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EN
The paper describes the use of liposomes and erythrocytes membrane as a real membrane models to evaluate the potential benefits of several plants extracts and two flavones in relation to lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant behaviour of the plant extracts from pine (Pinus silvestris L), hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L, two extracts: from hawthorn’s leaves-l and bark-b), evening primrose (Oenothena paradoxa Hudziok – three extracts differ in procyanidins content P1, P2 and P3) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, as a standard for extracts) and flavones of baicalin and rutin have been studied. The results obtained showed that the studied extracts exhibited differentiated, dose-dependent antioxidant activity against phospatidylcholine liposomes (rosemary>pine≈hawthorn-l>hawthorn-b≈P1≈P2≈P3; statistically significant differences were observed between the extracts at p≤0.05) and erythrocyte membranes (rosemary≥hawthorn-b≈hawthorn-l>P1≈pine>P2≈P3) when the oxidation was induced by UV-C radiation. They also reduce the oxidation of liposomes and erythrocyte membrane when its oxidation was induced by 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (pine≥P1≈P2≈rosemary≈P3 in the case of liposomes and rosemary>> pine≥P1≈P2≥P3 in a case of erythrocyte). Moreover, the results of the study show that baicalin is characterised by high inhibition ability towards liposome PC peroxidation, as well as towards erythrocyte ghosts, when oxidation was initiated by UV radiation. However, at the same experimental conditions, the inhibitory capacity of rutin was about 7-8 times weaker. The presence of cholesterol in liposome membrane decreased the level of membrane peroxidation but do not influenced on the antioxidant activity of hawthorn extract.
PL
W pracy zastosowano liposomy oraz błony erytrocytów jako modele błon biologicznych do opisu procesu utleniania lipidów. Zbadano antyoksydacyjne działanie ekstraktów roślinnych z sosny (Pinus silvestris L), głogu (Crataegus oxyacantha L,dwa ekstrakty: z liści i kory głogu), wiesiołka (Oenothena paradoxa Hudziok, trzy ekstrakty różniące się zawartością procyjanidyn oznaczone P1, P2 and P3) and rozmarynu (Rosmarinus officinalis, jako standardu dla ekstraktów) oraz flawony bajkaliny i rutyny. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały zależną od stężenia, zróżnicowaną aktywność antyoksydacyjną ekstraktów w stosunku do błon liposomów (rozmaryn>sosna≈głóg-l>głóg-b≈P1≈P2≈P3; oraz błon erytrocytów (rozmaryn≥głóg-b≈głóg-l>P1≈sosna>P2≈P3) w sytuacji gdy utlenianie indukowano promieniowaniem UV-C. Redukują one także utlenienie liposomów i błon erytrocytów indukowane 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) (sosna≥P1≈P2≈rozmaryn≈P3, w przypadku liposomów and rozmaryn>>sosna≥P1≈P2≥P3, w przypadku erytrocytów). Bajkalina posiada wysoką zdolność inhibicji peroksydacji zarówno liposomów PC jak i cieni erytrocytów w sytuacji utleniania indukowango promieniami UV, natomiast rutyna w tych warunkach jest ok. 7-8 krotnie słabszym inhibitorem procesu. Obecność cholesterolu w błonach liposomów w zasadzie zmniejsza poziom peroksydacji liposomów (różnice istotne statystycznie) lecz nie wpływa na aktywność antyoksydacyjną ekstraktu z liści głogu.
EN
The purpose of the article is to improve oxygen transport as one of the components of healthy development technology stimulation of physical performance of professional athletes. It is known that the emergence of functional sports events anemia is an important factor of the inhibition of stimulation or decrease of physical performance, primarily aerobic nature. This calls for timely correction of this phenomenon, but, unfortunately, most often it is made by using toxic substances or pharmacological agents that are banned in sports, or because it does not take into account the genesis of this anemia. In this regard we used for sport anemia's correction not forbidden, practically nontoxic, metabolic medical drug epadol that based on ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. The study involved 56 qualified athletes – the representatives of cyclic sports (runners on middle distance, skiers, rowing and canoeing; all men aged 19 to 24 years), in which the formation of the energy needed to create adequate levels of physical activity is mainly an aerobic way. In preparation for the competition the highly qualified representatives of cyclic sports assessed a structural and functional state of erythrocyte membranes and changing content level of indicators of red blood under the influence of the drug epadol. It is shown that the drug has no direct erythrostymulative activity. However, using modern biochemical and hematological methods proved its favorable action on changes in the level of malonic dialdehyde and reduced glutathione directly to the membrane of red blood cells that have a positive impact on increasing the content of corpuscular hemoglobin while the growth parameters of aerobic capacity. When applying epadol any athlete complained of side effects. This proves the feasibility and validity of the use of such non-toxic antioxidants and membranoprotectors of metabolic nature to improve the transport of oxygen during exercise and increase the efficiency of the results of training athletes. Moreover, since epadol is not a banned substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency, its use in professional sports does not need to obtain permission for therapeutic use, which reduces psychological stress on the athlete. The authors of article consider that the application of epadol as any other metabolitotropic pharmacological means should not be «bound» for a specified period of preparation, and it can be used for years in the macrocycle highly professional athletes, regardless of their individual characteristics and objectives of training work.
EN
Preliminary experiments revealed that ferrylmyoglobin decayed more slowly in the absence than in the presence of intact erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes. This suggested the existence of interactions between FerrylMb and the erythrocyte membrane. Subsequent studies examined the influence of FerrylMb on the membrane of intact erythrocytes and on isolated erythrocyte membranes. The incubation of intact erythrocytes with FerrylMb did not influence their osmotic fragility or the fluidity of their membranes; the level of peroxidation of the membrane lipids increased only slightly (there was only a slight increase in the level of membrane lipid peroxidation). The activity of acetylcholinesterase significantly increased after 15 minutes of incubation, whereas longer incubation did not lead to any changes in the activity of this enzyme. The incubation of isolated erythrocyte membranes with FerrylMb resulted in an increase in their fluidity and a significant rise in the level of lipid peroxidation.
EN
The effect of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl esters of fatty acids (DM n) on pig red blood cell hemolysis and erythrocyte membrane fluidity has been investigated. In the hemolytic experiments the hemolytic activity of the compounds studied was determined, and was found to increase with alkyl chain length and followed the sequence: DM-15 > DM-13 > DM-11 > DMDA > DM-9. The fluorimetric studies were done using the fluorescent probe TMA-DPH, which allowed us to calculate polarization coefficient P and hence determine relative changes in membrane fluidity induced by the lysosomotropic substances. The compounds of highest hemolytic activity, which have fifteen- and thirteen-carbon-atom alkyl chain (DM-15 and DM-13), significantly affect the erythrocyte membrane fluidity.
EN
The organophosphorus insecticide bromfenvinfos (2-bromo-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethyl phosphate) and its methylated homologue methylbromfenvinfos inhibited noncompetitively the activity of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase bound to and solubilized from pig erythrocyte membrane. Both enzyme preparations exhibited biphasic substrate curves displaying the existence of two functional active sites with low and high affinity to ATP. Inhibition of activity was more pronounced for bromfenvinfos than for methylbromfenvinfos and the solubilized enzyme preparation was more affected than the bound one. The results of the experiment suggest that the insecticides inhibited the ATPase by binding to a site on the enzyme rather than by interaction with associated lipids, although their presence could weaken the action of the compounds due to the stronger affinity of organophosphorus insecticides for lipids rather than for proteins.
EN
Cationic gemini surfactants are an important class of surface-active compounds that exhibit much higher surface activity than their monomeric counterparts. This type of compound architecture lends itself to the compound being easily adsorbed at interfaces and interacting with the cellular membranes of microorganisms. Conventional cationic surfactants have high chemical stability but poor chemical and biological degradability. One of the main approaches to the design of readily biodegradable and environmentally friendly surfactants involves inserting a bond with limited stability into the surfactant molecule to give a cleavable surfactant. The best-known example of such a compound is the family of ester quats, which are cationic surfactants with a labile ester bond inserted into the molecule. As part of this study, a series of gemini ester quat surfactants were synthesized and assayed for their biological activity. Their hemolytic activity and changes in the fluidity and packing order of the lipid polar heads were used as the measures of their biological activity. A clear correlation between the hemolytic activity of the tested compounds and their alkyl chain length was established. It was found that the compounds with a long hydrocarbon chain showed higher activity. Moreover, the compounds with greater spacing between their alkyl chains were more active. This proves that they incorporate more easily into the lipid bilayer of the erythrocyte membrane and affect its properties to a greater extent. A better understanding of the process of cell lysis by surfactants and of their biological activity may assist in developing surfactants with enhanced selectivity and in widening their range of application.
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the protective action of extracts from apple, strawberry and chokeberry with respect to linoleic acid and the biological membrane exposed to oxidation induced by physicochemical factors. The activity of the extracts was determined by measuring inhibition of lipid oxidation in red blood cell membrane, induced with UVC radiation and the AAPH radical. The protective effect of the extracts was essayed fl uorimetrically and spectrophotometrically. These results together with the ones obtained earlier explain the mechanism of the interaction between the extracts and the red blood cell membrane. The mechanism consists in the incorporation into the membrane and screening the cell against oxidation. The results indicate that the extracts possess very good antioxidant properties, since at the highest concentrations used (0.1 mg/mL) they protect the biological membranes almost entirely against oxidation. Among the extracts studied the best antioxidant properties were exhibited by the apple fruit, which gave 80% or 100% protection of the membrane at 0.05 mg/mL concentration of dry matter, for UVC and AAPH inductors, respectively.
EN
Our study concerns the effects of exposure to lead chloride on the morphology, K+ efflux, SO4 − influx and GSH levels of the human erythrocyte. Blood was collected in heparinized tubes and washed three times. The cells were suspended at 3% hematocrit and incubated for 1 h at 25°C in a medium containing increasing concentrations of lead chloride (0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 μM). After incubation, the suspensions were centrifuged and the erythrocyte pellets were divided into three aliquots for testing. The results show: an increase in the permeability of erythrocytes treated with lead chloride with consequent damage and cellular death, especially in the presence of high concentrations; an increase in potassium ion efflux; alterations in the morphology and membrane structure of the red blood cells; and a decrease in sulphate uptake, due either to the oxidative effect of this compound on the band 3 protein, which loses its biological valence as a carrier of sulphate ions, or to a decrease in the ATP erythrocyte concentration. In conclusion, the exposure of erythrocytes to Pb2+ ions leads to a reduction in the average lifetime of the erythrocytes and the subsequent development of anemia. These data are discussed in terms of the possible effect of lead on the reduction-oxidation systems of the cell. Oxidant agents, such as lead, are known to cross-link integral membrane proteins, leading to K/Cl-cotransport. The increased K+ efflux affects the altered redox state.
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