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EN
The aim of this study was to determine which method of hygienic behaviour assessment is more reliable: the evaluation of the pierced brood removal rate or the evaluation of the freeze-killed brood removal rate. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether freeze-killed brood should be placed in colonies when defrosted or still frozen. Defrosted freeze-killed brood was removed faster within a 24 h period. The removal rates for pierced brood and frozen freeze-killed brood were similar in hygienic colonies. In non-hygienic colonies, pierced brood was removed at a significantly slower rate than frozen or defrosted freeze-killed brood. The mechanisms of removing frozen and defrosted freeze-killed brood were similar to each other and different from those observed in the case of pierced brood. The defrosting of brood prior to its introduction into colonies seems inadvisable, as it accelerates brood removal. Our results confirm the hypotheses of those researchers who believe that the frozen freeze-killed brood removal test is not always appropriate. A good solution is, therefore, to perform the frozen freeze-killed brood and pin-killed brood removal tests simultaneously. The time from the beginning of the tests to the moment 50% and 75% of dead-brood cells have been cleaned up should be assumed as the appropriate duration of the hygienic behavior evaluation tests.
EN
The present research aims to achieve a retrospective analysis of sustainable policies for the development of beekeeping in Romania, an important sector that contributes to the development of rural areas. Romanian’s objectives regarding the development of this sector are based on the adoption of a clear vision and on the support of state, materialised by the National Beekeeping Program. The assessment of the program implementation reveals the following aspect: in the analyzed period 2008- 2010, an improvement of the access to funds can be observed, the level of absorption increasing from 16.8% in 2008 to 99.8% in 2010. The consequences following the funds accession are an increase of associative forms and a restoration of beekeeping exploitations. Nevertheless, there are still problems in the North East regions of the country, due to lack of information regarding the accession to funds. These problems could be solved by creating a platform that should constantly reunite beekeepers, researchers and specialists of the sector that share their experience and skills, establishing a dialogue between all the actors in the beekeeping chain.
EN
The present research aims to achieve a retrospective analysis of sustainable policies for the development of beekeeping in Romania, an important sector that contributes to the development of rural areas. Romanian’s objectives regarding the development of this sector are based on the adoption of a clear vision and on the support of state, materialised by the National Beekeeping Program. The assessment of the program implementation reveals the following aspect: in the analyzed period 2008- 2010, an improvement of the access to funds can be observed, the level of absorption increasing from 16.8% in 2008 to 99.8% in 2010. The consequences following the funds accession are an increase of associative forms and a restoration of beekeeping exploitations. Nevertheless, there are still problems in the North East regions of the country, due to lack of information regarding the accession to funds. These problems could be solved by creating a platform that should constantly reunite beekeepers, researchers and specialists of the sector that share their experience and skills, establishing a dialogue between all the actors in the beekeeping chain.
PL
Przebadano wpływ mleczka pszczelego i pyłku kwiatowego na przebieg zatrucia benzenem w warunkach kontrolowanej ekspozycji inhalacyjnej.
EN
The aim of this work was to assess the effect of beebread and bee-milk on benzene intoxication. Rats were exposed for several days to benzene vapours and immediately after each day's exposure they were given per os some apiarian preparations. Effects of the preparations were assessed by determination of: urine phenol (a benzene metabolite) content, activity of some enzymes and bilirubin level. The results show that beebread and bee-milk applied during the benzene exposure caused that AlAT, AspAT and AP activity increasese and plasma bilirubin levels were reduced as compared with the controls. No effect of the tested preparations on the course of urine phenol excretion was observed.
PL
W wybranych preparatach pszczelich oznaczano poziom miedzi i żelaza. Analizą przeprowadzono za pomocą spektrofotometru absorpcji atomowej Solaar M5 Thermo Elemental
EN
The levels of Cu and Fe were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The amounts of these elements found in bee preparations show that the preparations may be safely used in combination with other food products and constitute a supplementary source of these bioelements for the human organism.
PL
Metodą spektrometrii atomowo-absorpcyjnej oznaczono zawartości kadmu, ołowiu, chromu, cynku, manganu, miedzi, niklu i żelaza w siedmiu odmianach miodów pszczelich pochodzących ze wschodniej części Polski.
EN
Concentrations of lead, cadmium, chromum, zinc, manganese, copper, nickiel and iron in seven bee honey grades were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Lead, cadmium and nickel levels were assayed using extraction technique after the metals had been complexed with APDC. Methyl isobutyl ketone was used as the organic phase. The contents of the remaining elements were determined directly from the mineralizates. The following average concentrations were determined: lead from 0,044 mg/kg to 0,118 mg/kg; cadmium from 0,004 mg/kg to 0,016 mg/kg; nickel from 0,042 mg/kg to 0,500 mg/kg; copper from 0,14 mg/kg to 1,37 mg/kg; zinc from 2,69 mg/kg to 19,37 mg/kg; iron form 2,30 mg/kg to 9,46 mg/kg; manganese from 0,51 mg/kg to 10,43 mg/kg and chromium from 0,017 mg/kg to 0,053 mg/kg. The determined values were comparable to, or lower than, the values reported by others authors.
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