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tom 34
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nr 3-4
1219-1224
PL
W herbatach fermentowanych i niefermentowanych wyprodukowanych z liści krzewu herbacianego (Camellia sinensis) oraz otrzymanych z liści ostrokrzewu paragwajskiego (Ilex paraguariensis) i czerwonokrzewu afrykańskiego(Aspalathush linearis) oraz w naparach z tych herbat oznaczono zawartość wybranych mikroelementów - cynku i miedzi. Próbki suchych surowców oraz napary herbaciane mineralizowano "na sucho" w temp 450°C. Oznaczenia badanych mikroelementów wykonano z fazy wodnej stosując absorpcyjną spektrometrię atomową, w aparacie SOLAAR M5. Największe zawartości cynku stwierdzono w Yerba Mate' Tea, herbatach typu Pu-Erh i w herbacie Hedley's ze Sri Lanki, natomiast miedzi - w herbacie Hedley's. Herbaty Yerba Mate' i Rooibos zawierają mniejsze ilości miedzi w porównaniu z herbatami z Camellia sinensis. Napary sporządzane głównie z liści krzewu herbacianego mogą stanowić uzupełnienie diety w niezbędne dla organizmu człowieka mikroelementy - cynk i miedź.
EN
The contents of selected elements- zinc and copper were determined in the fermented and non-fermented teas produced from the leaves of Camellia sinensis and those obtained from Yerba Mate' (Ilex paraguariensis) and Red Bush (Aspalathush linearis) and in the infusions from these teas. The samples of the dry herbs and herbal infusions were mineralized “dry” at the temperature of 450°C. The determination of these elements were done from the aqueous phase by the application of AAS in SOLAAR M5 apparatus. The highest zinc levels were confirmed in Yerba Mate' Tea and teas of Pu-Erh and Hedley's Tea from Sri Lanka and of copper in Hedley's Tea. Yerba Mate' and Rooibos teas contain smaller amounts of copper as compared to teas from leaves of Camellia sinensis. Infusions were prepared mainly from Camellia sinensis teas may be a supplement of human diet supplementing the organism in two microelements: zinc and in copper.
EN
In plant breeding field trials plant competition effects can seriously distort the treatment contrasts. To detect the effects, the special designs, known as competition designs, should be applied. In the study the so-called competition diallel with 5 genotypes was used to estimate the competition effects in pea, faba bean and yellow lupin. For each species the two trials with 1- and 3-row plots were established. Soil samples were taken to assess spatial soil variation. The semivariances of soil properties (pH, P, K, Mg) were calculated and semivariogram models were fitted. Finally, kriging was applied to predict the values of the soil properties for each plot. The general linear models were applied to estimate the magnitude of neighbor effects and the spatial effects of soil variation. The competition effects were calculated according to the competition diallel model using original data and residuals after elimination of soil spatial effects. The competition effects in yield of grain legumes depended on the plot size as well as on the species and its growth habit. The competition effects in 1-row plot experiment ranged from 10 to 40% in pea, 10 to 30% in faba bean and 10 to 100% in yellow lupin. For the 3-row plot experiment the effects ranged from 0 to 10% in pea and faba bean and 5 to 50% in yellow lupin. The competition analysis with additional information on soil variation in comparison with the analysis using the original plot data may extend the interpretation of specific competition relations between the genotypes of a given crop.
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