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1
Brněnský latinsko-německo-český slovník zapsaný za slovníkem Catholicon
100%
Voleková K.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
|
2013
|
tom 136
|
nr 1-2
59-123
EN
In this paper, a Latin-German-Czech glossary is presented which follows the Latin monolingual glossary Catholicon by Johannes Balbus of Genoa in a Brno manuscript stored in the City Archive of Brno, Manuscript Collection No. 115. The Latin-German-Czech glossary is a Czech adaptation of two Latin-German glossaries. The author of the Brno glossary copied the whole Abstractum glossary from a source containing probably Latin-German Abstractum, Abba, and Abbreviare glossaries including a complete translation into Czech, yet he supplemented it by adding entries of the Abba glossary. The same trilingual source was used also by the author of a glossary preserved in an Esztergom manuscript (Esztergomi Föszékesegyházi Könyvtár, sign. M II 8) but its author omitted the German equivalents. A transliterated edition of the Latin-German-Czech glossary from the Brno manuscript accompanied by a critical apparatus is also contained in the present study.
2
Content available remote Ungarisch Zwischen Intensivem Kontakt Und Puristischer Gegenwehr
100%
Hetzer A.
|
2008
|
tom 50
111-125
EN
Hungarians have lived in close contact with High German speaking people since over one thousand years. However, linguistic impact from Hungarian to literary German is rather pure; there is but a couple of lexical exotisms, e.g. Puszta, Palatschinken (a kind of pancakes). On the other hand, the Hungarian language underwent numerous phases of German influence, mostly lexical borrowings. At the beginning, during the middle ages, words like polgár ‘citizen’ (High German Bürger) or pór ‘peasant’ (Upper German Paur) enriched the Hungarian lexicon, but later on, after the Ottoman conquest of Central Hungary, borrowings from German turned out to endanger the Hungarian national identity. As a result, from the end of the 18th century on, language reformers strove to return to their roots either by substituting German lexical items by “native” words (e.g. paraszt instead of pór, but the native stock is often of Slavic origin, in this case *prost). Or totally new words were shaped for new concepts (e.g. gép ‘machine, engine’, which in fact is a truncated root from German Göpel ‘whim’). However, in spite of all efforts to eliminate Germanisms, the bulk of neologisms was shaped as calques after Western (German, Latin, French) patterns, e.g. vas-út ‘railway’ (Eisenbahn), munka-adó ‘employer’ (Arbeitgeber), teher-gép-kocsi ‘lorry, truck’ (Lastkraftwagen), idegen-forgalom ‘tourism’ (Fremdenverkehr) autó-pálya ‘highway’ (Autobahn), vendég-munkás ‘foreign worker’ (Gastarbeiter). Thus, the inner form of Hungarian words corresponds more or less to their German counterparts, which is facilitated by similar or identical devices of word formation. On the other hand, in conversational Hungarian as well as in slang there remains a lot of Germanisms, slightly adapted by native suffixes, e.g. gurt-ni ‘safety belt’ (Gurt), and even verbs like ejnstejg-olni ‘to enter, to board’ (einsteigen). The article aims at finding out traces of German impact in Hungarian. In view of strong structural contrasts between Germanic and Finno-Ugrian languages, mostly the lexicon is scrutinized.
3
Content available remote Wie rhetorisch kann die Frage sein?
100%
Bąk P.
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
|
2012
|
nr 20
91-107
EN
Ways and means of expressing one’s views and the art of persuasion to one’s arguments have been objects of interest for the researchers of language and communication for a long time now. The paper presents the presence of rhetorical questions in German public discourse. Rhetorical questions have a persuasive function especially in the speeches of politicians and their full understanding depends on the knowledge of a broader extra-linguistic context. Although such questions appear in various forms, they reveal certain regularities which serve as indicators of their “rheroricity”. Besides new, occasional constructions in the German language we can also find lexicalized and conventional sentences. In the paper I aim at a verification of the rhetorical questions typology taking onto consideration the sentences noted in lexicography. Despite the great interest of phraseologists in various rhetorical devices (cf. DIETZ 1999) lexicalized rhetorical questions have not be adequately researched and described as yet.
4
Content available German Irrwisch ‘1. will-o’-the-wisp; 2. scamp, scallywag, imp’ and Polish urwis ‘scamp, scallywag, imp’.
100%
Stachowski M.
|
|
tom 128
PL
Even if the derivation of the meaning ‘scamp, scallywag, imp’ < ‘will-o’-the-wisp’ is generally imaginable (albeit not self-evident) it is assumed here that this change is actually based on addition of a foreign meaning to a German one, rather than on semantic evolution.
5
Die Bewertung des Menschen – Dummheit im Lichte der deutschen und polnischen Phraseologie (am lexikografischen Material)
88%
Gondek A.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
|
2013
|
tom 138
83 - 93
EN
The article gives an overwiew of Polish and German phrasemes, which describe a person who is considered stupid, inept and foolish. The related stupidity semantic field includes a very large number of idioms that address / focus different aspects of this property. There are idioms with both the adjective stupid / głupi or nouns stupidity / głupota, fool / głupiec (and their synonyms) that is, those which the assessment explicitly communicate, as well as many phrases that do not contain these lexemes and implicitly verbalize the stupidity of people and also describe it euphemistic.
6
Content available Error analysis and language comparison as teaching strategies for German as a foreign language in a South African context
88%
Anne Baker A.
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
|
2017
|
tom 13
|
nr 2(37)
103-110
EN
Since 2015 there has been increased protest action by students at South African universities. One of the issues is decolonizing the curriculum. Academics have been re-thinking the curricula of various academic offerings. Recognizing the African heritage of students studying German could be in the form of comparing the first language (L1) of black African learners with German in order to facilitate learning the target language (TL). Specific examples of similarities and differences between German and Zulu are addressed in this article.
7
Doslovný překlad, nebo adaptace? Způsoby překladu v období raného novověku v kontaktu německo-českém
75%
Zemenová M.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
|
2012
|
tom 135
|
nr 1-2
125-151
EN
This paper is a contribution to the field of translation studies focusing on translation history. It deals with the techniques and methods used in German-Czech translations at the time of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The main subject of the paper is an original analysis of three selected German texts form the 16th and early 17th century (Ein kurtzweilig Lesen von Dill Ulenspiegel; Historia von Doktor Johann Fausten; Martin Luther, Eine Heerpredigt wider den Türcken) and their first translations into Czech. The aim of the analysis is to revise and advance the current understanding of translations of the period and to provide an overview of the main problems connected with investigation of old prints. The results based on the analysis show that the translation techniques and methods used in the time of the Renaissance and the Reformation were very diverse and often mutually contradictory, there was usually no consistent translation strategy used by the translators and probably also no universal translation norm.
8
Content available Kilka słów o mediatyzacji pamięci, czyli jak „Polityka” oraz „Tygodnik Powszechny” budowały narrację o pojednaniu polsko-niemieckim w latach 1965-1989/90
75%
Dec-Pustelnik S.
Political Preferences
|
2017
|
nr 16
153-168
EN
Mediatization of politics, including historical politics which takes a crucial part in the process of creating collective memory, is a fact. Media - as a carrier of memory - are used to circulate the images of the past and the present and give meaning to them. The objective of this article was an attempt to analyze Polish media discourse between 1965 and 1989/90 with reference to the phenomenon of creating memory about Polish-German reconciliation. In what way, taking into consideration the role of press and media in creating memory, was the memory about the most significant in the discussion about Polish-German reconciliation events (Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops, kneeling of Willy Brandt in front of the monument commemorating 500 thousand Jewish people murdered by Nazis) created, presented, in what way was it commemorated in "Tygodnik Powszechny" and "Polityka" between 1965-1989/90. The following paper attempts to describe the changing media discourse (its elements and qualities) which was the basis for building the image of Polish-German reconciliation emerging from the source material.
9
Zadania rozwijające kompetencję międzykulturową w podręcznikach do nauczania języka niemieckiego w gimnazjum
75%
Jarząbek A.
Prace Językoznawcze
|
2017
|
nr XIX/1
51–70
EN
The subject of the study is the tasks for developing intercultural competence in handbooks for the German language in junior high schools, and the method – the analysis of handbooks based on selected criteria. Specific types of tasks were used as indicators of the objectives of intercultural education. The author focused on the qualitative analysis of instructions although quantitative analysis was also made. It showed that in each of the handbooks studied there are tasks for educating intercultural competence, but their number and typology are considerably diversified. The intercultural aspect most often accompanies students’ analysis of informative texts. Based on the study a general conclusion can be drawn that the handbooks for teaching German in junior high schools offer tasks and texts that allow intercultural education but their educational value should not be judged only based on their number or type. For a reliable assessment of their effectiveness both the perspective of the learner as well as the intercultural awareness of the teacher and communication context should be taken into account.
PL
Przedmiotem badania są zadania rozwijające kompetencję interkulturową w podręcznikach do języka niemieckiego w gimnazjum, zaś metodą – analiza podręczników na podstawie wybranych kryteriów. Posłużono się konkretnymi typami zadań jako wskaźnikami celów kształcenia międzykulturowego. Autorka skoncentrowała się na jakościowej analizie poleceń, choć przeprowadzono także analizę ilościową. Analiza wykazała, że w każdym z badanych podręczników znajdują się zadania kształcące kompetencję międzykulturową, lecz ich liczba i typologia są bardzo zróżnicowane. Cel interkulturowy najczęściej towarzyszy uczniowskiej analizie przeczytanych tekstów informacyjnych. Na podstawie badania można wyciągnąć ogólny wniosek, że podręczniki do nauczania języka niemieckiego w gimnazjum oferują zadania i teksty, które umożliwiają kształcenie międzykulturowe, jednak ich wartości edukacyjnej nie należy oceniać wyłącznie po ich liczbie czy typie. Do rzetelnej oceny ich efektywności należałoby przeprowadzić badanie uwzględniające zarówno perspektywę uczącego się, jak i świadomość interkulturową nauczającego, a także kontekst komunikacyjny.
10
Content available Od latiny k němčině. Slezská města jako vydavatel i příjemce německých a latinských písemností ve 14. století
75%
Velička T.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
|
2015
|
tom 7
|
nr 1
113-129
EN
The core of this article deals with the use of language in the diplomatic texts written in Silesia throughout the 14th century. Main focus is on the administrative offices of the territorial lord and their produce directed towards the towns, as well as the resources based in town’s offices and the language in which these are written. Individual towns are dealt with individually as well as from the viewpoint of belonging to a certain duchy and region, where the practice in terms of using a certain language may have been different.
11
Content available Několik poznámek k současné německojazyčné frazeografii
63%
Šichová K. , Šemelík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
|
2016
|
tom 98
|
nr 2
241-253
EN
Among linguists there is a lively interest in phraseology, which is still a relatively young branch of linguistics. However, its basic descriptive application, phraseography, whose task is to collect and describe phraseological expressions of a given language, is still a rather neglected area, at least in terms of integrating theory into practice. The paper reports on two relatively modern phraseological dictionaries of German and takes up the question of their user-friendliness. It examines the notion of phraseme in these dictionaries against the background of František Čermák’s conception of phraseology. Unsurprisingly, it turns out that both dictionaries are in need of substantial improvements if they are to become really effective tools for resolving language problems, which is the essential function of every dictionary. Nonetheless, some of the special features of Deutsche Idiomatik by Hans Schemann deserve recognition and make the dictionary exceptional. For this reason, the paper voices the need for a discussion of Schemann’s phraseographical works in Czech linguistics, or, more precisely, in Czech phraseography. In addition, the paper comments on DUDEN 11: Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik which is probably the most popular German dictionary of this type.
12
Content available remote Církev, jazyk, národ: Odpovědi farářů pražské arcidiecéze ohledně jazyka na jejich farnostech v průzkumu z roku 1675
63%
Richard N.
Studia theologica
|
2017
|
tom 4
161-184
EN
The question of the language of the parish during Early Modern times is a canonic problem, not only in Bohemia. The Prague chapter initiated an inquiry about the language used in the parishes in 1675 during the vacancy of the archiepiscopal see. This inquiry is a result of the modernization of administration. The details of the answers are perhaps more interesting than the global results. Although there are a number of gaps, the answers allow us to draw a more precise map of the language situation in the archdiocese, to identify not only the Germanisation movement after the Thirty Years War, but also the healthy condition of the Czech language, more perennial than it is sometimes written. I think that this is one of the reasons for the serenity of the clergymen when they write: the linguistic question is a practical issue, not a problematic one. In the mixed parishes, solutions were found based on local possibilities. Here and everywhere, language is a technical issue, and not a fundamental issue of patriotism. For clergymen who knew theology, love for their homeland was a moral obligation, not to the benefit of a linguistic community, but of a political community assimilated to a land. This is perhaps an important argument for the peaceful tone, perhaps illusory, but in any case interesting, for our answers of 1675.
13
Content available Wykorzystanie internetowych serwisów informacyjnych w rozwijaniu umiejętności wypowiadania się w języku niemieckim
63%
Głowińska B.
|
|
tom 19
PL
W artykule poruszono zagadnienie wykorzystania wiadomości internetowych na zajęciach z praktycznej nauki języka niemieckiego (PNJN) na studiach germanistycznych. Temat artykułu skłania do refleksji nad przydatnością tekstów internetowych jako materiału dydaktycznego, jest też okazją do przedstawienia praktycznych rozwiązań ukierunkowanych na doskonalenie umiejętności mówienia na zaawansowanym poziomie znajomości języka obcego.
EN
The article discusses the question of using news websites in teaching German as a foreign language to students of German philology. The article encourages reflection on the usefulness of texts available on-line as teaching materials and presents some practical solutions aimed at developing speaking skills at an advanced level of proficiency in a foreign language.
14
Wartości moralne utrwalone w nazwiskach odapelatywnych na Warmii (XVI–XVIII w.)
63%
Matusiak-Kempa I.
Prace Językoznawcze
|
2012
|
nr 14
187-197
EN
The article is an attempt at reconstructing value-loaded lexical content from Polish and German surnames. The names were recorded in Warmia between the 16th and 18th centuries. The research has revealed a set of moral values referred to in creating the analysed names. The lexical content encompasses the following semantic fields: honesty-dishonesty; kindness, friendly attitude to people people – hostile attitude; sincerity – insincerity; gentleness – impetuosity. The above mentioned classes included lexical content representing moral values and their anti-values. Pragmatic-lexical analysis revealed the existence of anthroponyms derived from lexemes which had a moral valuation by culturally based connotation
15
Reverse Lexical Transfer in a Multilingual’s Spoken Production in her Native Language
63%
Chłopek Z.
|
|
nr 32
33 - 51
EN
Psycho- and neurolinguistic research studies show that the languages present in the bi-/multilingual mind interact with each other. A person who has appropriated at least two languages possesses a highly complex and dynamic linguistic competence, whose inherent characteristic is cross-linguistic influence. Importantly, native languages are not spared from the influence of later appropriated non-native languages. Most studies dealing with reverse transfer focus on second language (L2) influences on the mother tongue (L1). This article takes the issue one step further, by investigating reverse transfer from three non-native languages into the mother tongue. In particular, it deals with the influence of the second language (English), the third language (German) and the fourth language (French) on the first language (Polish). The analysis of the occurrences of reverse lexical transfer observed in unstructured spoken production shows that a dominant native language may undergo influences of non-native languages, provided that they are also proficiently mastered and regularly activated. Reverse transfer is understood predominantly as a strategy resulting from the ability of a person fluent in their languages to juggle with their language competences in order to express a variety of concepts, to achieve specific communicative intentions and to compensate for temporary lexical retrieval problems.
16
Content available Národní jazyky v české knižní produkci druhé poloviny 18. století
63%
Bláha O.
Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)
|
2017
|
tom 9
|
nr 1
66-75
EN
The study considers the ratio between books written in one of the national languages (German, Czech), books written in Latin in the total book production of Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesiain 1751, 1761, 1771, 1781, and 1791. Data obtained by excerpting the catalogues of the National Library of Prague and the Scientific Library in Olomouc are used to outline the changing language situation in the Czech Lands. The author indicates that Czech as a language for more demanding communication (both written and printed) only faced a real threat at the end of the 18th century, when German occupied positions previously occupied by Latin, while the imports of German-languageliterature from the countries beyond the borders of Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia were rising. Furthermore, the author draws attention to the importance of Czech-language books in the output of Slovak and Hungarian printers for the creation of a language consciousness in the Czech Lands.
17
Content available remote Valenzrealisierung in juristischen Texten des Deutschen und des Polnischen
51%
Golonka J.
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
|
2017
|
nr 26
107-126
PL
Artykuł porusza istotny problem tzw. pragmatycznej walencji czasownika. Stanowi on analizę faktycznej realizacji syntaktycznych wymagań czasowników w niemieckich i polskich tekstach prawniczych. Autorka przedstawia typy syntagm zawierających czasowniki główne (pełnoznaczne) oraz ich wzorce walencyjne. Główny akcent położony jest na zbadanie licznych przypadków pełnej i niepełnej realizacji walencji, a także przykładów jej rozszerzenia. Osiągnięte wyniki Autorka porównuje z wynikami wcześniejszych analiz, którym poddano artykuły z czasopism, anonse reklamowe oraz wiersze.
DE
Der Artikel befasst sich mit einem relevanten Problem der pragmatischen Verbvalenz. Vor allem wird darin die tatsächliche Realisierung syntaktischer Verbforderungen in deutschen und polnischen juristischen Texten analysiert. Die Autorin untersucht zuerst die Syntagmentypen mit Hauptverben sowie deren Valenzmuster. Insbesondere erforscht sie aber die zahlreichen Fälle voller und reduzierter Valenzrealisierung wie auch die Beispiele der „Valenzerweiterung“. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Ergebnissen aus früheren Beiträgen der Autorin verglichen, in denen Zeitschriftenartikel, Werbeanzeigen und Gedichte auf Valenzrealisierung geprüft wurden.
EN
The article touches upon a significant issue relating to the pragmatic valency of verbs. Its main purpose is to show the factual implementation of the syntactic requirements of verb valency in German and Polish legal texts. The author not only analyses the syntagmas involving the main verbs and their valency patterns, but also the numerous cases of filled and incomplete valency implementation, as well as the examples of “valency expansion”. The results of this analysis are compared with the results of the previous studies by the author on valency implementation in magazine articles, ads and poetry.
18
Content available Komunikační funkce věty a modalita v Česko-německé srovnávací gramatice Františka Štíchy
51%
Šemelík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
|
2017
|
tom 99
|
nr 1
113-127
EN
This grammaticographic study deals with the communicative function of sentences and modality from a Czech-German contrastive perspective. The object under scrutiny is František Štícha’s CzechGerman Contrastive Grammar (2nd edition, 2015), one of the milestones of Czech-German contrastive linguistic analysis. The study focuses mainly on greeting formulas, modi, modal verbs, modal words and modal particles. It adresses the question as to how deficiences identified in the description of these phenomena in Czech-German Contrastive Grammar could be remedied. Crucially, special attention is devoted to the user aspect.
19
Content available MERLIN: Multilingvální platforma pro evropské referenční úrovně
51%
Štindlová B. , Čurdová V.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
|
2015
|
tom 97
|
nr 2
190-200
EN
The paper provides an overview of the motivation, development and major principles of the international project Merlin. The main output of this project is a unique trilingual learner corpus consisting of German, Italian and Czech. The corpus will be available as an online platform illustrating the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) with authentic learner data and enabling users to explore authentic written learner productions and related metadata (e.g. age, first language of the learner, etc.). Each text in the corpus is linguistically analysed during the multiphase error annotation. This process raises some problematic issues concerning the particularly specific character of Czech as a Slavic language. The paper summarises some of these problems and their possible solutions.
20
Content available Kookurenční databanka CCDB jako nástroj kontrastivní analýzy a překladu z češtiny do němčiny
51%
Kloudová V. , Šemelík M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
|
2013
|
tom 95
|
nr 1
39-51
EN
The paper deals with the possibilities of the co‑ occurrence database CCDB for translation from Czech into German. The analysis is carried out on two practical examples (rukopis and opačný) which are difficult for translators as there is no proper German or Czech‑ German dictionary that would include collocations based on language use. These collocations would help in many cases more than a (often too vague) general description of the meaning or a list of lexicographic synonyms. That is why this paper offers a combination of two approaches: a dictionary search combined with a CCDB analysis which can reveal tendencies in language use.
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