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1

Zastosowanie TLC i HPLC w analizie jakosciowej saponin

100%

Milala J. , Krol B.

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nr 3

39-47

PL

Metodą chromatografii cieczowej cienkowarstwowej TLC porównano skład jakościowy wybranych saponin i produktów ich hydrolizy kwasowej (aglikonów). Dobrano warunki rozdziału: glicyryzyny, saponiny białej i saponin z buraka cukrowego metodą wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej HPLC z zastosowaniem metanolu, jako głównego rozpuszczalnika. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie chromatografii cieczowej TLC i HPLC umożliwia udokumentowanie ogromnego zróżnicowania składu jakościowego i ilościowego badanych saponin. Dobry rozdział saponin z grupy glukuronidów metodą HPLC uzyskuje się przy elucji metanolem w fazie z dodatkiem TB A (wodorotlenek tetrabutyloamoniowy) o indywidualnie dobranym udziale metanolu.

EN

Qualitative composition of selected saponins and products of their acid hydrolysis were compared by TLC method. The conditions of separation of glycyrrhizic acid, white saponin, and sugar beet saponins by HPLC method with the use of methanol as a main solvent were elaborated. The use of liquid chromatography TLC and HPLC makes it possible to prove the huge differentiation of composition of qualitative and quantitative composition of examined saponins. Good separation of saponins from group of glucuronides was achived with methanol elution in phase method with addition of TBA (tetrabutyloammonium hydroxide).

2

Charakterystyka składu chemicznego owoców Rosa pomifera ‘Karpatia’

80%

Milala J. , Sojka M. , Krol K. , Buczek M.

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nr 5

PL

Celem pracy było określenie cech pomologicznych i składu chemicznego owoców Rosa pomifera ‘Karpatia’. Bezpośrednio po zbiorze owoce zamrożono i poddano suszeniu sublimacyjnemu. W miąższu i nasionach oznaczono składniki odżywcze oraz wybrane grupy polifenoli. W olejach otrzymanych z nasion oznaczono skład kwasów tłuszczowych. Wykazano, że miąższ zawierał w suchej masie 90 % węglowodanów ogółem, z tego 31,9 % stanowił błonnik. Ponadto, miąższ cechował się dużą zawartością witaminy C – 3,5 %. Z kolei nasiona zawierały w suchej masie 79 % węglowodanów ogółem, w tym 71,3 % błonnika. Nasiona charakteryzowały się znaczną zawartością tłuszczu (10,5 %) i białka (9,6 %). Olej otrzymany z nasion w 80 % składał się z kwasów tłuszczowych wielonienasyconych, przy czym kwas α-linolenowy stanowił 31,3 % sumy kwasów. Jest to większa zawartość aniżeli występująca w nasionach innych rodzimych odmian róż. Wśród związków polifenolowych, zarówno w miąższu, jak i nasionach dominowały flawanole, których średnia zawartość wynosiła odpowiednio 2783 mg/100 g s.m. i 842 mg/100 g s.m. Ponadto występowały: glikozydy kwercetyny i kempferolu, kwas elagowy wolny oraz związany. Rosa pomifera ‘Karpatia’ ze względu na takie cechy pomologiczne, jak: duże owoce, wysoki udział miąższu, jednorazowy zbiór, a także zawartość związków bioaktywnych: witaminy C i polifenoli może być uważana za cenną odmianę do przetwórstwa.

EN

The objective of the research study was to determine the pomological characteristics and chemical composition of ‘Karpatia’ Rosa pomifera fruits. Immediately after harvesting, the fruits were frozen and freeze-dried. The nutrients and selected groups of poly-phenols were determined in the flesh and seeds. The composition of fatty acid was determined in the oils obtained from the seeds. It was proved that the flesh contained 90 % of total carbohydrates in the dry mass; 31.9 % thereof was a dietary fibre. Moreover, the flesh was characterized by a high quantity of vitamin C: 3.5 %. Next, the seeds contained 79 % of total carbohydrates in the dry mass; 71.3 % thereof was a dietary fibre. The seeds were characterized by a significant content of fat (10.5 %) and protein (9.6 %). The oil obtained from the seeds comprised 80 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids; the α-linolenic acid constituted 31.3 % of total fatty acids. Their content was higher than that in the seeds of other native rose cultivars. Among the polyphenolic compounds, the flavanols predominated, both in the flesh and the seeds; their mean quantity was 2783 mg/100 g d.m. and 842 mg/100 g d.m., respectively. Furthermore, there were present: quercetin and kaempferol glycosides and free and bound ellagic acid. The ‘Karpatia’ Rosa pomifera can be considered a valuable cultivar in food processing owing to the following pomological features: large fruits, high percent content of flesh, one-time harvest, and, also, content of bioactive compounds, i.e. vitamin C and poly-phenols.

3

Composition and properties of chicory extracts rich in fructans and polyphenols

70%

Milala J. , Grzelak K. , Krol B. , Juskiewicz J. , Zdunczyk Z.

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tom 59

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nr 1

EN

The aim of this work was to evaluate the usability of different parts of chicory for obtaining extracts rich in fructans and polyphenols. The raw material consisted of dried chicory roots, chicory peels, leaves and seeds. It was subjected to water-ethanol extraction and extracts were subsequently lyophilized. The content of fructans and polyphenols was analysed as well as antioxidant capacity using DPPH method was determined in all preparations obtained. It was shown that multistage extraction of chicory roots or leaves using 75% ethanol combined with distillation of the solvent, followed by concentration of the solution and lyophilization led to obtaining dry preparations rich in fructans and polyphenols. Lyophilized fructan-polyphenol extracts produced from roots and peels contained 61.8% and 47.7% of fructans in dry matter, respectively. The content of the most beneficial FOS with DP3÷10 in those preparations reached 47.3% and 34.5% of dry matter, respectively. The preparations contained from 0.5 to 1.7% of polyphenols, with chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids predominating. The lyophilized extract obtained from chicory seeds was the richest in polyphenol compounds and contained over 10% of total phenolics, including 71% of dicaffeoylquinic acids, and was characterised by the highest antioxidant activity (0.513 mmol TAEC/g of preparation).

4

Concentrations of blood serum and urinal ellagitannin metabolites depend largely on the post-intake time and duration of strawberry phenolics ingestion in rats

61%

Zary-Sikorska E. , Kosmala M. , Milala J. , Fotschki B. , Ognik K. , Juskiewicz J.

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nr 4

EN

The different duration of a strawberry phenolic fraction intake and different post-intake time were experimental factors affecting the concentrations of ellagitannin metabolites in the urine and blood serum of rats. For four days, the animals were gavaged once a day as follows: group C (water, days 1–4), group F1–4 (fraction, days 1–4), group F1–3 (fraction, days 1–3; water, day 4), group F1–2 (fraction, days 1, 2; water, days 3, 4), group F3–4 (water, days 1, 2; fraction, days 3, 4), and group F4 (water, days 1–3; and fraction, day 4). The daily dosage of the fraction gavaged to one rat was 20 mg/kg of body weight. The fraction contained monomers and dimers of ellagitannins as well as proanthocyanidins. The caecal, urinal, and blood serum ellagitannin metabolites were analysed 12 h after the last treatment. Ellagic acid, urolithin A, and nasutin A were detected in the caecal digesta. In turn, urolithin A, nasutin A, and their glucuronide conjugates were detected in the urine, while urolithin A glucuronide, nasutin A glucuronide, and ellagic acid dimethyl ether glucuronide were found in the serum. The highest caecal and urinal concentrations of ellagitannin metabolites followed the F1–4 treatment. In the serum, the highest concentrations of the metabolites were determined in the rats administered the phenolic fraction during days 1–4 and 3–4. No metabolites were found in the rats following the C and F1–2 treatments. The results suggest that the presence of ellagitannin metabolites in the rat’surine and serum largely refl ects the concentrations of caecal metabolites and the number of subsequent days of strawberry phenolic fraction administration.

5

Wpływ polifenoli z wytłoków z pseudoowoców Rosa rugosa Thunb. na wzrost bakterii z rodzaju Lactobacillus

51%

Piekarska-Radzik L. , Klewicka E. , Milala J. , Klewicki R. , Rosol N. , Matysiak B. , Sojka M. , Markowski J.

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nr 3