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EN
The induction of dominant lethal mutations have been studied in the different stages of germ cells of mice exposed to some doses of cyclophosphamide.
PL
Zbadano indukcję dominujących mutacji letąlnych w komórkach rozrodczych samców myszy szczepu Pzh: Sfis, którym podano różne dawki cyklofosfamidu. Po ekspozycji na 25 mg/kg m.c. nie stwierdzono efektu mutagennego. Potwierdzono indukcję dominujących mutacji letalnych po ekspozycji myszy na wyższe dawki cyklofosfamidu. Wrażliwość męskich komórek rozrodczych wzrasta a wraz ze zwiększaniem dawki cyklofosfamidu od 50 do 200 mg/kg m.c. Liczba żywych płodów zmniejszała się liniowo w zależności od dawki, a odsetek martwych płodów zwiększał się w zależności od dawki. Najbardziej wrażliwymi stadiami spermatogenezy okazały się późne spermatydy i plemniki.
PL
Oceniano aktywność mutagenną 7 nowo zsyntetyzowanych kationowych substancji powierzchniowo czynnych (KSPC) przy zastosowaniu testu genotoksyczności na Bacillus subtilis. Wykazano, że w badanych stężeniach związki te nie wykazywały aktywności mutagennej.
EN
Bacillus subtilis H17 Rec+ and M45 Rec- strains were used to test the mutagenic activity of seven new-synthesised cationic surface-active agents (CSAA). The surfactants differed in length and structure of the hydrophobic chains. CSAA concentrations ranged from 0.01 mg to 10 mg active ingredient per litre. At those concentrations, CSAA were not genotoxic to humans. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that they are safe to humans, because in the surface waters they are found at concentrations one thousand times lower than those used in this experiment.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu regulatora wzrostu roślin - stymulenu indukcję różnych form molekularnych cytochromu P-450 w wątrobie szczurów.
EN
The effect of Stymulen, a regulator of plant (corn) growth, on the induction of various forms of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver was tested by the CYPIA test. Stymulen given to rats intraperitoneally at a single dose of 1 x 50 and 1 x 80 mg/kg body weight or at a cumulative dose of 3 x 50 mg/kg b.w. did not induce CYP-4501A (the 3-methylcholantrene type). A slight induction of the CYP-4502B cytochrome (phénobarbital type) was observed.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono metodą oznaczania aktywności mutagennej ekstraktu cykloheksanowego pyłów powietrza atmosferycznego. Użyto zmodyfikowanego testu somatycznej mutacji i re-kombinacji u muszki owocowej (SMART)
EN
For assessing of the environmental contamination with potentially carcinogenic mutagens the possibility of the measurement of the mutagenic activity of the substances absorbed on dust suspended in air would be important. These substances include at least several hundreds of organic compounds. Only a small part of them have been studied in detail, and, on the other hand, it is known that at least a score of them are carcinogenic. Additionally, the prescence of some of them can change significantly the action of other ones. Because of that, the effects of a mixture of these substances should be studied as a whole. The fact that the discussed contaminants are present in the air and can be transported over great distances causes that they are dangerous to man both directly (when inhaled) and trough contamination of water, soil and food. Paraleli use in the described method of two cross-bred strains of fruit flies made possible separate assessment of the activity of mutagens and promutangens requiring activation in presence of cytochrome P 450. The use of the eukaryotic organism in which mutations are observed in many cells in one individual (about 2500) enables reliable data to be obtained about the degree of human health risk.
PL
Oceniono aktywność mutagenną całego ekstraktu organicznego wyodrębnionego z pyłowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza oraz wyizolowanych z ekstraktu frakcji zawierających trzy klasy poliaromatycznych związków organicznych, tj. wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych, nitroarenów i azaarenów.
EN
Mutagenic activity of the organic matter isolated from air samples collected in the Upper Silesia region of Poland was studied. Both whole extract and four extract fractions isolated from the extract by NP HPLC were analysed. Composition of the fractions was determined by GC-MS. The mutagenic activity of the samples was determined by the Ames test. It was shown that fraction VI had the largest share in inducing the direct (without S9 mix) mutagenic effect, while fractions IV and V containing PAHs and nitroarenes, respectively, displayed the strongest indirect (with S9 mix) mutagenic effect.
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tom 45
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nr 1-2
151-155
PL
W pracy przedstawiono test somatycznej mutacji i rekombinacji u muszki owocowej do pomiaru aktywności mutagennej benzenu oraz aldehydów octowego i mrówkowego.
EN
Among the contaminants of water, soil and air the number of mutagenic and carcinogenic substances is increasing. For the assessment of health risk connected with the simple and cheap methods are necessary which could detected and measure the mutagenicity of these substances. The widely used tests using prokaryotes give negative results in the tests of certain substances which are carcinogenic in mammals. In the case of benzene and acetaldehyde Ames test gives false negative results, and in the case of formaldehyde the results are equivocal. An advantage oŕ fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster used for this purpose is that its cell structures, enzymes and metabolic processes are similar to those of mammals. For the demonstration of mutagenicity of benzene, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde the test of somatic mutation and recombination SMART was carried out in these flies. The results confirmed the usefulness of the SMART test for the demonstration of the mutagenicity of contaminants in the environment.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki oznaczania aktywności mutagennej ekstraktu cyklohek- sanowego pyłu powietrza atmosferycznego oraz wybranych wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych. W badaniach użyto różnych szczepów Drosophila melanogaster różniących się poziomem enzymów związanych z cytochromem P-450.
EN
Using the test of somatic mutation and recombination (SMART) the mutagenic activity was studied in two cross-breed Drosophila melanogaster strains. In the strain mwh x ORR;flr3/TM3, Ser the concentration of cytochrome P-450-associated enzymes necessary faetivation of many promutagens, e.g. benzo(a)pyrene is many times higher. Cyclohexane extracts of atmospheric dust and certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were studied separately or in combination of two different ones. The study showed that: reliable results of the determinations of the mutagenicity of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were obtained only with the strain with high activity of enzymes activating promutagens, that is strain OR;flt3/TM3,Ser; mixtures of promutagens in concentrations of several mmols can show lower mutagenicity than the most mutagenic component of the mixture given separately. This could be the cause of stopped rise of the dose-response curve; an overwhelming majority of mutations in studies of tar substaces is not due to the action of strongly acting promutagens among the polycyclic aromatic hydroarbons studied here, including BaP.
PL
Zbadano aktywność mutagenną wybranych formulacji herbicydów i regulatorów wzrostu oraz ich substancji biologicznie czynnych. Do oceny zastosowano model mutacji mitochondrialnych u Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutacji barwnikowych u Chlorella vulgaris oraz test mikrojądrowy w komórkach szpiku kostnego myszy.
EN
The following herbicides and plant growth regulators were tested for their mutagenic activity: 2,4-D, Aminopielik 600 SL, Glifosat (FMG), Perzocyd 100 SL, Antywylegacz 600 SL and Stymulen 600 SL. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chlorella vulgaris test in vitro were used for the assessment. In vivo assays comprised micronucleus test on mouse bone marrow cells. 2,4-D, Aminopielik 600 SL, Glifosat and Perzocyd 100 SL did not show mutagenic activity either in the yeast or in the micronucleus test (Glyfosat and Perzocyd 100 SL only). Stymulen 600 SL was negative in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and did not affect the formation of micronuclei in the bone marrow cells, but showed a slight genotoxic activity in Chlorella vulgaris. Antywylegacz 600 SL induced rho mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but only at a high (120 mg/cm3) dose when yeast survival dropped to 20%.
PL
Zbadano wpływ nuarimolu (200 mg/kg m.c.) na częstotliwość występowania mikrojąder w erytrocytach szpiku kostnego i krwi obwodowej indukowanych przez N-nitrozodimetyloaminę podawaną w dawkach 2, 5, 14, 28 mg/kg m.c. oraz 2-acetyloaminofluoren podawany w dawkach 250; 500, 1000 mg/kg m.c.
EN
Nuarimol, the structural analogue of DDT, similarly to other polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, induces monoxygenase activity. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) belong to chemical compounds exhibiting strong mutagenic and carcinogenic properties followed the metabolic activation. Genotoxic activity of promutagens, including NDMA and 2-AAF depends on the activity of monoxygenase enzymes. The study aimed at clarification of the effect of nuarimol on the mutagenic activity of NDMA and 2-AAF in in vivo micronucleus test. The experiments were performed on Swiss mice, which were exposed to nuarimol or Aroclor 1254 (as the positive control) followed by the exposure to NDMA or 2-AAF. The micronuclei were counted in the bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and in the erythrocytes of the peripheral blood. The results show thad NDMA as well as 2-AAF induce failures in the genetic material in the bone marrow cells. Nuarimol given to the mice before the exposure to NDMA or 2-AAF did not cause changes in the micronuclei frequency. However, the prior intoxication by Aroclor 1254 resulted in the increase of the number of erythrocytes with micronuclei induced by NDMA in bone marrow and peripheral blood. This effect has not been observed in the mice intoxicated by 2-AAF prior to Aroclor 1254.
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tom 48
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nr 1
31-35
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań aktywności mutagennej pyłów zawieszonych w powietrzu atmosferycznym Warszawy i Wesołej z uwzględnieniem sezonu grzewczego i poza grzewczego.
EN
The results are presented of the studies of the mutagenic activity of dust samples in atmospheric air in Warsaw in the heating and non-heating seasons. Dust samples were obtained with a Staplex-type device continuously during 24 hours. The dust collected on the filters was extracted with cyclohexana. The devaporized and dried extract, that is the so called tar substances, were the material for further studies. The mutagenic activity of the studied samples was determined using a modification of the test of somatic mutation and recombination (SMART) on Drosophila melanogaster. The crosebred strain mwh x ORR: flr3/TM3, Ser specially prepared for the research of WAA was used. The dust in atmospheric air of Warsaw showed mutagenic activity which was higher in samples taken in the heating season.
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