Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zaburzenia rytmów biologicznych pod wpływem zanieczyszczenia światłem - wybrane fizjologiczne aspekty niedoboru melatoniny oraz witaminy D

100%

Jurkowlaniec E.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2017

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tom T. 21, cz. 2

47--57

EN

The increase in time of exposure to artificial lighting affects physiological processes in animals and humans. Changes in physiological rhythms result mainly from malfunction of the master clock, located in humans in the nucleus suprachiasmaticus of the anterior hypothalamus, and in consequence – from reduction of melatonin amount produced in the pineal gland and secreted into the circulation only in the dark. That hormone regulates a number of body functions, and its deficiency in the conditions of increased exposure to light is associated, among others, with various forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Anticarcinogenic effects of melatonin are due to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiestrogen properties. Reducing the level of melatonin also interferes with the normal rhythm of sleep and wakefulness, making sleep lighter and increasing the risk of depression. Increased exposure to artificial light, with limited time spent under natural, solar light also causes deficit of calcitriol - vitamin D, whose initial synthesis takes place in the skin due to UV radiation. Vitamin D deficiency may lead to cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, increased insulin resistance and diabetes, as well as obesity. In the paper, selected aspects of the physiological mechanisms leading to the development of the above disorders.

PL

Wzrost czasu ekspozycji na sztuczne oświetlenie wpływa na przebieg procesów fizjologicznych u zwierząt i ludzi. Zmiana rytmów fizjologicznych jest głównie następstwem nieprawidłowego funkcjonowania głównego zegara, zlokalizowanego u człowieka w jądrze nadskrzyżowaniowym przedniego podwzgórza, a w konsekwencji - zmniejszenia ilości wytwarzanej w szyszynce melatoniny, wydzielanej do krwiobiegu wyłącznie w ciemności. Hormon ten reguluje szereg funkcji organizmu, a jego niedobór w warunkach zwiększonej ekspozycji na światło wiązany jest m.in. z różnymi postaciami nowotworów, w tym nowotworów piersi. Antykancerogenne działanie melatoniny wynika z jej właściwości antyoksydacyjnych, immunomodulacyjnych i antyestrogenowych. Obniżenie poziomu melatoniny zaburza również prawidłowy rytm snu i czuwania, spłycając sen i zwiększając ryzyko depresji. Zwiększona ekspozycja na sztuczne światło, z ograniczeniem czasu przebywania w warunkach naturalnego, słonecznego oświetlenia wywołuje również deficyt kalcytriolu - witaminy D, której początkowy etap syntezy zachodzi w skórze pod wpływem promieniowania UV. Niedobór witaminy D może prowadzić do chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i miażdżycy, wzrostu insulinooporności i cukrzycy oraz otyłości. W artykule zostaną przedstawione wybrane aspekty mechanizmów fizjologicznych, prowadzących do powstania powyższych zaburzeń.

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Intrahypothalamic injections of noradrenaline as a reinforcement of motivated behavior and induction of the alimentary drive

63%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Cytawa J.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1979

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tom 30

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nr 1

3

Noradrenergic stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus as a reinforcement in T maze learning in rats

63%

Cytawa J. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1978

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tom 38

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nr 4

4

An attempt to use central dopaminergic stimulation as a reinforcement fot T-maze learning in rats

63%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Cytawa J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1981

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tom 41

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nr 4

5

Hippocampal theta rhythm after strychnine microinjection into the rostral part of nucleus reticularis pontis oralis in rats

63%

Kroplewski M. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 3

6

Intrahypothalamic microinjections of noradrenaline with and without induction of the alimentary drive as a reward in A T maze learning in rats

63%

Cytawa J. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1979

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tom 39

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nr 1

7

Differential effect of the damage to the lateral hypothalamic area on hippocampal theta rhythm during waking and paradoxical sleep

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Trojniar W. , Ozorowska T. , Tokarski J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1989

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tom 49

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nr 4

8

Analysis of motor activity in lacteral hypothalamic insomniac rats

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Orzel-Gryglewska J. , Trojniar W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1992

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tom 52

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nr 3

9

The effect of gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone, on theta rhythm in anesthetized rats

51%

Matulewicz P. , Konopacki J. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 3

10

The EEG activity after lesions of the diencephalic part of the zona incerta in rats

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Trojniar W. , Tokarski J.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1990

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tom 41

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nr 7

EN

Jurkowlaniec E., Trojniar W. and Tokarski J.: The EEG activity after lesions of the diencephalic part of the zona incerta in rats, Acta Physiol. Pol. Neocortical and hippocampal EEG activity was recorded in 23 rats subjected to the bilateral electrolytic lesions of the diencephalic zona incerta (ZI). The aim was to find whether damage to ZI can replicate insomnia and disturbances in cortical EEG desynchronization and hippocampal theta rhythm found after lesions of the lateral hypothalamic (LH) area. No effect of the ZI lesions on waking-sleep cycle was found. The amplitude and frequency of cortical waves and hippocampal theta rhythm during waking were changed only in some rats. These changes were small, short-lasting and bidirectional (toward and increase or decrease in different subjects). Both the amplitude and frequency of paradoxical sleep theta were depressed in part of animals. Thus the marked EEG changes after LH lesions can not be attributed to simultaneous damage of the adjacent subthalamic region. However, the ZI seems to constitute a part of a larger system regulating cortical arousal and hippocampal theta rhythm.

11

The effect of lateral hypothalamic lesions on spontaneous eeg pattern in rats

51%

Trojniar W. , Jurkowlaniec E. , Orzel-Gryglewska J. , Tokarski J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1987

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tom 47

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nr 1

12

Power spectral analysis of EEG in lateral hypothalamic insomniac rats

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Pracki T. , Trojniar W. , Tokarski J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1995

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tom 55

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nr 5

13

The influence of electrical stimulation of the raphe magnus on rat behaviours

51%

Ptaszek K. , Plucinska K. , Polasik P. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2015

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tom 75

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nr Supl.

EN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The activity of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain is strictly connected with the raphe nuclei. They are connected mainly with and influence the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures. Clinical studies indicate that 30% of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have elevated platelet 5-HT level. The aim of the study was to investigate whether chronic (16-days) electrical stimulation of the raphe magnus (RMg) in rats can evoke behaviours comparable with the behaviours present in people with ASD. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were implanted with electrodes into the RMg under isoflurane anaesthesia. After 10-days convalescence chronic electrical stimulation began. Rats were divided into stimulated (n=6) and non-stimulated (sham/n=7) groups. Every day 25 stimulation trials were carried out, consisting of 30 s stimulation followed by 20 s interval. In sham group no current was passed through the electrode. During stimulations the locomotor activity was measured. Furthermore, the rats’ anxiety level and social responses were analyzed respectively on the 3rd and 8th day after the first stimulation. RESULTS: Locomotor activity was significantly higher in the experimental groups. At the intensity of 60–90 μA we observed rapid breathing, sniffing, and cage exploration, and at 110–140 μA – cage exploration and circular body movements. The anxiety level, analyzed as the time spent in closed arms in the elevated plus maze test, was comparable; nevertheless, social activity, measured in the three chamber test as a preference to a social stimulus, was reduced in the stimulated rats. CONCLUSIONS: Electrical stimulation of the RMg induced hyperlocomotor and reduced social behaviours, which are the symptoms often present in the course of ASD. The obtained results suggest that hyperactivity of the serotonergic system may play a role in the development of ASD. The research was funded by Young Researcher grant, 538-L124- B598-14

14

Central cholinergic systems in rats of different responsiveness to novelty

51%

Prabucka I. , Cecot T. , Jurkowlaniec E. , Trojniar W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2003

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tom 63

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nr 5

15

Temporal inactivation of the pedunculpontine nucleus suppresses hippocampal theta rhythm induced by electrical stimulation of the nucleus pontis oralis in rats

51%

Matulewicz P. , Kusmierczak M. , Orzel-Gryglewska J. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2011

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tom 71

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nr S

XX

Synchronous neuronal activity in the hippocampus (theta rhythm) can be elicited in urethanized rats with sensory stimulation as well as with electrical or pharmacological stimulation of different nuclei of the brainstem. It is known that two of these nuclei, the nucleus pontis oralis (RPO) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), play an important role in theta regulation, however, it is still unclear which of them is essential for expression of theta in the hippocampus. In the present study we investigated the effect of temporal inactivation of PPN on the hippocampal theta rhythm induced by electrical stimulation applied to RPO. The experiments were performed on 5 male Wistar rats in deep urethane anesthesia with its level monitored on the basis of breathing rate. Animals were implanted with bilateral recording electrodes into the dorsal hippocampus and stimulation electrode into the RPO. Hippocampal EEG was recorded during repeated electrical stimulation of RPO in control conditions and also following intra-PPN administration of procaine. In all animals electrical stimulation of the RPO (200 - 300 mA, 30 s) induced episodes of robust hippocampal theta rhythm in both hippocampi which lasted for the whole period of the electrical stimulation (30 s) with no latency. After temporal inactivation of the PPN by direct procaine microinjection (20% solution/0.5 μl), electrical stimulations of the RPO were not able to induce synchronous activity in the hippocampus. Neuronal activity within the RPO and PPN nuclei changes during sleep/wake cycle including paradoxical sleep, of which hippocampal theta rhythm is an important indicator. Regular theta rhythm in the hippocampus is also present during urethane anesthesia which was applied in our experiments. Our results indicate that undisturbed neuronal activity within the PPN is crucial for evoking hippocampal theta rhythm with electrical stimulation of RPO, which suggests superior role of the PPN.

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Local administration of muscimol (GABAA receptor agonist) into the medial mammillary nucleus suppresses hippocampal theta rhythm in urethane-anesthetized rats

51%

Zakowski W. , Braszka L. , Zawistowski P. , Jurkowlaniec E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2017

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tom 77

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nr Suppl.1

EN

INTRODUCTION: The mammillary body is a part of so-called extended hippocampal system and its importance for memory is well known. Our previous study has revealed that pharmacological inactivation of the medial mammillary nucleus (MM) attenuates theta rhythm activity in the hippocampus (HP) in urethane-anesthetized rats. In this study, we examined the involvement of GABAergic transmission in the MM in the regulation of hippocampal theta rhythm. AIM(S): The aim of this study was to investigate whether local administration of GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol) into the MM affects theta rhythm in the HP in urethane-anesthetized rats. METHOD(S): Male Wistar rats were implanted with unilateral recording electrodes into the dorsal HP (CA1) and unilateral injection cannula into the lateral part of the MM. Animals received microinjection of either muscimol (n=5) or water (n=5). 1-min tail pinch stimulations were applied at 5- and 10-min intervals to evoke theta rhythm episodes in the HP. Changes in local field potential were assessed on the basis of percent change of total EEG signal power for 1-Hz bands. RESULTS: We found that intra-MM muscimol injection suppressed sensory-elicited theta rhythm in the HP. The infusion decreased the EEG signal power most significantly in 3–4 Hz band, down to 19.1%, and in 7–8 Hz band, down to 48.6%, in comparison to the pre‑injection conditions (100%). Simultaneously, the injection increased total power in delta frequency bands, up to 2415.6% in 0.5–1 Hz band. No significant changes in the hippocampal field activity were found after the water injections in the control water group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed for the first time that GABAergic transmission of the MM is significantly involved in electrophysiological activity of the HP in urethane-anesthetized rats. The obtained results also confirmed the importance of the mammillary body in regulating a theta-rhythm signaling in the extended hippocampal system. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This research was supported by the National Science Centre (DEC-2014/12/S/NZ3/00621).

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Effect of injection of procaine into the ventral tegmental area on hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat

51%

Orzel-Gryglewska J. , Jurkowlaniec E. , Trojniar W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2001

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tom 61

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nr 3

18

Daily pattern of EEG activity in rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Trojniar W. , Tokarski J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1994

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tom 45

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nr 3

19

Effect of lateral hypothalamic lesion on sleep-waking pattern and EEG power spectra in the rat

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Pracki T. , Trojniar W. , Tokarski J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1996

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tom 56

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nr 1

20

Effect of unilateral ibotenate lesions of the ventral tegmental area on cortical and hippocampal EEG in freely behaving rats

51%

Jurkowlaniec E. , Tokarski J. , Trojniar W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2003

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tom 63

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nr 4