Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Nowoczesny system ciepłowniczy MPEC S.A. w Krakowie

Wróblewski M.

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2018

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T. 49, nr 11

426--429

PL

Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Energetyki Cieplnej S.A. w Krakowie od 65 lat dostarcza ciepło mieszkańcom Krakowa i Skawiny. W związku z obchodzonym jubileuszem Spółki autor, będąc jednym z jej pracowników przedstawia transformację tradycyjnego systemu ciepłowniczego z początków lat dziewięćdziesiątych do systemu nowoczesnego, jakim obecnie jest system krakowski. Podjęte wcześniej działania doskonale wpisują się w tworzony obecnie system inteligentnych sieci ciepłowniczych.

EN

Municipal Thermal Energy Enterprise SA in Cracow for 65 years provides the heat to the recipients of Cracow and Skawina. The author, being one of its employees, presents in connection with the Company’s celebrated jubilee the transformation of the traditional district heating network from the early nineties into the modern system, which is currently the Cracow system. The actions taken earlier perfectly fit into intelligent district heating networks being developed currently.

2

Main problems of the evaluation and selection of advanced weapon systems exemplified by a multi-role combat aircraft

Kozakiewicz A., Wróblewski M.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2018

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Vol. 67, nr 3

115--127

EN

This paper presents a selection of issues related to the methods of evaluation and selection of advanced weapon systems for armed forces. The paper’s focus is ranking in the form of typical Multidimensional Comparative Analysis Methods, and the AHP method which represents a large group of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis methods. Both methods were illustrated with a practical computational example related to combat aircraft. The example can help determine the defensive capabilities of friendly forces; it can also support the decision-making process in the acquisition of novel armament, including aircraft, ships, surface-to-air missile defense systems, etc.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z metodami oceny i wyboru dla potrzeb sił zbrojnych zaawansowanych technicznie systemów uzbrojenia. Skupiono się na rankingowaniu jako typowej technice wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej oraz metodzie AHP należącej do licznego grona metod wielokryterialnej analizy decyzyjnej. Obie metody zilustrowano praktycznym przykładem obliczeniowym dotyczącym samolotów bojowych. Przykład ten z jednej strony może służyć do określenia własnego potencjału obronnego, z drugiej zaś może być wykorzystany do wspomagania procesu decyzyjnego związanego z pozyskiwaniem nowego typu uzbrojenia jak np. samoloty, okręty, systemy obrony rakietowej itp.

3

Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Reakcje utleniania. Część 2

Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Kołodziejska R., Tafelska-Kaczmarek A., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M., Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2015

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[Z] 69, 1-2

53--64

EN

In continuation of our work, we herein describe next enzyme classes applied for oxidation reaction. Dioxygenases, oxidases, and peroxidases are successfully used in the synthesis of desymmetrization products with high yields and enantiomeric excesses. Aromatic dioxygenases, such as toluene dioxygenase (TDO), naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO), and biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) found in the prokaryotic microorganisms are enzymes belonging to the dioxygenase class and are the most commonly used in organic synthesis. The α-oxidation of various fatty acids in the presence of an α-oxidase from germinating peas is one of the few examples of oxidases application in asymmetric organic synthesis. The intermediary α-hydroxyperoxyacids can undergo two competing reactions: decarboxylation of the corresponding aldehydes or reduction to the (R)-2-hydroxy acids. In order to eliminate the competitive decarboxylation reaction tin(II) chloride is used as an in situ reducing agent. Peroxidases are the redox enzymes found in various sources such as animals, plants, and microorganisms. Due to the fact that, in contrast to monooxygenases, no additional cofactors are required, peroxidases are highly attractive for the preparative biotransformation. Oxidation reactions catalyzed by (halo)peroxydases are also often used in organic synthesis. N-Oxidation of amines, for instance, leads to the formation of the corresponding aliphatic N-oxides, aromatic nitro-, or nitrosocompounds. From a preparative synthesis standpoint, however, sulfoxidation of thioether is important since it was proven to proceed in a highly stereo- and enantioselective manner. Furthermore, depending on the source of haloperoxidase, chiral sulfoxides of opposite configurations can be obtained.

4

Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Reakcje utleniania. Część 1

Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Kołodziejska R., Tafelska-Kaczmarek A., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M., Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2015

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[Z] 69, 1-2

35--51

EN

The main advantage of biotransformation involving enzymes, compared to chemical processes, is a highly selective formation of products with precise configuration. Herein we describe enzymes participating in the oxidation processes, especially dehydrogenases and monooxygenases. Dehydrogenases are not only able to catalyze the enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones, but they can also desymmetrize meso and prochiral diols through the enantioselective oxidation. As a result of this processes, optically active hydroxyketones, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and their derivatives are obtained. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) constitute a family of heme-containing enzymes which exhibits a variety of catalytic activities. They catalyze different reactions, such as hydroxylation, epoxidation, oxidative deamination, or N- and (S)-oxidation. In the oxidation reaction with monooxygenases, the whole cells are commonly used as catalysts. The use of monooxygenases in the oxidation reaction of prochiral alkanes provides the optically active alcohols. It is very significant that these transformations are still difficult to carry out by chemical methods. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMO EC 1.14.13.X) effectively catalyze the nucleophilic and electrophilic oxidation reactions of various functional groups. BVMO are highly regio- and stereoselective enzymes, and their catalytic potential is used in the synthesis of optically pure lactones and esters. Keywords:

5

Prolina : pospolity aminokwas wyjątkowy katalizator. Część IV, Reakcja Michaela

Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Studzińska R., Kołodziejska R., Wróblewski M., Dramiński M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2014

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[Z] 68, 1-2

49--65

EN

In recent years there has been a dynamic development of asymmetric synthesis. Groups of researchers, particularly the one led by Benjamin List and Carlos Barbas, carried out a number of reactions and showed the effectiveness of the use of small organic molecules such as proline as catalysts. Michael addition catalyzed with proline is a particularly interesting reaction because it can be carried out in two aminocatalytic pathways. The analysis of Michael reaction reveals potential for both forms of aminocatalysis: enamine and iminium catalysis (Scheme 1) [1–14]. Presumably Michael reaction proceeds mainly according to enamine mechanism. The use of proline in Michael reaction with imine activated acceptor is slightly effective. So far the researches have shown that the modification of proline molecule or addition of other catalyst is necessary for condensation to appear. Enamine catalysis concerns the activation of carbonyl compound in situ being a donor. There is no need for enolase anion to be created earlier [2, 15–17]. When, as a result of the reaction of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compound with proline, Michael acceptor activation appears it means that it is enamine mechanism reaction (Scheme 1) [2, 24]. One of the first examples of direct Michael reaction proceeding through enamine transition state is the reaction of cyclopentanone with nitrostyrene (Scheme 6) [20–23]. Other examples of Michael addition of ketone with nitro olefin catalysed by proline are shown in table 2 and 3 [10, 23, 30]. Nitroketones obtained in that way are useful as precursors for different organic compounds [33], also pyrrolidines [34]. Pyrrolidines are pharmacologically active and they selectively block presynaptic dopamine receptors [34] (Scheme 7). Except for Michael intermolecular reaction, intramolecular condensation adducts were also obtained. Michael intramolecular proline-catalyzed condensation in which inactive ketones transform into α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was described (Scheme 9) [35, 36]. These reactions require a stoichiometric amount of a catalyst and a long time of reaction and they give as a result a little enantiomeric excess [11, 24, 35]. In 1991, Yamaguchi and co-workers carried out malonates Michael addition to α, β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by L-proline [24, 39]. The reaction proceeded according to enamine mechanism, for example dimethyl malonate was reacted with hex- 2-enal in the presence of proline to give Michael adduct in 44% yield. To improve the yield an attempt of a slight modification of a proline molecule was made transforming it into proper salt. Proline lithium salt enabled to obtain the condensation product in 93% yield (Tab. 4). Regardless of a used catalyst the products in the form of racemates were obtained. In order to improve enantioselective properties of a catalyst, Michael addition of diisopropyl malonate to cycloheptenone was carried out in chloroform in the presence of different proline salts. Optimal enantioselectivity and yield was obtained by using rubidium salt (Tab. 5–7) [40, 41]. Rubidium prolinate-catalyzed Michael additions are used in industry e.g. for enantioselective synthesis of the selective serotonine reuptake inhibitior (SSRI) (–)-paroxetine (antidepressant) (Scheme 12) [24].

6

Prolina : pospolity aminokwas wyjątkowy katalizator. Część III, Reakcja Mannicha

Studzińska R., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Wróblewski M., Kołodziejska R., Dramiński M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2014

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[Z] 68, 1-2

21--48

EN

Mannich reaction occuring among ketone, aldehyde, and amine is one of the ways of a synthesis of biologically active compounds. Reactions of this type were carried out in the presence of different catalysts [3–10], however in recent years a lot of attention has been paid to enantioselective Mannich reaction catalyzed with proline. Such reactions were carried out with the use of different compounds containing carbonyl group and the most frequently used amine was p-anisidine. The advantage of the use of p-anisidine is a possibility of conducting the direct Mannich reaction (Scheme 3). In this way β-amino ketones (Tab. 1, 2, 4) [15, 18–20, 23, 24], α-hydroxy-β-amino ketones (Tab. 3) [15, 22], and β-amino alcohols (Tab. 5, 6) [25, 26] were obtained. A possibility of syntheses of β-amino sugars and α-amino acids with their derivatives (Tab. 7) [28, 29] is worth noticing. In a great number of described reactions, the products were obtained with satisfactory yield and enantiomeric excess. Taking into consideration the difficulty of a removal of p-hydroxyphenyl group which protects amine group in the resulting products, the attempts of using different amine compounds in Mannich reactions catalyzed with proline were undertaken. The use of amines blocked by tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc) enabled to obtain the products with high yield and ee values (Tab. 12–15) [35–38]. However in the case of the use of Boc the reaction must be carried out in an indirect way (it is necessary to prepare imine blocked by Boc earlier).

7

Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Dehydrogenazy w reakcji redukcji. Część I

Kołodziejska R., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Tafelska-Kaczmarek A., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M., Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2014

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[Z] 68, 9-10

763--782

EN

Enzymes act as biocatalysts whether are also mediating in all anabolic and catabolic pathways, playing an extremely important role in the cells of all life forms. Catalytic potential of oxidoreductases is most commonly used in reduction reactions. Dehydrogenases and reductases catalyze the reversible desymmetrization reactions of meso and prochiral carbonyl compounds and alkenes. The oxidoreductase- catalyzed reactions require cofactors to initiate catalysis. In most cases, it is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or its phosphorylated derivative (NADPH), which acts as a hydride donor. The necessity of employing expensive cofactors was, for the long time, one of the main limitations to the use of dehydrogenases. This problem was solved by developing a regeneration system of a cofactor in the reaction environment. Various systems are used for the cofactor recycling. In the case of a carbonyl compound reduction, an irreversible oxidation of formic acid to carbon dioxide is most frequently used. In this paper, selected examples of whole-cell and isolated enzymes applications in the carbonyl compound reduction are discussed. The application of baker’s yeast, microorganisms and dehydrogenases in enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization (EED) of prochiral ketones leads to a broad spectrum of chiral alcohols used as intermediates in the syntheses of many pharmaceuticals and compounds presenting a potential biological activity.

8

Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Reakcje redukcji. Część 2

Kołodziejska R., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Tafelska-Kaczmarek A., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M., Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2014

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[Z] 68, 11-12

1009--1030

EN

Biotransformation reactions of many organic compounds under the influence of enzymes take place with the high selectivity, rarely achieved by other methods. Ketoesters represent an extensive group of selectively bioreduced compounds. Chiral hydroxyesters and, subsequently, hydroxyacids are valuable intermediates in the syntheses of various biologically active compounds. Acyclic α- and β-ketoesters are transformed to the corresponding (R)- and (S)-hydroxyesters by using a specific dehydrogenases. The whole-cells enzymes, e.g. baker’s yeast, may exhibit a different catalytic activity depending on the substrate structure. Baker’s yeast enzymes selectively reduce the cyclic β-ketoesters providing mainly anti diastereomers due to the lack of rotation around the single α,β carbon-carbon bond. The enzymatic reduction of the esters, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone derivatives gave the optically active anti-alcohol enantiomers. The reductive EED of prochiral α-ketoesters, as well as β-ketoesters is an interesting transformation in organic chemistry due to the importance of the resulting chiral α-hydroxy acids and their derivatives used as building blocks. Baker’s yeast-catalyzed reduction of alkyl esters derived from pyruvate and benzoylformate allows the preparation of the (R)-alcohols. Polyketones can also be subjected to the reductive EED to give different compounds bearing the quaternary stereogenic centers which are broadly applied in asymmetric synthesis. In asymmetric synthesis, similarly to carbon-oxygen double bonds, carbon-carbon double bonds of prochiral alkanes can be reduced to obtain the optically active saturated compounds. The reduction of alkenes is catalyzed by both, the whole cells (microorganisms, plant cells) as well as isolated enzymes belonging to the oxydoreductases, so-called ene-reductases. The whole-cell catalysts are suitable, most frequently, for the preparative scale syntheses, but they are less chemoselective in comparison to the isolated reductases. In the case of polyfunctionalized alkenes, microorganisms can cause the additional side reaction reducing the desired product yield.

9

Prototypowe urządzenie do oceny właściwości przetwórczych tworzyw polimerowych

Kloziński A., Jakubowska P., Wróblewski M.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2014

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Nr 6

409--410

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano koncepcję prototypowego urządzenia do oceny właściwości przetwórczych materiałów polimerowych. Dwufunkcyjne urządzenie umożliwia pomiar zawartości części stałych w tworzywie (zanieczyszczeń, napełniaczy) - funkcja: Filtr test, przy jednoczesnym określeniu oporów przepływu wyznaczanych na podstawie pomiarów zmian ciśnienia w komorze roboczej aparatu oraz ocenę masowego wskaźnika szybkości płynięcia (MFR). Przedstawiono również przykładowe wyniki badań dla recyrkulowanych materiałów polimerowych.

EN

A concept of a prototype apparatus for the evaluation of processing properties of polymeric materials is presented in the paper. The dual-function device allows the measurement of solid phase amount in the material (impurities, fillers) - a function called Filter test simultaneously defining the flow resistance determined from pressure changes in the working chamber and also the evaluation of melt flow rate (MFR) and volume flow rate (MVR). Some results for recycled polymeric materials are presented.

10

Prolina – pospolity aminokwas wyjątkowy katalizator. Część II, Międzycząsteczkowa kondensacja aldolowa

Kołodziejska R., Wróblewski M., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Studzińska R., Dramiński M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2013

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[Z] 67, 11-12

1027--1050

EN

Proline in organic synthesis is used as a small molecular organocatalyst. In a catalytic act proline, similarly to an enzyme, activates reagents, stabilizes transition state and influences an orientation of substrates [1–12]. Proline works as aldolase I (so called microaldolase I). In comparison with other amino acids it shows exceptional nucleophilicity which makes imines and enamines formation easier. In the intermolecular aldol reaction proline was used for the first time by List and co-workers (Scheme 1) [3, 9, 20]. Since then an immense progress has been observed in this field. Several aldolization reactions were performed in the presence of proline. Reactions of this type proceed between the donor (nucleophile) and the acceptor (electrophile). In aldol reaction the donors can be both ketones and aldehydes which next are condensed with ketones and aldehydes acting as electrophiles (Scheme 2–18; Tab. 1–7) [21–72]. The presence of proline ensures not only high yield of homo- and heteroaldolization but mainly enables conducting enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis. Intermolecular proline-catalyzed aldol condensation proceeds according to enamine mechanism. Anti-aldols, which make a valuable source of intermediates in the synthesis of important biologically active compounds, are mainly obtained in this reaction [35–44, 54, 58, 62, 63, 68, 69, 71].

11

Prolina – pospolity aminokwas wyjątkowy katalizator. Część I, Biosynteza proliny. Wewnątrzcząsteczkowa kondensacja aldolowa

Wróblewski M., Kołodziejska R., Studzińska R., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Dramiński M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2013

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[Z] 67, 9-10

801--818

EN

In asymmetric synthesis of organic compounds more effective solutions are being looked for which will result in higher yield(s) of product(s) and their high enantioselectivity [1]. One of such solutions is an use of a multilevel and cheap catalyst. Proline used as a catalyst is a substance of natural origin which was synthetically obtained by Willstätter who was carrying out research on hygric acid (Scheme 1) [10]. The cells of many organisms have a suitable enzymatic system essential for proline biosynthesis [15]. So far, three proline biosynthesis pathways have been described: from glutamate (Scheme 3 and 4), ornithine (Scheme 5 and 6), and arginine (Scheme 7) [16–28]. Proline which is obtained as a result of biosynthesis or supplementation is a substrate for many proteins. Characteristic and significant content (about 23%) of this amino acid was observed in collage. In cells proline can play an important role of osmoregulator [31–35] – a protective substance regulating the activity of such enzymes as catalase and peroxidase [36]. Proline as a secondary amine shows exceptional nucleophilicity facilitating imine and enamine formation. Used as a catalyst in aldol reaction makes with substrates like imine or enamine transition state imitating the activity of naturally occurring enzymes for this type of reaction, that is aldolases. In their research Hajos and Parrish, and Eder, Sauer and Wiechert used proline in intramolecular aldol reaction obtaining proper enones (Scheme 9) [60–62]. The process of intramolecular aldol reaction was used for a separation of racemic mixture of diketones (Scheme 10) [63, 64], cyclization of ortho-substituted aromatic aldehydes and ketones (Scheme 11) [65], synthesis of cyclic diketones (Scheme 13) [68] and domino reaction to obtain substituted cyclohexanones from beta-diketones and unsaturated ketones (Scheme 14) [69].

12

Quantum physics methods in share option valuation

Wróblewski M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Automatyka

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2013

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R. 110, z. 2-AC

23--40

EN

This paper deals with European share option pricing using quantum physics methods. These contingent claims are usually priced using the Black-Scholes equation. This nonlinear parabolic equation is based on geometric Brownian motion model of the stock price stochastic process. Similar processes also appear among quantum particles and are described by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In this paper, the option pricing based on the Schrödinger equation approach is proposed. Using Wick transformation, the Black-Scholes equation is transformed into the equivalent Schrödinger equation. The Fourier separation method is used to find analytical solutions to this equation. The last square method is used to calibrate the Schrödinger model based on real market data. Numerical results are provided and discussed.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wyceny europejskich opcji na akcje z użyciem metod fizyki kwantowej. Tego typu obliczenia zazwyczaj przeprowadza się z wykorzystaniem równania Blacka-Scholesa. To nieliniowe, paraboliczne równanie, oparte jest na geometrycznym modelu ruchu Browna procesu stochastycznego cen akcji. Podobne procesy dotyczą także cząstek kwantowych i są opisane zależnym od czasu równaniem Schrödingera. Zaproponowano wycenę opcji na akcje z wykorzystaniem równania Schrödingera. Używając transformacji Wicka, równanie Blacka-Scholesa przekształcone jest do równoważnej postaci równania Schrödingera. W celu znalezienia analitycznego rozwiązania tego równania, zastosowano metodę separacji zmiennych Fouriera. Metoda najmniejszych kwadratów została użyta w celu kalibracji modelu Schrödingera dla danych giełdowych. Dostarczono i przedyskutowano wyniki numeryczne.

13

Asymetryczne przeniesienie wodoru do ketonów katalizowane związkami Rutenu(II) i Rodu(III)

Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Kołodziejska R., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2012

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[Z] 66, 3-4

273-295

EN

Asymmetric hydrogen transfer (ATH) is one of the methods of stereoselective reduction of prochiral carbonyl compounds (Scheme 6). Complexes of the platinum group metals (Noyori catalysts) are the most common catalysts for AT H reactions. The specific structure of the Noyori catalyst allows to activate two hydrogen atoms. These atoms are transferred from donor to acceptor in the form of hydride ion and proton (Scheme 1). Depending on the used catalyst the transfer hydrogenation of ketons can proceed by direct and indirect transfer mechanism. The direct hydride transfer from a donor to an acceptor proceeds via a six-membered transition state (3) (Scheme 2). The indirect hydride transfer proceeds through the formation of an intermediate metal hydride. A monohydride (HLnMH) and or a dihydride (LnMH2) can be formed depending on the catalyst that is used (Scheme 3). In the monohydride route, the reduction proceeds in the inner sphere of the metal (four-membered transition state (4)) or in the outer sphere of the metal (six-membered transition state (5)) (Scheme 4). The proposed reduction of carbonyl compounds in the AT H reaction by Noyori catalysts uses the mechanism of the hydride ion and proton transfer from the donor to the catalyst and the formation of the monohydride. In the indirect transfer hydrogenation the hydride ion and proton are transferred from the monohydride to the acceptor (Scheme 5, 7). AT H reactions that lead to chiral alcohols are conducted in organic solvents or in water. Hydrogen donors most often used in organic solvent reactions are propan-2-ol or an azeotropic mixture of formic acid and triethylamine (Tab. 1, 6). Sodium formate is usually used as hydrogen donor in the reactions conducted in water. Yield and enantioselectivity of the reaction depend on many factors the most important of which are: the structure of a substrate, hydrogen donor and solvent that were used, the reaction time, substrate concentration, and the S/C ratio [2]. In the case of asymmetric reduction conducted in water the solvent pH is also of great importance [3, 7, 8]. An optimal pH range depends on the type of a catalyst [7, 8]. AT H reactions conducted in water are distinguished by a shorter reaction time and higher enantioselectivity than the reactions conducted in organic solvents. In addition, catalysts used in the AT H reactions are more stable in water allowing reuse of the catalyst without loss of its activity. This paper presented examples of the use of specific catalysts in asymmetric reactions of hydrogen transfer. In particular, I drew attention to the reactions running in the aquatic environment due to the above-mentioned advantages of this solvent. The authors focused specifically on bifunctional catalysts based on Ru(II) and Rh(III) on the account of wide usage of the catalysts of that type in AT H reactions in water and their good performance [8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22]. p-Cymene is the most common aromatic ligand in catalysts based on Ru(II) while in the case of catalysts with Rh(III) the most common is anionic pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand. In both cases the second most common ligands are diamines or amino alcohols (Scheme 8). There are better performance and enantioselectivity when diamines are used as ligands. Attempts to replace diamines and amino alcohols by Schiff bases (Scheme 13) in the catalysts containing Rh(III) proved poor results due to a very low enantioselectivity of conducted reactions (Tab. 7).

14

Conductance Quantization in Nb-Ti/Cu Alloys and BiSrCaCuO/PbAg Superconducting Tapes

Chybczyńska K., Wróblewski M., Wawrzyniak M., Susła B.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 10b

132-134

EN

We present experimental results on the single – atom conductance in point contact at room temperature and in air. Quantum steps of NbTi/Cu – NbTi/Cu filament or BiSrCaCuO/PbAg–BiSrCaCuO/PbAg tapes were observed in nanocontacts formed dynamically. The striking features of these nanocontacts are presented in term of the Landauer theory.

PL

Kwantowanie przewodności elektrycznej w nanodrutach NbTi/Cu oraz w związkach BiSrCaCuO/PbAg zostało zaobserwowane w nanozłączach formowanych dynamicznie. Pomiary kwantowania przewodności wykonano w temperaturze pokojowej oraz pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym. Analizę przewodności jednowymiarowych drutów przeprowadzono stosując teorię Landauera.

15

Współpraca uczelniana jako element wspierania innowacyjności w regionie

Danielewicz P., Wróblewski M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2012

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Nr 1 (222)

269--277

PL

Transfer wiedzy i technologii ze środowiska naukowego do przemysłu najbardziej sprzyja budowaniu klimatu korzystnego dla rozwoju nauki. Wzrost społeczno - gospodarczy Polski otwiera przed nami nowe możliwości i pozwala nam zastanowić się, co zrobić by polska nauka dotrzymywała kroku najlepszym. Pomimo, że w ostatnich latach obserwujemy pojawienie się inicjatyw ukierunkowanych na pozytywną zmianę w tym obszarze, skala transferu wiedzy z nauki do biznesu jest w Polsce nadal niezadowalająca. Rozdrobnienie instytucji oraz niedopasowanie oferty naukowej do zapotrzebowania rynku powoduje, że wciąż zbyt mało odkryć naukowych wspomaga rozwój przedsiębiorstw. Bardzo często pomijaną barierą ograniczającą efektywne wykorzystanie osiągnięć naukowych jest niewystarczające wykorzystanie narzędzi marketingowych wspomagających działalność naukową i dydaktyczną uczelni. W pierwszej części tekstu zostaną przedstawione doświadczenia współpracy pomiędzy poznańskimi uczelniami. Część druga zawiera zapis działań Uniwersytetu Artystycznego w Poznaniu w kontekście podejmowanych wspólnie z innymi uczelniami działań promocyjnych. Przykład Uniwersytetu Artystycznego w Poznaniu wskazuje, że uczelnie w Poznaniu potrafią skutecznie wykorzystywać narzędzia marketingowe do promocji swoich osiągnięć naukowych oraz oferty dydaktycznej.

EN

The transfer of knowledge and technology from the scientific environment to the industry is most beneficial for the creation of a good atmosphere for the development of science. The socio-economic growth of Poland opens new opportunities to us and allows us to think what could be done to help Polish science keep up with the best. Even though in the recent years there have been initiatives aimed at stimulating positive changes in this area, the scale of transfer of knowledge from science to business is still unsatisfactory. Large number and small size of institutions as well as the failure to adapt scientific offer to the needs of the market are behind the fact that still too few scientific inventions support the development of companies. A barrier which limits the effective use of scientific achievements, which is very often missed out, is insufficient utilization of marketing tools supporting scientific and didactic activities of universities. In the first part of the text the experiences from cooperation between Poznań-based universities will be presented. The second part contains a record of activities of the University of Arts in Poznań in the context of promotional activities taken up together with other universities. The example of the University of Arts in Poznań shows that universities in Poznań can efficiently take advantage of marketing tools for the promotion of their scientific achievements and didactic offer.

16

Cooperation of universities as an elementcof support for innovation in regions

Danielewicz P., Wróblewski M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2012

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Nr 2 (223)

123--131

EN

The transfer of knowledge and technology from the scientific environment to the industry is most beneficial for the creation of a good atmosphere for the development of science. The socio-economic growth of Poland opens new opportunities to us and allows us to think what could be done to help Polish science keep up with the best. Even though in the recent years there have been initiatives aimed at stimulating positive changes in this area, the scale of transfer of knowledge from science to business is still unsatisfactory. Large number and small size of institutions as well as the failure to adapt scientific offer to the needs of the market are behind the fact that still too few scientific inventions support the development of companies. A barrier which limits the effective use of scientific achievements, which is very often missed out, is insufficient utilization of marketing tools supporting scientific and didactic activities of universities. In the first part of the text the experiences from cooperation between Poznan-based universities will be presented. The second part contains a record of activities of the University of Arts in Poznan in the context of promotional activities taken up together with other universities. The example of the University of Arts in Poznan shows that universities in Poznan can efficiently take advantage of marketing tools for the promotion of their scientific achievements and didactic offer.

17

Transport elektronów przez nanozłącza formowane pomiędzy ostrzem ze złota i ferromagnetyczną nanostrukturą wielowarstwową (Ni₈₀Fe₂₀/Au/Co/Au) (sub)N

Wróblewski M., Wawrzyniak M., Nowicki M., Luciński T., Błaszyk M., Susła B.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 6

65-67

PL

Skokowe zmiany przewodności elektrycznej zostały zaobserwowane w nanozłączach formowanych dynamicznie, pomiędzy ostrzem ze złota a wielowarstwową nanostrukturą magnetyczną (Ni₈₀Fe₂₀/Au/Co/Au) (sub)N. Korzystając z histogramów przewodności wykazano, że warstwy ferromagnetyczne nie modyfikują transportu elektronów przez nanozłącze, odbywa się on w sposób charakterystyczny dla nanozłączy ze złota. Magnetyczna struktura domenowa zoslała zobrazowana za pomocą mikroskopu sił magnetycznych (MFM). Przedstawiono rozkład domen dla dwóch grubości warstw kobaltu (1,4 nm oraz 0,8 nm). Wielkości domen dla tych warstw zależą od kierunku spontanicznego namagnesowania w warstwie Co.

EN

Conductance steps were observed in nanocontacts formed dynamically between gold tip and magnetic multilayer nanostructures (Ni₈₀Fe₂₀/Au/Co/Au) (sub)N. It was shown that ferromagnetic layers do not modify electronics transport in nanocontacts, it occurs the manner characteristic for gold nanocontacts. Magnetic domain structure was investigated by means of magnetic force microscope (MFM). For cobalt layers of thickness 1.4 nm and 0.8 nm domain distribution was shown. Domain size depends on the direction of the spontaneous magnetization vector in Co layer.

18

Zakład Utylizacji Odpadów w Gorzowie Wlkp.

Wróblewski M., Koniec D.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2009

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nr 4

63-66

PL

Zakład Utylizacji Odpadów (ZUO) w Gorzowie Wlkp. utworzony został w marcu 1992 r. przez Zarząd Miasta w celu koordynacji zamierzeń związanych z tworzeniem kompleksowej gospodarki odpadami w trosce o środowisko naturalne miasta i okolic.

19

Nanometrologia na przykładzie badań powierzchni HOPG(0001) i Au(111) za pomocą STM

Wróblewski M., Kamiński M., Susła B.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2008

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Vol. 49, nr 5

41-43

PL

Niniejsza praca dotyczy niepewności pomiarowych w nanoskali. Przedstawiono problem kalibracji skaningowego mikroskopu tunelowego (STM) na przykładzie badania powierzchni wysoce zorientowanego grafitu pirolitycznego (HOPG) oraz cienkich warstw złota Au(111). Zwrócono również uwagę na interpretacje obrazów otrzymywanych za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu tunelowego.

EN

In this paper we presented the problem of measurement uncertainty in nanoscale. We showed the calibration problem of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) based on an example of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) and thin layers of gold Au(111) studies. The emphasize was put on interpretation of STM images.

20

Analiza przyczyn uszkodzenia kompensatora mieszkowego zabudowanego w rurociągu ciepłowniczym

Łopata S., Kowalski J., Gargula M., Marendziuk K., Wróblewski M.

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2007

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R. 38, nr 11

42-44

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki makroskopowych i mikroskopowych badań wielowarstwowego kompensatora mieszkowego. Ich celem było określenie przyczyn znacznej degradacji materiału oraz wzdłużnego rozerwania fal jednego z mieszków tego kompensatora po ok. 12 latach jego eksploatacji. Przedstawiono także wyniki obliczeń, z których wynika, że w pewnych przypadkach możliwe były przekroczenia krytycznego zakresu odkształceń w uszkodzonej części kompensatora. Analiza wyników pozwoliła wskazać na korozję naprężeniową, jako bezpośrednią przyczynę zaistniałego stanu.

EN

The results of micro and macroscopic examinations of a multi-layer bellows compensator are presented. The examinations were carried out to determine the causes of considerable material degradation and disruption one of the bellows along its longitudinal axis after 12 years of exploitation.