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1
Content available remote Intelligibility within a Modified CLIL Framework
100%
Nikolić D.
Glottodidactica
|
2017
|
tom 44
|
nr 1
119-130
PL
The paper provides a brief summary of what CLIL is and why it is regarded as a mainstreampedagogical approach today. The paper’s aim is to state the significance of language withinZydatiß’ modified version of 4Cs framework of CLIL and to recommend the re-modified 4Csframework of CLIL. The paper further stresses the importance of pronunciation for communicationfocusing on intelligibility as a necessary linguistic category arguing that intelligibility should become an essential part of communication within CLIL. The paper also lists the important implications for the further proceedings in this direction.
2
Content available Analysis of Acoustical Characteristics and Some Recommendations for Different Educational Rooms
92%
Escobar V. G. , Morillas J. M. B.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2011
|
tom Vol. 36, No. 4
741-759
EN
Acoustic parameters were analysed in nine auditoria and multi-purpose conference rooms in the University of Extremadura. Parameters related to the reverberation time, background noise, and intelligibility (both physical measurements of different parameters [Definition (D-50) and STI] and speech tests used to study the subjective response of listeners) were studied. The measurements were compared with some recommendations from the literature and, considering that speech was the main use of the studied rooms, with the intelligibility results. Some different recommendations for reverberation times taken from the literature were analysed. The intelligibility results obtained from the measurements were also compared with the intelligibility results that were determined by the speech tests.
3
Content available Intelligibility Threshold for Cued Speech in H.264 Video Conference
92%
Heribanová P. , Polec J. , Poctavek J. , Mordelová A.
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
|
2011
|
tom Vol. 57, No. 3
383-387
EN
This paper discusses the cued speech recognition methods in videoconference. Cued speech is a specific gesture language that is used for communication between deaf people. We define the criteria for sentence intelligibility according to answers of testing subjects (deaf people). In our tests we use 30 sample videos coded by H.264 codec with various bit-rates and various speed of cued speech. Additionally, we define the criteria for consonant sign recognizability in single-handed finger alphabet (dactyl) analogically to acoustics. We use another 12 sample videos coded by H.264 codec with various bit-rates in four different video formats. To interpret the results we apply the standard scale for subjective video quality evaluation and the percentual evaluation of intelligibility as in acoustics. From the results we construct the minimum coded bit-rate recommendations for every spatial resolution.
4
Content available remote Assessing FL pronunciation in a semi-immersion setting: The effects of CLIL instruction on Spanish-Catalan learners’ perceived comprehensibility and accentedness
92%
Rallo Fabra L. , Juan-Garau M.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2011
|
tom 47
96
EN
This paper reports research in progress on the effect of content-based learning on speech production by Catalan-Spanish learners of English as a foreign language (FL). The data presented here are part of a longitudinal study which explores the short- and mid-term effects of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), a semi-immersion programme that consists in teaching one or two subjects of the school curriculum entirely in a FL. More specifically, we intended to find out whether there was evidence of gains in intelligibility and foreign accent after one year of CLIL instruction. Two groups of learners varying in amount and nature of formal FL instruction and a control group of native English peers were recorded performing a controlled speaking task at two data collection times separated by one-year interval. The speech samples were assessed by four expert native English judges in terms of degree of comprehensibility and foreign accent. As expected, the read speech samples by the CLIL learners were judged to be more intelligible and less accented than the samples by their peers in conventional formal instruction (FI), but both groups differed significantly from the native English group. No significant short-term improvement in either intelligibility or foreign accent was found after one year of CLIL instruction, suggesting that gains in learners’ pronun-ciation in a content-based learning context are more likely to appear in the mid or long run.
5
Content available remote Accent evaluation from extemporaneous child speech
92%
García Lecumberri M. L. , Cooke M. , Bryant C.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2015
|
tom 51
|
nr 2
227-246
EN
A key issue in judging foreign accent is to isolate the phonetic component from potentially confounding higher-level factors such as grammatical or prosodic errors which arise when using natural sentence-length speech material. The current study evaluated accent and intelligibility ratings of children’s speech for isolated words spliced out of extemporaneous material elicited via a picture description task. Experiment 1 demonstrated that word scores and accent ratings provided by native judges pattern as in earlier studies, validating the use of word-based material derived from natural speech. In a second experiment, listeners rated the degree of foreign accent and comprehensibility for unrelated sequences of 1 to 8 words from the same talker. Degree of foreign accent was judged to increase with sequence length, asymptoting by 2 word sequences, although listeners did not rate the sequence based on the most-accented word it contains. Comprehensibility was judged to be lower as sequence length increased, asymptoting at 4 words. These findings suggest that short sequences of randomly-permuted words extracted from extemporaneous speech can be used for robust accent and comprehensibility judgements whose focus is on the phonetic basis for deviations from the native norm.
6
Content available Simple steps for the detection and classification of different lamprophyric rocks: a case study from Greece
81%
Kamvisis I.-N. G. , Vasyukova E. A.
|
2021
|
tom Vol. 52, iss. 1
1--9
EN
This study aims to help non-expert geologists in locacating, classifying and analyzing lamprophyres, the exotic and complex rocks. The process includes three basic steps, a macroscopic study of the formation, petrographic microscopy and lastly whole-rock and trace element analyses of the samples. Fourteen Greek lamprophyric rocks with distinct characteristics were used. Conventional lamprophyres were considered along with rarer alkali minettes, meta-lamprophyres, lamproschists, appinites and para-lamproites.
7
Content available remote Can (An) Elf Have a Life of Its Own?
81%
Scheuer S.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2010
|
tom 46
|
nr 3
331-347
EN
In this paper I wish to look at whether English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) is likely to acquire an identity of its own and be universally perceived as a linguistic entity different from, and independent of, native speaker English(es). The discussion begins with a brief overview of certain controversies surrounding the ELF case, before turning to the so-called Latin analogy theme. The fate of Latin, another well-known example of a language of international communication in the history of mankind, was in fact sealed by the emergence - in the early Middle Ages - of a non-native variety of the language, decidedly distinct from the natural language that later developed into Romance. The paper will attempt to present certain aspects of the Latin-English analogy, with a view to obtaining clues as to the possible future development of the modern lingua franca.
8
Content available Repairing Tales from Japan: Changes Over Time in Personal Narratives
81%
Riney T. J.
Research in Language
|
2011
|
tom 9
|
nr 2
19-28
EN
At two different times, Time 1 and Time 2, 13 participants in Japan (8 Japanese and 5 Americans) were asked to spontaneously respond in English to this prompt: “Tell me about one of the most exciting or dangerous moments in your life.” The Japanese responded during their first and fourth years of college, which involved an interval of 42 months. The Americans were native speakers of English and responded earlier and later in their one year study abroad program in Japanese language and culture. Three questions addressed by this paper were the following: (a) What types of topics and narrative structures characterize these 26 stories? (b) What types of speaker-initiated repairs appear, and are the repairs the same or different at Time 1 and Time 2? (c) How are the repairs related to different listener (American, Japanese, Filipino, and Taiwanese) assessments of the intelligibility of the narratives?
9
Content available Repairing Tales from Japan: Changes Over Time in Personal Narratives
81%
Riney T.
|
|
nr 2
19-28
EN
At two different times, Time 1 and Time 2, 13 participants in Japan (8 Japanese and 5 Americans) were asked to spontaneously respond in English to this prompt: "Tell me about one of the most exciting or dangerous moments in your life." The Japanese responded during their first and fourth years of college, which involved an interval of 42 months. The Americans were native speakers of English and responded earlier and later in their one year study abroad program in Japanese language and culture. Three questions addressed by this paper were the following: (a) What types of topics and narrative structures characterize these 26 stories? (b) What types of speaker-initiated repairs appear, and are the repairs the same or different at Time 1 and Time 2? (c) How are the repairs related to different listener (American, Japanese, Filipino, and Taiwanese) assessments of the intelligibility of the narratives?
10
Content available Means and Forms of Czech-Polish Semi-Communication via SMS
70%
Lipowski J.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
|
2017
|
tom 6
101-117
EN
It was Einar Haugen (1966) who introduced into linguistics the term semi-communication. He examined the means of verbal communication in a group of three Scandinavian languages, the interlocutors of which used different language codes in one communication act. Asymmetry of such a discourse is manifested by a communiqué formulated in one mother tongue and perceived by a recipient on the basis of his/her own vernacular code knowledge. This article aims at analysing means and forms of Czech-Polish semi-communication via SMS. The investigation indicates that writers used in their SMS messages intended for the other-language recipients especially those linguistic means, by which they seek to increase the clarity of text messages intended for recipients – speakers of closely related (West Slavonic) languages.
11
Content available Sound Behaviour of Concrete Churches. The Church of Santa Cruz de Oleiros
70%
Bueno A. M. , Galindo M. , León A. L.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2018
|
tom Vol. 43, No. 2
297--306
EN
The church of Santa Cruz de Oleiros, Spain (1967) shows architect Miguel Fisac’s perception of sacred space after the Second Vatican Council. In this place of worship, the architect responded to the new liturgical guidelines combining geometry and architectural forms with the material of the moment, concrete. However, ordinary religious celebrations reveal acoustic deficiencies for the main use of the building. This fact is corroborated by acoustic measurements in situ. With a methodology that uses simulation techniques for the sound field, the analysis of the current acoustic behaviour of the room will serve as the basis for an acoustic rehabilitation proposal aimed at improving the acoustic conditions and so, the functionality of the church.
12
Content available Models and Targets for the Pronunciation of English in Vietnam and Sweden
70%
Cunningham U.
Research in Language
|
2009
|
tom 7
113-128
EN
This paper aims to account for the factors that lie behind the choice of models and targets for the pronunciation of English by learners of English in Vietnam and in Sweden. English is the first foreign language in both Vietnam and in Sweden. English is used as a language of international communication in both settings. Swedish learners have much more exposure to spoken English than do Vietnamese learners and the Swedish language is more similar to English than is Vietnamese. These reasons, among others, explain why Swedish accents of English are typically considerably more intelligible than Vietnamese accents of English. Given that the majority of English speakers in the world are not native speakers, it is argued that the traditional learner target of approaching native speaker pronunciations is not appropriate for either group, but especially not for the Vietnamese learners. Instead maximal international intelligibility is a more useful target. To this end, learners need to be exposed to a variety of native and non-native models.
13
Content available The Implementation of Intelligibility-Based Pronunciation Instruction on a Pre-Sessional Eap Course in the Uk
70%
Hodgetts J.
Research in Language
|
2021
|
tom 19
|
nr 4
401-425
EN
Pre-sessional EAP access courses for learners of English intending to study on undergraduate or postgraduate courses in the UK are faced with particular challenges in incorporating meaningful suprasegmental pronunciation instruction into their programmes. This research examines the pronunciation goals of teachers, course leaders, and learners on a ten week UK pre-sessional access course, particularly with regard to suprasegmental instruction, how these goals are reflected in pronunciation assessment, and how teacher goals are informed by their attitudes and beliefs. A mixed methods approach, including direct observation and semi-structured interviews, is employed to address the area of enquiry. Results derived from course documents and a semi-structured interview show a lack of clarity of course goals. Although there is a general emphasis on suprasegmental rather than segmental instruction, in semi-structured interviews teachers report a lack of course goals. Assessment and practice do not always adhere to a goal of intelligibility, and support for teachers, in terms of the materials and how they might be exploited seems limited.
14
Content available Models and Targets for the Pronunciation of English in Vietnam and Sweden
70%
Cunningham U.
|
|
tom 7
113-128
EN
This paper aims to account for the factors that lie behind the choice of models and targets for the pronunciation of English by learners of English in Vietnam and in Sweden. English is the first foreign language in both Vietnam and in Sweden. English is used as a language of international communication in both settings. Swedish learners have much more exposure to spoken English than do Vietnamese learners and the Swedish language is more similar to English than is Vietnamese. These reasons, among others, explain why Swedish accents of English are typically considerably more intelligible than Vietnamese accents of English. Given that the majority of English speakers in the world are not native speakers, it is argued that the traditional learner target of approaching native speaker pronunciations is not appropriate for either group, but especially not for the Vietnamese learners. Instead maximal international intelligibility is a more useful target. To this end, learners need to be exposed to a variety of native and non-native models.
15
Is there an interlanguage speech credibility benefit?
70%
Podlipský V. J. , Šimáčková Š. , Petráž D.
Topics in Linguistics
|
2016
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
30-44
EN
Some (though not all) previous studies have documented the interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit (ISIB), i.e. the greater intelligibility of non-native (relative to native) speech to non-native listeners as compared to native listeners. Moreover, some studies (again not all) found that native listeners consider foreign-accented statements as less truthful than native-sounding ones. We join these two lines of research, asking whether foreign-accented statements sound more credible to non-native than to native listeners and whether difficult-to-process (less comprehensible) utterances are less credible. In two experiments we measure the intelligibility, comprehensibility and credibility of native and foreign-accented statements for native listeners and non-native listeners matched or mismatched in L1 with non-native talkers. We find an ISIB in both matched and mismatched non-native listeners, and an analogous matched comprehensibility benefit. However, we obtain no evidence of an interlanguage speech credibility benefit. Instead, both matched and mismatched non-native listeners tend to trust native statements more (i.e. statements produced by their target-language models). For native listeners, we do not confirm the tendency to mistrust non-native statements, but we do find a moderate correlation between the comprehensibility and credibility of foreign-accented utterances, giving limited support to the hypothesis that decreased perceptual fluency leads to decreased credibility.
16
Content available Deep Neural Network for Supervised Single-Channel Speech Enhancement
70%
Saleem N. , Irfan Khattak M. , Ali M. Y. , Shafi M.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2019
|
tom Vol. 44, No. 1
3--12
EN
Speech enhancement is fundamental for various real time speech applications and it is a challenging task in the case of a single channel because practically only one data channel is available. We have proposed a supervised single channel speech enhancement algorithm in this paper based on a deep neural network (DNN) and less aggressive Wiener filtering as additional DNN layer. During the training stage the network learns and predicts the magnitude spectrums of the clean and noise signals from input noisy speech acoustic features. Relative spectral transform-perceptual linear prediction (RASTA-PLP) is used in the proposed method to extract the acoustic features at the frame level. Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filter is applied to smooth the temporal curves of extracted features. The trained network predicts the coefficients to construct a ratio mask based on mean square error (MSE) objective cost function. The less aggressive Wiener filter is placed as an additional layer on the top of a DNN to produce an enhanced magnitude spectrum. Finally, the noisy speech phase is used to reconstruct the enhanced speech. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DNN framework with less aggressive Wiener filtering outperforms the competing speech enhancement methods in terms of the speech quality and intelligibility.
17
Content available The Liar Paradox from the Wittgensteinian Perspective
70%
Gomułka J. , Wawrzyniak J.
Studia Semiotyczne
|
2017
|
tom 31
|
nr 2
179–199
EN
Our approach to the liar paradox is based on the Wittgensteinian approach to semantic and logical paradoxes. The main aim of this article is to point out that the liar sentence is only seemingly intelligible, and that it has not been given any sense. First, we will present the traditional solutions of the paradox, especially those which we call modificational. Then we will determine what the defects of these solutions are. Our main objection is that the modificational approaches assume that we can express in languages certain senses which are improper. Next, we will explain why we think that the liar sentence is a mere nonsense. This sentence does not have any role in any language game – it is completely useless. We will also respond to several objections to our approach. 1. That it is not consistent with the principle of compositionality of sense. 2. According to the Quineian philosophy of logic, paradoxical sentences can be conceived as false assumptions leading to crises of logical paradigms. 3. The liar sentence seems to be, contrary to our approach, intelligible.
18
Content available The use of Polish and Czech as a lingua receptiva in comparison with English as a lingua franca – some remarks on multilingual modes of communication with reference to CSS and ICC
58%
Steciąg M. , Majdańska-Wachowicz U.
Neofilolog
|
2021
|
nr 56/2
237-257
EN
The present study aims to investigate the use of Polish and Czech as a lingua receptiva (LaRa) in comparison with English as a lingua franca (ELF) between Polish and Czech students when making semi-spontaneous dialogues. With this aim in mind, the notion of intelligibility together with communication strategies (CSs) and intercultural communicative competence (ICC) are discussed. The study is inspired by Bulatović’s et al. (2019) who investigated the effectiveness of LaRa and ELF between Croatians and Slovenes. The study investigated listening skills and showed that the mean of intelligibility was high irrespective of the mode. The study in question aims to expand prior research with reference to spoken interactions between Polish and Czech speakers. In particular, it examines the role of communication strategies and intercultural communicative competence in achieving intelligibility in two multilingual modes. The results of the study show that the level of intelligibility is high irrespective of the mode. In LaRa and ELF sessions intelligibility and negotiation strategies are determined by careful language choices, certain communication strategies, and intercultural communicative competence (intercultural attitude towards the partner and modes of communication).
19
Content available Jak (z)rozumieć obcy język pokrewny? Słowiańska adaptacja techniki siedmiu sit (na materiale czesko polskim)
58%
Hofmański W.
Socjolingwistyka
|
2020
|
nr 34
215-230
PL
Artykuł zawiera prezentację techniki siedmiu sit w jej autorskiej adaptacji na grunt rodziny języków sło wiańskich. Ilustrację zastosowania (na materiale czesko-polskim) poprzedza wprowadzenie teoretyczne odnoszące się do tła badań nad interkomprehensją oraz założeń metodologicznych. Technika siedmiu sit pozwala w kolejnych krokach („sitach”) na pozyskiwanie wartości informacyjnej pisanego komunikatu w blisko spokrewnionym języku obcym. Wykorzystuje kompetencje natywne rozszerzone o elemen tarną wiedzę dotyczącą analogii międzyjęzykowych. Stanowi ona alternatywę dla klasycznego procesu glottodydaktycznego w zakresie niewymagającym profesjonalnego (czyli przede wszystkim czynnego i normatywnego) posługiwania się językiem obcym. Artykuł nawiązuje do wcześniejszych publikacji autora, które poruszały problematykę fenomenu komunikatywności oraz interpretacji zjawiska homonimii międzyjęzykowej (Hofmański 2018, 2019).
EN
The article is a demo version of The Seven Sieves Technique in its author’s adaptation to the Slavic lan guages family. The illustration (based on Czech-Polish material) is preceded by a theoretical introduction related to the background of research on intercomprehensiveness and methodological assumptions of the technique. The Seven Sieves Technique allows you to acquire the informational value of a message written in a closely related foreign language to your native one in the following steps („sieves”). Uses linguistic competences from native language extended only by elementary knowledge of interlingual analogies. It is an alternative to the classic glottodidactic process in the field of non-professional (i.e. primarily active and normative) use of a foreign language. The article refers to prior publications that have dealt with the issue of the phenomenon of inter-language communication, mutual comprehensibility and interpretation of the phenomenon of interlanguage homonymy (Hofmański 2018, 2019).
20
Content available remote Ocena akustyczna pomieszczeń użyteczności publicznej na etapie projektowania
47%
Nowicka E.
Materiały Budowlane
|
2015
|
tom nr 11
39--41
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