Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Inwestycja w pobliżu obiektów wojskowych

Woźny Jakub, Sudół Korina A.

Inżynier Budownictwa

|

2024

|

nr 3

25

2

Changes in the Polish market for agricultural organic products

Kociszewski Karol, Sobocińska Magdalena, Krupowicz Joanna, Graczyk Andrzej, Mazurek-Łopacińska Krystyna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2023

|

nr 1

259--286

EN

This paper attempts to identify changes in the factors influencing the functioning and evolution of the Polish market for organic agricultural products. It brings together the results of surveys of farmers (carried out in 2011, 2019, and 2021), distributors (carried out in 2019 and 2021), and consumers (carried out in 2009 and 2021). Initially, farmers believed that the greatest opportunities for market development lay in demand factors, including in particular consumer environmental awareness. In 2021, their opinions worsened in this regard, which means they had difficulties reaching consumers. Another opportunity that was less popular than before was the EU subsidies. This is due to administrative and bureaucratic burdens, which, along with high production costs and weak links between farmers and distributors, were considered to be the biggest barriers to market development. For distributors, the survey produced similar conclusions. According to consumers, the greatest opportunities for market development result from increasing environmental awareness, increased diversity of products and better promotion. The barriers they highlighted include high prices, limited environmental education, lack of adequate state support, and insufficient information about the offer.

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie zmian czynników wpływających na funkcjonowanie polskiego rynku ekologicznych produktów pochodzenia rolniczego oraz czynników wpływających na przyszły rozwój tego rynku. Zawiera on syntezę wyników badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród rolników (z lat 2011, 2019, 2021), dystrybutorów (z lat 2019 i 2021) i konsumentów (z lat 2009 i 2021). Wyniki badań z 2011 i 2019 wykazały, że według rolników największe szanse rozwoju rynku wiążą się z czynnikami popytowymi, w tym zwłaszcza świadomością ekologiczną konsumentów. W 2021 r. opinie te pogorszyły się, co wskazuje, że rolnicy napotykają trudności w dotarciu ze swoją ofertą do konsumentów. Dotacje unijne również straciły na znaczeniu, co wiąże się z utrudnieniami administracyjnymi i biurokratycznymi. Obok wysokich kosztów produkcji i słabości powiązań rolników z dystrybutorami stanowią one największe bariery rozwoju rynku. Podobne wnioski wynikają z wyników badań dystrybutorów. Według konsumentów największymi szansami rozwoju rynku są rosnąca świadomość ekologiczna, zwiększenie różnorodności oferty i lepsza promocja. Ograniczeniami są wysoka cena, znikoma edukacja ekologiczna, brak odpowiedniego wsparcia ze strony państwa oraz zbyt mało informacji o ofercie.

3

Environmental restrictions on agricultural properties located in protected area in the Western Pomeranian Voivodship

Blaszke Małgorzata, Zaremba Aneta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

71--80

EN

Purpose: The aim of the publication is to provide a concise overview of the restrictions on the use of agricultural properties located in protected areas. Design/methodology/approach: As regards protected areas the Central Statistical Office publishes basic information annually in its studies and in the Local Data Bank on the forms of nature protection established in a given area, such as the area and forms and use in general terms for the whole country or by voivodeship, district and sometimes commune. However, it does not provide information on the overlapping of individual forms of nature protection and their spatial distribution, which was necessary in the case of this study. Therefore, an analysis of the spatial distribution and diversity of protected areas in the West Pomeranian Province was carried out using data made available by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection (individual forms of nature protection), the Central Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Centre (territorial division units of the country), and cadastral data by districts from the Land Parcel Identification System. The study also used data from the Central Register of Nature Protection Forms maintained by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection and the Local Data Bank provided by the Central Statistical Office. Findings: The most restrictive restrictions on the management of agricultural real estate in protected areas occur in the case of the two most important legal forms of nature protection: national parks and nature reserves. With regard to the other forms of nature conservation, these restrictions are not felt as much by property owners. Originality/value: Research on the analysis of specific properties located in protected areas is rare. The authors wanted to show the constraints, difficulties faced by owners of agricultural properties located in environmentally valuable areas.

4

Comparative analysis of static and dynamic facility layouts design using the modeling of plantain flour as case study

Adeyeri Michael Kanisuru, Ayodeji Sesan Peter

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

|

Vol. 28, Iss. 1

12--20

EN

Profit optimization at the expense of minimal resource utilization for product development has been the major focus of prospective investors. In an attempt to realize this goal, the present research consideration is tailored towards investigating the effect of introducing dynamic facility layout design. Therefore, this research study uses an existing designed plantain flour processing plant that consists of a washing machine, grating machine, dryer, milling machine and sieving machine. Modeling techniques incorporated with software development were employed on the existing static plant layout to optimize production time and cost of each of the processing units along with the layout. Also, dynamic constraints were introduced into the layouts while mathematical models were formulated to visualize how the output and production process would be. With these models, software for the optimization of static and dynamic layouts was developed. The comparative study was carried out based on the processing time, the number of machines needed for each layout type, the cost of operation and machine procurement cost for both static and dynamic layouts. The constraints introduced ensured that the system improved within the cost limit based on the current market situation and prevented unnecessary enlargement in the plant facility size while minimizing material congestion in the system. The distinction between static and dynamic layout configurations was further established by comparing the results from the layout configurations for a set of throughput masses ranging from 50 kg to 250 kg. Results showed that the cost of operation drops drastically by 69.6 % under dynamic layout configuration.

5

Insects as Food – Opportunities and Constraints®

Nasir Syifa Qolbiyah, Świąder Katarzyna

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

|

2022

|

nr 2

137--154

EN

The interest of the food and feed industry in animal protein alternatives is increasing worldwide. Among the most commonly used alternatives are plant proteins, but interest in insect proteins as well as the use of whole insects in food is still growing. The aim of this study was to analyze the possibilities of using edible insects in food as well as the limitations associated with their use in food products. The production process, safety issues, consumer opinion, popularity of insects in different corners of the world, nutritional value, as well as the sustainability of insect production as a protein source compared to conventional production are discussed. The opportunities as well as the limitations in the use of insects in food were highlighted. Many examples of the use of insects in equal food products were also given. Despite the emerging economic and environmental opportunities associated with the use of edible insects as a protein alternative in the future, there are still some limitations and restrictions on the industrialization of edible insects in food products, from the breeding, processing and promotion of edible insects to their acceptance among consumers.

PL

Zainteresowanie przemysłu spożywczego jak i paszowego alternatywami białka zwierzęcego jest coraz większe na świecie. Wśród najczęściej wykorzystywanych alternatyw są biała roślinne, niemniej jednak zainteresowanie białkiem owadzim jak również wykorzystaniem całych owadów w żywności nadal rośnie. Celem artykułu była analiza możliwości wykorzystania jadalnych owadów w żywności jak również ograniczeń związanych z ich użyciem w produktach spożywczych. Omówiono proces produkcji, kwestie dotyczące bezpieczeństwa, opinii konsumenckiej, popularności owadów w różnych zakątkach świata, wartości odżywczej, jak również zrównoważonej produkcji owadów jako źródła białka w porównaniu do produkcji konwencjonalnej. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwości jak i ograniczenia w zastosowaniu owadów w żywności. Podano również wiele przykładów wykorzystania owadów w różnych produktach spożywczych. Pomimo pojawiających się możliwości ekonomicznych i środowiskowych związanych z wykorzystaniem jadalnych owadów jako alternatywy dla białka w przyszłości, nadal istnieją pewne ograniczenia i restrykcje w uprzemysłowieniu jadalnych owadów w produktach spożywczych, od hodowli, przetwarzania i promowania jadalnych owadów po ich akceptację wśród konsumentów.

6

Prefabrykacja w budownictwie

Rybarczyk Tomasz

Izolacje

|

2022

|

R. 27, nr 11/12

75--77

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest prefabrykacja w budownictwie. Przedstawiono w nim rys historyczny powstania i stosowania prefabrykacji na polskim rynku. Przedstawiono zarówno zalety, jak i ograniczenia stosowania elementów prefabrykowanych.

EN

The subject of the article is prefabrication in construction. It presents a historical outline of the creation and use of prefabrication on the Polish market. Both the advantages and limitations of the use of prefabricated elements were presented.

7

The restrictions of human rights –covid-19 pandemic and ethical issues

Siegel Lukáš

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 154

281--289

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze some of the most significant ethical and human rights impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis aims to demonstrate the failures of many political decision that lead to restriction and limitation of human rights Design/methodology/approach: We analyze various documents, reports and news articles that provide essential information about the different governmental restrictions that may lead to controversial human rights issues. We also use some philosophical texts to support our theoretical basis for the defence of human rights. Overall, we aim to find some of the groups that were vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic and describe some of the human rights concerns and ethical issues. Social implications: We hope that our article will impact political regulations and restrictions that can have severe human rights implications. We also hope to inspire citizens, scientists and politicians to uphold and protect human rights and dignity during COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: In our article, we have found that many countries had problems with creating rules, restriction and regulations that are upholding and protecting human rights or did not have ethical implications. We have also found that many vulnerable groups were disadvantaged because regulations did not take into account their precarious position. Originality/value: We have analyzed the ongoing ethical and human rights problems with the COVID-19 pandemic because we believe that they present some of the most fundamental challenges to our society. Our analysis tries to demonstrate some of the most fundamental human rights issues and proposes to address these issues to avoid any future failures.

8

Analiza wpływu COVID-19 na funkcjonowanie transportu pasażerskiego

Bryniarska Zofia, Kuza Aleksandra

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

|

2021

|

nr 10

3--18

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu Covid-19 na funkcjonowanie różnych gałęzi transportu pasażerskiego w 2020 i w pierwszej połowie 2021 roku w Polsce i na świecie. Omówiono wskaźnik surowości wprowadzanych restrykcji rządowych. Pokazano, jak wybuch pandemii Covid-19 wpłynął na decyzje rządów dotyczące wprowadzania ograniczeń w życiu społecznym oraz na zmiany w mobilności podczas trwania pandemii Covid-19. Przedstawiono zmiany wielkości przewozów w transporcie pasażerskim ogółem oraz w poszczególnych gałęziach transportu, zmiany mobilności społeczeństwa w miastach, regionach i skali międzynarodowej oraz ich wpływ na zachowania komunikacyjne społeczeństwa w przyszłości.

EN

The article presents an analysis of the impact of Covid-19 on the functioning of various modes of passenger transport in 2020 and in the first half of 2021 in Poland and in the world. The indicator of the severity of the introduced government restrictions was discussed. It shows how the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic influenced governments’ decisions to impose restrictions on social life and changes in mobility during the Covid-19 pandemic. Changes in the volume of passenger transport in total and in individual modes of transport, changes in the mobility of the society in cities, regions and on an international scale, as well as their impact on the future transport behaviour of the society were presented.

9

Impact of reverse logistics barriers on sustainable firm performance via reverse logistics practices

Waqas Muhammad, Honggang Xue, Khan Syed Abdul Rehman, Ahmad Naveed, Ullah Zia, Iqbal Muzaffar

LogForum

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2021

|

Vol. 17, no. 2

213--230

EN

Background: Due to the industrial revolution, extensive production, more raw materials are consumed, which are enough for landfills and disturbing environmental integrity. RL is an established concept in developed countries in comparison to developing countries. RL implementation is in its infancy due to some barriers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the RL barriers through literature review and to check their effect on the adoption of RL practices and to explain either they influence the firm performance or not. Method: Data were collected from the employees of manufacturing companies and relevant government institutes and later were analyzed by using the structural equation modelling technique. A novel structural model connecting all study variables was developed to verify the impact of RL barriers on sustainable firm performance. Results: Study results show that Infrastructure & technology, Financial & economic, Knowledge & experience-based barriers are critical and negatively affect the adoption of RL practices. The adoption of RL practices has a positive effect on the company’s economic and environmental performance both. Further, the mediating role of adoption of RL practices between RL barriers and firm performance was also found. Conclusion: The results of this research help to extend literature presenting that the ecological modernization and new environmental laws and regulation should be integrated with enterprises to mitigate infrastructure & technology, financial & economic and knowledge & experience related barriers by conducting proper training programs and promoting sustainability among company’s top managemenT.

PL

Wstęp: Wskutek wzrastającego rozwoju przemysłowego i intensyfikacji produkcji, zużywa się coraz więcej surowców, co z kolei wpływa na stan środowiska. Logistyki zwrotna (RL) to koncepcja dobrze rozwinięta w krajach rozwiniętych w stosunku do krajów rozwijających się. Wdrożenie logistyki zwrotnej jest w swojej początkowej fazie ze względu na wiele czynników ograniczających i utrudniających jej wprowadzenie. Celem pracy jest identyfikacji barier wpływających na logistykę zwrotną poprzez przegląd literatury oraz sprawdzenie wpływu tych czynników na wdrażanie praktyk logistyki zwrotnej jak również sprawdzenie czy mają one wpływ na działalność przedsiębiorstwa czy nie. Metody: Dane do badania zostały zebrane od pracowników przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych oraz odpowiednich instytucji rządowych i poddane analizie przy zastosowaniu metody modelowania równania strukturalnego. Nowatorski model strukturalny uwzględnia w sobie wszystkie analizowane zmienne w celu oceny wpływu barier logistyki zwrotnej na rozwój zrównoważony przedsiębiorstwa. Wyniki: Badanie wykazuje, że czynniki: Infrastruktura i technologia, Finanse i ekonomia, Wiedza i doświadczenie, są czynnikami krytycznymi i mają negatywny wpływ na zaadoptowaniepraktyk logistyki zwrotnej. Wdrożenie praktyk logistyki zwrotnej ma pozytywny efekt na działalność ekonomiczną i środowiskową przedsiębiorstwa. Wnioski: Osiągnięte rezultaty pozwalają na poszerzenie dostępnej literatury, pokazując, że modernizacja ekologiczna oraz nowe prawodawstwa związane z ochroną środowiska powinno być zintegrowane w przedsiębiorstwie w celu zniwelowania barier związanych z czynnikami z grup Infrastruktura i technologia, Finanse i ekonomia, Wiedza i doświadczenie poprzez odpowiednio szkolenia oraz przez promowanie rozwoju zrównoważonego wśród szczebla najwyższego kierownictwa przedsiębiorstw.

10

COVID-19 and tourism – the case of Poland

Wiskulski Tomasz

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

|

2020

|

nr 23(2) spec.

35--39

EN

Despite widespread information about COVID-19 disease in the media, the world did not want to acknowledge that the epidemic could get out of hand and reach Europe in a short time. This shortly led to an almost complete halt in the tourism market. Administrative decisions, whose rapid implementation was aimed to be pre-emptive action for the development of the epidemic, were not without significance for the sector of tourist services. Steps taken in Poland were perceived by many people as too drastic. This is proved, in consistence with the Senbeto and Hon model (2020), by the fact that part of the society did not obey the restrictions, taking previously planned tourist trips. The article presents actions taken at the national level and restrictions resulting from actions taken with regard to mobility related to the implementation of tourist objectives. An attempt was also made to present the consequences of the pandemic for the tourist traffic in national terms.

11

Elaboration of an expert system for sizing, designing and verifying flexible pavements

Bouacha Nadjet, Belachia Mouloud

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2020

|

Vol. 30, no. 3

94--121

EN

The use of expert systems in the world of civil engineering, and in particular for roads, has become a necessity for the reason of the particularity, complexity, and diversity of the influencing parameters at the level of the design calculation, the latter of which represents the major source of subsequent degradation. This system consists of proposing a tool for helping the user firstly to size the body of the roadway, with several analytical methods and models (Pre-project, Boussinesq, Westgaard, and Burmister), and secondly, to offer different design possibilities (thickness and type of the material) that make up the layers. Lastly, it is to calculate the stresses and strains in order to compare them with admissible limits. The management of a knowledge base of complex natures (words, sentences, numbers, symbols, tables, calculation methods, equations, conditions, etc.) requires an adequate methodology which goes beyond the simple use of the technology but enables you to imagine the process of regrouping this mass of complex data and classifying the data, which can then be integrated into a database or spreadsheets and external programs designed with code compatible with the expert system generator. Our contribution relates initially to the formulation, organization, and preparation of the algorithms, and then the starting of the programs in order to conceive fully executable programs, the latter of which we can call the expert system. The validation of such a system was made as the work progressed, changes were made in the formulation of the rules, and the order and orientation of the data in the knowledge that the advantage of this type of system is the possibility of permanently reinforcing the database with human expertise in the field, or in books, especially so that we can avoid data loss due to illnesses, retirement, etc.

12

Potential and Limits of OEE in the Total Productivity Management

Šajdlerová Ivana, Schindlerová Vladimíra, Kratochvíl Jiří

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

|

Vol. 14, no 2

19--26

EN

For years, management of companies has been turning to proven techniques and tools to achieve even higher productivity. They hope for, if possible, all-inclusive, easy and efficient procedures to manage their production systems. In principle, this applies to all organizations, regardless of the sector or the company focus. Especially in industrial enterprises with different machines and equipment for production processes, the quantitative indicator „Overall Equipment Effectiveness“ (OEE) has been used in recent years as a key indicator to monitor their efficiency and process performance. This indicator provides relatively simple information about the possibilities and utilization of machines and equipment as well as the quality achieved in the production processes. If the OEE indicator is determined correctly, based on the available and correct data in a system, processes can be better controlled, managed and improved. However, it is important to properly monitor (decode) the data and to understand them. The paper presents the potential but also the limits (obstacles) of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) on case studies in selected domestic enterprises in the Moravian-Silesian region.

13

Elimination of constraints in the production process of power equipment components and the analysis of the resulting benefits

Knop Krzysztof

Production Engineering Archives

|

2019

|

Vol. 24

37--42

EN

The article presents the results regarding the elimination of constraints in the production process of a power equipment subassembly, a boiler chamber, together with an analysis of the benefits resulting from this, both financial and non-financial. The significance of bottlenecks in the production process, ways of its identification and limitations - in general - are presented. The article is a case-study of an attempt to eliminate the bottleneck in the production process of the boiler chamber, which turned out to be the process of drilling and marking-off, and work stations representing these processes. In order to eliminate the limitation, it was decided to replace the existing tracing and drilling work with a numerically controlled device - a boring machine moved from the liquidated department.. As a result, labor-intensive, manual chambers marking-off and the process of drilling holes with a smaller diameter drill have been eliminated. A number of benefits has been demonstrated resulting from the elimination of the bottleneck in the process, first of all, it was possible to reduce the duration of the marking-off and drilling operations and reduce the costs of the boiler chamber production process.

14

Nieprawidłowości w dokumentowaniu badań lekarskich w przedmiocie zdolności do kierowania pojazdami - wybrane aspekty dowodowe

Wąsik Damian

Paragraf na Drodze

|

2019

|

Nr 6

45--59

PL

Celem niniejszej publikacji jest próba wykazania przełożenia uchybień w dokumentowaniu badań lekarskich, poprzedzających wydanie orzeczenia lekarskiego, na kierunek rozstrzygnięć w przedmiocie uprawnień do kierowania pojazdami. Autor stara się określić granice dopuszczalnego, ale i efektywnego działania strony zgłaszającej tzw. przeciwdowód, mający zanegować prawidłowość ustaleń orzeczenia lekarskiego jako dokumentu urzędowego. W publikacji zaprezentowano m.in. aktualne poglądy sądów administracyjnych, odnoszących się do problematyki oceny orzeczenia lekarskiego jako dowodu w materii stwierdzania istnienia lub braku przeciwwskazań zdrowotnych do kierowania pojazdami.

EN

The purpose of this publication is to indicate the impact of deficiencies in documenting medical examinations on decisions regarding driving licences. The author makes an attempt at specifying the limits of the admissible and effective action of the party reporting the counter-evidence, which is to negate the correctness of the findings of the medical certificate as an official document. The publication presents, inter alia, an analysis of a number of administrative court judgements related to the issue of assessing a medical certificate as evidence in cases of establishing the existence or absence of health contraindications for driving vehicles.

15

The characterization of the stress fields near a crack tip for a compact specimen for elastic-plastic materials dominated by the plane strain state

Graba M.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 24, no. 3

549--576

EN

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the stress field near a crack tip for a compact specimen dominated by the plane strain state using the finite element method. The analysis also includes the calculation of some parameters of in-plane constraints, both for small and large strain assumptions. It discusses the influence of the material characteristic, relative crack length and external load for the stress field, and the in-plane constraint parameter. The approximation formulas for some in-plane constraint parameters are presented.

16

Uprawy hydroponiczne w procesie oczyszczania ścieków

Wolecki D., Kumirska J.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2018

|

nr 1

44--48

PL

Hydroponika oraz zastosowanie jej do upraw „bezglebowych” to zagadnienie znane od wielu wieków. Na przestrzeni lat powstało wiele synonimów nazwy takiego sposobu uprawy roślin. Do najbardziej trafnych należy uprawa powietrzno-wodna, która odwzorowuje charakter jej zastosowania. Uprawy hydroponiczne stanowią w istocie przezwyciężenie potrzeby stosowania tlenu oraz gleby jako źródeł materii odżywczej. Obecnie uprawy hydroponiczne wracają do zastosowania w nowej, nie do końca jeszcze poznanej formie, a mianowicie jako element biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków. Temu zagadnieniu poświęcony jest ten artykuł.

EN

Hydroponics and its application to „soilless” cultivations is an issue known for many centuries. Over the years, many synonyms of the name of this technique of growing plants have been created. The most accurate is air-water cultivation, which reflects the nature of its use. In fact hydroponic cultivations overcome the need for oxygen and soil as a source of nutrients. Currently, hydroponic crops are coming back to be used in a new, not yet fully understood form, namely as an element of biological wastewater treatment. A number of plants with high tolerance for water conditions are used, such as stick, willow or grass plants. The article is dedicated to this issue.

17

New forming possibilities in cross wedge rolling processes

Pater Z., Tomczak J., Bulzak T.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 18, no. 1

149--161

EN

The paper describes limitations in the process of cross wedge rolling (CWR). The problem of necking (rupture) of a shaft step is discussed in detail. In addition, the paper also overviews the state of the art of modelling the cross wedge rolling process by the finite element method-based software, Deform-3D. Next, the paper presents methods for increasing effectiveness in two types of CWR: cross wedge rolling where axial flow of metal is blocked and cross wedge rolling with upsetting. The proposed rolling methods are then verified numerically by Deform-3D. Finally, the presented solutions are verified in experimental tests of a rolling process for producing a lever (with blocked axial flow of metal) and for an upset rolling process for producing a driving shaft.

18

Sharp and laterally constrained multitrace impedance inversion based on blocky coordinate descent

Wang Y., Lin W., Cheng S., She B., Hu G., Liu W.

Acta Geophysica

|

2018

|

Vol. 66, no. 4

623--631

EN

Seismic impedance inversion is a well-known method used to obtain the image of subsurface geological structures. Utilizing the spatial coherence among seismic traces, the laterally constrained multitrace impedance inversion (LCI) is superior to trace-by-trace inversion and can produce a more realistic image of the subsurface structures. However, when the traces are numerous, it will take great computational cost and a lot of memory to solve the large-scale matrix in the multitrace inversion, which restricts the efficiency and applicability of the existing multitrace inversion algorithm. In addition, the multitrace inversion methods are not only needed to consider the lateral correlation but also should take the constraints in temporal dimension into account. As usual, these vertical constraints represent the stratigraphic characteristics of the reservoir. For instance, total-variation regularization is adopted to obtain the blocky structure. However, it still limits the magnitude of model parameter variation and therefore somewhat distorts the real image. In this paper, we propose two schemes to solve these issues. Firstly, we introduce a fast algorithm called blocky coordinate descent (BCD) to derive a new framework of laterally constrained multitrace impedance inversion. This new BCD-based inversion approach is fast and spends fewer memories. Next, we introduce a minimum gradient support regularization into the BCD-based laterally constrained inversion. This new approach can adapt to sharp layer boundaries and keep the spatial coherence. The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical tests for both synthetic data and field seismic data.

19

Możliwości ograniczenia strat mocy w instalacjach elektrycznych niskiego napięcia

Hołdyński G., Skibko Z.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

|

2017

|

R. 85, nr 5

7--9

PL

Przedstawiono miejsca występowania w urządzeniach elektrycznych strat mocy oraz możliwości ich ograniczenia.

EN

The places of the power loss in electrical appliances and the possibility of limiting them are presented in the article.

20

Management of small and medium enterprise (SME) development : an analysis of stumbling blocks in a developing region

Meyer D. F., Meyer N.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

|

2017

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Vol. 16, No. 1

127--141

EN

Globally, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to economic growth and development. Yet, various stumbling blocks exist that hinder SMEs growth and development. South Africa is no different and with the current level of economic and political instability, local SMEs are struggling to achieve their full potential. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the stumbling blocks preventing business success in a developing region in South Africa taking into account the local developmental environment and management factors. The study region selected is the Vaal-Triangle region, which is located south of Johannesburg in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. This study followed a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional research design using two scales namely the SME stumbling block scale and the Enabling Developmental Environment Scale (EDES). A non-probability convenience sample of 386 small business owners were included. Data analysis included descriptive frequencies, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results from the PCA returned five factors. Results indicated the three main stumbling blocks restricting business growth were recession and slow growth conditions, weak and volatile exchange rate and high inflation rates. The correlation results indicated several significant relationships between the various factors. For SME growth, an integrated multiple-sectoral approach is required.

PL

W skali globalnej małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa (MŚP) w znacznym stopniu przyczyniają się do wzrostu gospodarczego i rozwoju. Istnieją jednak różnego rodzaju ograniczenia utrudniające wzrost i rozwój MŚP. Republika Południowej Afryki nie jest w tej kwestii inna, a przy obecnym poziomie niestabilności gospodarczej i politycznej lokalne MŚP walczą o osiągnięcie pełnego potencjału. Celem badania było zidentyfikowanie i przeanalizowanie przeszkód uniemożliwiających osiągnięcie sukcesu biznesowego w rozwijającym się regionie Afryki Południowej, z uwzględnieniem lokalnego środowiska i czynników zarządzania. Badaniem objęto region trójkąta przemysłowego Vaal, który znajduje się na południe od Johannesburga w prowincji Gauteng w Republice Południowej Afryki. W badaniu zastosowano ilościowo opisowy, przekrojowy projekt badawczy, wykorzystujący dwie skale, skalę ograniczeń małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw oraz skalę środowiska sprzyjającego rozwojowi (EDES). W próbie uwzględniono 386 właścicieli małych firm, próbki pobrano bez prawdopodobieństwa. Analiza danych obejmowała częstotliwości opisowe, analizę głównych składowych (PCA) oraz analizę korelacji Pearsona. Wyniki analizy głównych składowych wskazały pięć czynników. Wyniki wskazały, że głównymi przeszkodami ograniczającymi wzrost działalności gospodarczej były: recesja i powolne warunki wzrostu, słaby i zmienny kurs walutowy oraz wysokie stopy inflacji.