial composite reinforcements. This article shows skeleton casting case as a particular approach to continuous, spatial composite reinforcement. Design/methodology/approach: The research is concerning properties of cast spatial microlattice structures called skeleton castings. In this paper results of impact test of skeleton casting with octahedron elementary cell were shown. The selection of internal topology of skeleton casting was based on numerical simulations of stress distribution. Findings: The possibility of manufacturing of geometrically complex skeleton castings without use of advanced techniques was confirmed. Research limitations/implications: With use of computer tomography, analysis of deformation mechanisms was carried out. Different levels of impact energies were used. Practical implications: Spatial skeleton casting with octahedron elementary cell confirmed their usefulness as impact energy absorbers. Originality/value: The overall aim of presented research was to determine the mechanisms of skeleton castings deformation processes. Thanks to CT data next step will be to create accurate numerical model for further simulation and design optimization.

14

New approach to study tribological properties of polymer materials. A case of car windshield wipers

63%

Bielinski D. M. , Glab P. , Slusarski L.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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tom Vol. 15, nr 1-2

71--78

EN

Purpose: Existing approach to tribology of polymer materials does not take into account their composition and structure. This paper presents the original analysis of friction characteristics, enabling an insight from the material engineering point of view. Design/methodology/approach: Apart friction also dissipation energy spectra have been analyzed. For transformation of friction fluctuations from the force into the frequency domain the FFT methodology has been applied. Parameters for evaluation of friction and wear have been proposed. Results of bench tests have been verified by examinations of wiper blades under conditions simulating real exploitation, adapting a system of car window cleaning. Power consumption by a driving engine has been monitored. Findings: Various kinds of modifications, influencing composition and structure of polymer materials have been studied. Ageing and wear resistance have been found to be the most important from the point of view of working properties of blades. They influence the efficiency of water removal from a car window. Research limitations/implications: Different blade designs have to be checked working under various conditions. Practical implications: A correlation between tribological properties and structure of polymer materials has to be taken into account at the stage of their compounding and processing. The proposed method for testing car windshield wiper blades is more appropriate than standards used so far, enabling quantitative assessment of products. Originality/value: The paper helps to understand materials engineering aspects of tribology. It is of potential value for producers of polymer parts.

15

Mechanical properties of silver matrix composites reinfroced with ceramic particles

63%

Śleziona J. , Wieczorek J. , Dyzia M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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tom Vol. 17, nr 1-2

165--168

EN

Purpose: Silver, silver alloys, as well as silver matrix based composites have been well known and applied in the electrotechnical and electronics industry for several decades. For many applications in electrotechnology, including electric contacts and brushes, unreinforced sliver alloys do not meet the requirements concerning mainly durability and wear resistance, first of all to tribological and electroerosive wear. These wear processes may be prevented by introducing to silver reinforcement particles and alloys. The target of the research included basic mechanical properties determination of the silver matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles, manufactured with the use of suspension methods. Design/methodology/approach: In the presented paper the authors demonstrate possibilities of manufacturing of silver matrix composites on the way of casting technology utilization. Findings: The results of the research prove that applied suspension technology, based on introducing of agglomerated foundry alloy which is the carrier for reinforcement particles (SiC lub Al2O3) allows to produce in an effective and, what is important, in an economically attractive way, sliver alloys based composites. Research limitations/implications: The researches on the structure of manufactured composites and their mechanical properties that are presented in the paper prove the possibilities of mechanical mixing technology application for producing mechanical and stable connection between silver matrix and ceramic particles of aluminium oxide and silicon carbide. Originality/value: The manufacturing of this type of composites is based most of all on the utilization of powder metallurgy techniques. However the obtained results of the research prove that there is a possibility of silver matrix composites forming in the casting and plastic working processes. Extrusion process carried out in the hydraulic press KOBO has its favourably influence on ceramic reinforcement distribution, providing even distribution particles in matrix.

16

Optymalizacja składu chemicznego stali szybkotnących z wykorzystaniem metod sztucznej inteligencji

51%

Sitek W.

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tom Vol. 79, nr 2

109--114

PL

Głównym celem wykonanych badań było opracowanie metodyki optymalizacji składu chemicznego stali szybkotnących ze względu na wymagane własności, w tym twardość i odporność na pękanie wyrażoną wartością współczynnika KIc, jako głównych własności gwarantujących wysoką trwałość i jakość narzędzi. Zadanie to wymagało opracowania modeli twardości i odporności na pękanie. W przypadku twardości opracowano model regresyjny oraz model sieci neuronowych umożliwiające obliczanie twardości stali wyłącznie na podstawie składu chemicznego stali i parametrów obróbki cieplnej, tj. temperatury austenityzacji i odpuszczania. W przypadku odporności na pękanie opracowany został model sieci neuronowych umożliwiający obliczanie współczynnika KIc na podstawie składu chemicznego stali i parametrów obróbki cieplnej. Opracowane modele materiałowe zostały wykorzystywane do projektowania składu chemicznego stali, posiadającej pożądane właściwości. Opracowana do tego celu metodyka wykorzystuje algorytmy ewolucyjne wielokryterialnej optymalizacji składu chemicznego stali szybkotnących.

EN

The main objective of this study was development the methodology to optimize the chemical composition of high speed steel because of the required properties, including hardness and fracture toughness KIc as the main properties that ensure high durability and quality of tools. This task required the development of models of hardness and fracture toughness. In the case of hardness regression model and neural network model for calculation of the hardness have been developed. These models enabled calculation of steel’s hardness on the basis of chemical composition of steel and heat treatment parameters, ie, austenitizing temperature and tempering. In the case of fracture toughness has been developed neural network model that allows calculation of the coefficient KIc on the basis of chemical composition of steel and heat treatment parameters. Materials models developed have been used to design the chemical composition of steel, having the required properties. Developed for this purpose, the methodology uses evolutionary algorithms to optimize the chemical composition of high-speed steels.

17

Evaluation of chemical composition effect on materials properties using Al methods

51%

Sitek W. , Trzaska J. , Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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tom Vol. 20, nr 1-2

379-382

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the application of artificial neural network for evaluation of alloying elements effect on selected materials properties and austenite transformations during continuous cooling. Design/methodology/approach: Multi-layer feedforward neural networks with learning rule based on the error backpropagation algorithm were employed for modelling the steels properties. Then the neural networks worked out were employed for the computer simulation of the effect of particular alloying elements on the steels' properties. Findings: Obtained results show that neural network are useful in evaluation of synergic effect of alloying elements on selected materials properties when classical investigations' results do not provide evaluation of the effect of two or more alloying elements. Research limitations/implications: The results presented are valid in the ranges of mass concentrations of alloying elements presented in the paper. Practical implications: The worked out relationship may be used in computer systems of steels' designing for the heat-treated machine parts. Originality/value: The use of the neural networks as an tool for evaluation of the chemical composition effect on steels' properties.

18

Projektowanie materiałowe jako podstawowy cel inżynierii materiałowej

51%

Dobrzański L. A.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2005

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tom R. 50, nr 6

296-311

PL

Artykuł dotyczy roli projektowania materiałowego w projektowaniu inżynierskim produktów i procesów ich wytwarzania. Przedstawiono znaczenie rozwoju materiałów inżynierskich dla postępu cywilizacyjnego na przestrzeni dziejów oraz światowe tendencje rozwojowe nauki o materiałach i inżynierii materiałowej w pierwszych dziesięcioleciach XXI wieku. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na interdyscyplinarny charakter omawianej dyscypliny nauki oraz przedstawiono zakres jej zainteresowań. Podstawowym celem nauki o materiałach i inżynierii materiałowej jest dobór materiałów zapewniających wymagane funkcje i własności użytkowe wytwarzanych z nich produktów. Wyznaczono zadania tej dyscypliny nauki w priorytetowych sferach rozwoju światowego, do których zaliczono poprawę warunków życia, system ochrony zdrowia, komunikację i przesył informacji, rozwój dobór konsumpcyjnych oraz transport. Wśród kierunków działań nauki o materiałach i inżynierii materiałowej, zapewniających osiągnięcie celów strategicznych rozwoju społeczeństw wymieniono projektowanie materiałowe, komputerową naukę o materiałach, rozwinięte techniki analityczne, wytwarzanie i przetwórstwo, nanomateriały oraz materiały inteligentne i biomimetyczne. Porównano również podstawowe własności różnych grup materiałów inżynierskich z materiałami metalowymi, jak również przeanalizowano koszty materiałów i wytwarzanych z nich produktów. W podsumowaniu wskazano na znaczenie nauki o materiałach i inżynierii materiałowej oraz projektowania materiałowego w osiąganiu nowoczesnego postępu technologicznego i zapewnieniu dobrobytu społeczeństw w przyszłości.

EN

The paper deals with the role of materials selection for engineering design of products and their manufacturing processes. The significance of engineering materials development for the civilization progress during centuries and world developmental tendencies of materials science and engineering in the first decades of the 21 st century are presented. The special attention is taken to the interdisciplinary character of science and its area of interest are described. The fundamental aim of materials science and engineering is materials selection ensuring required functions and application properties of products which are manufactured out of them. The tasks of that field of science in priority spheres of the world development including the improvement of life conditions, health protection system, communication and information delivery, the development of consumer goods and transport are determined. Among the directions ofactivities ofmaterials science and engineering ensuring the achievements of strategic aims of the developments of societies, materials design, computational materials science, advanced analytical methods, manufacturing and processing, nano-, smart and biomimetic materials have been pointed out. Moreover, the fundamental properties of various engineering materials have been compared with metal materials, and also costs of materials and products made of them have been analysed. In conclusions the significance of materials science and engineering and materials design in the achievement of modern technological development and assurance of society prosperity in the future have been pointed out.