Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Między średnią a późną dorosłością – zajęcia dla „seniorów 50+”

100%

Sienkiewicz-Wilowska J. A.

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nr 9

119-131

EN

The article analyzes occurrences related to conducting classes for “seniors 50+”, targets of the design of such an offer and the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. These issues are considered in the context of the theory associated with aging, as well as with the changes which are taking place in society. In conclusion it has been shown that these activities can play a preventive and developmentoriented function.

2

Późna dorosłość z perspektywy logopedii

92%

Milewski S. , Kaczorowska-Bray K. , Kamińska B.

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2016

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tom 28

EN

Observed demographic changes mean that we are becoming a ‘greying society.’ This makes it necessary to introduce new curriculum content in the vocational training of speech therapists and creates a need for specialists in the area of therapy and functional assistance of seniors. At the same time, this indicates the need for conducting extensive studies in the field of gerontological linguistics, concerning the particularities of speech related to age as well as the specific features of communication with the elderly. In this speech the authors would like to discuss one of the directions of research on language phenomena related to old age, i.e. research on the particular manner of communication of those in the senior’s close environment (family, doctors, therapists, among others) with the senior. The style of communication with a person of senior age, being a result of social stereotypes of elderly people, may increase their discomfort and indicate paternalistic and condescending treatment of those in the highest age group. This may even be a sign of ageism, i.e. social discrimination based on people’s age.

3

THE SPEECH RATE OF PEOPLE AT AN ADVANCED OLD AGE

81%

Michalik M. , Kaczorowska-Bray K. , Milewski S. , Solak A.

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tom 16(2)

167-175

EN

The aim of the article was to evaluate the rate of speech of people at an advanced old age and without any demential illnesses when compared to the control group of 9-years-old children without any developmental disorders. Because of the fact that the control group consisted of children, we have also made references to the notion of elderspeak – a phenomenon similar to the baby-talk – but related to the way younger people talk to senior citizens. We tested the rate of speech in 32 subjects: the experimental group comprising 16 healthy people of an advanced old age without any neurodevelopmental illnesses (the average age: 83.1) and the control group, which included 16 children without any developmental disorders (the average age: 9.0) in order to achieve a correlation in terms of the male/female ratio for the comparative analysis. The analysed parameters included: the speaking rate, the articulation rate, the numer of pauses, and the ratio of pauses within the speech samples. The estimative quantitative analysis showed insignificant differences in the parameters that influence the rate of speech in both groups. The statistical analysis also showed that there were no significant differences in the main research parameters – the speaking rate, the articulation rate, the number of pauses, and the ratio of pauses. The research hypotheses regarding the differences in the speech rate of those at an advanced old age and of the children at the age of 9 were negated by the results of the ana lyses. It has been proven that the rate of speech of the elderly who age physiologically does not differ from the rate of speech production by the children.

4

Późna dorosłość jako motyw przekazów reklamowych w kontekście psychologii pozytywnej

81%

Dudziak A.

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nr 2

19-30

EN

The increased scientific interest in late adulthood, as well as in intergenerational relations of the elderly, finds particular justification in the current demographic situation in Europe and Poland. The subject of the study is old age functioning as a motif of advertising messages. The reflections concern the psychological-positive alternative to the phenomenon of generating a stereotype of the elderly in advertising. The stereotyping of the advertising image of people at the existential stage of late adulthood poses a danger of increasing ageism in the media space and in colloquial social consciousness. The postulated form of counteracting ageism is education in the aspect of developmental changes in late adulthood (including through the dissemination of reliable knowledge about the aging process in social communication), taking into account the current state of research on the intergenerational potential of older people, i.e. wisdom, quality of life.

5

Discovering subjectivity: A subjective world of meanings in the stories of the twilight of life

81%

Zagórska W.

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2017

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nr 1

51-65

EN

Pointing to the subjective nature of human life, theorists argue that only in a dialogue with another person does the human disclose meanings important to him or her. The interpretation and analysis of stories with regard to the included subjective meanings included in them as manifestations of human subjectivity seem to be the most effective when undertaken in the hermeneutic approach where psychology and philosophy meet. In the paper advantages of a self-narrative method based on the principles of hermeneutic psychology have been presented. This method has been applied to analyse the stories told by ten persons of senior age and obtained through a narrative interview. This analysis has served to verify the mentioned method, to recognise the respondents’ subjective world of meanings as well as to deepen the reflection on the subjective nature of human life. The exemplary analysis of two out of ten self-narratives obtained in the research have been presented in the article. Similarly to the theoretical reflection included in the text, the research results join the ongoing discussion in contemporary psychology over the legitimacy of the use of qualitative methods.

6

Temporal perspective and the transmission of life experience in senility

70%

Dryll E. , Tokarska U. , Cierpka A.

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nr Special issue

19-39

EN

The article presents the relationship between temporal perspective and wisdom transmission of the people in late adulthood to the younger generation. The participants were asked to write a short “Letter to a grandchild”. The letters written by 119 participants aged over 60 years old were analyzed qualititavely in terms of content and form, using categories from previous studies (Dryll, Tokarska, Cierpka, 2016). In order to assess temporal perspective the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) by Philip G. Zimbardo and John Boyd was used (adaptation by Aneta Przepiórka, Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska and Tomasz Jankowski, 2016). A number of dependencies between transmission characteristics and temporal perspective scales was observed. The results follow a characteristic pattern where instead of the focus on timing (past, present, and future), an attitude (positive or negative) seems to be more important. The results do not support the concept of a balanced temporal perspective, which can be explained by cultural differences as well as developmental characteristics of the participants.

7

Cognitive involution and adaptive processes in late adulthood

58%

Matyjasek A.

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nr 1

PL

Zmiany o charakterze inwolucyjnym są normatywnym skutkiem starzenia się organizmu. Przejawiają się przekształceniami w budowie tkanek i narządów. Zachodząca wraz z wiekiem reorganizacja ogólnoustrojowa przekłada się na funkcje (zmianę aktywności hormonalnej i ilości neurotransmiterów) i strukturę (stopniowy ubytek masy mózgowia) ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Wykładnikami zmian neurobiologicznych jednostki są jej możliwości kognitywne, które współcześnie rozpatruje się jako wskaźnik potencjału i plastyczności mózgu. Jako teoretyczną podstawę opisu przyjęto model selektywnej optymalizacji i kompensacji oraz koncepcję regulacyjno-adaptacyjną, zgodnie z którymi zmiany zachodzące w okresie senioralnym wynikają z naturalnych przeobrażeń i można je uznać za miarę możliwości przystosowawczych jednostki. Artykuł stanowi propozycję spojrzenia na okres późnej dorosłości z perspektywy posiadanych zasobów, co w wymiarze praktycznym implikuje do prowadzenia działań edukacyjnych i usprawniających, podnoszących jakość życia seniorów.

EN

Involution changes are normative consequences of ageing of the organism. They are observed through transformations in the structure of tissues and organs. As age increases, the systemic reorganisation affects the functions (changes in hormonal activity and the number of neurotransmitters) and the structure (gradual brain shrinking) of the central nervous system (CNS). Neurobiological changes are visible in one’s cognitive capabilities, which are nowadays seen as the index of a brain’s potential and plasticity. As a theoretical basis, the model of selective optimisation with compensation and the adaptive-regulatory theory are used. According to them, changes in the elderly age result from natural processes and can be considered as the measures of individual adaptive capability. Taking into consideration the resources possessed in the late adulthood, this article presents a particular point of view on such a topic. Practically speaking, it implies the need to conduct educational and rationalising actions that will improve the living standard of elderly people.

8

AUTOPERCEPCJA DOJRZAŁYCH KOBIET

47%

Szarota Z. , Łaszyn J.

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2012

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nr 2

83-101

PL

Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na tożsamość kobiet znajdujących się w fazie późnej dojrzałości oraz starości przez pryzmat stereotypów społecznych dotyczących starości. Badaniami objęto kobiety skupione w Uniwersytecie Złotego Wieku w Gorlicach, a także grupę studentów Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego. Analizie poddano konstruowaną w toku interakcji społecznych koncepcję siebie dojrzałej kobiety. W oparciu o deklaracje kobiet określono ich zakres aktywności, stosunek do własnej starości/ starzenia się oraz do zmian zachodzących w ich wyglądzie zewnętrznym.

EN

The article is an attempt of getting an insight into identity of a woman who experiences her advanced adulthood and old age stage through the prism of social stereotypes concerning the senility. The research surveyed women attending the University of the Golden Age in the town of Gorlice and also a group of students of the Pedagogical University. The research focused on the analysis of the mature woman’s self-concept constructed in the course of social interaction. On the basis of the women’s declarations their activities range, attitude towards old age and growing old as well as the changes of the appearance have been defined.