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Periphyton dry mass, ash content, and chlorophyll content on natural substrata in three water bodies of different trophy

Romanów M., Witek Z.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.4

64-70

EN

Periphyton communities were studied on several dominating macrophytes, Phragmites australis, Potamogeton lucens, and Nuphar lutea, in three different types of lakes. In soft-water mesotrophic Lake Mały Borek and in shallow, eutrophic Lake Gardno samples were collected about once every two months from April to November 2009. In eutrophic Szczecin Lagoon (the estuary of the Oder River), samples were only collected once in July. The aim of this paper was to determine the dry mass, the ash content, and the chlorophyll-a content of periphyton on a natural substratum, in order to determine the mass, the inorganicorganic status of periphyton, and the auto-heterotrophic character of this complex. The analyzed periphytic communities exhibited low dry mass at the beginning of the growth season, which increased with colonization period on the aquatic vegetation. The highest (but still low) values were achieved in autumn, which persisted, with small loss, until spring of the subsequent year. The differences in dry mass between each type of lake were small, but in the strongly eutrophic Szczecin Lagoon this index was slightly higher than in the other two water bodies. The highest dry mass was noted for periphyton dominated by Cordylophora caspia colonies overgrowing common reeds and for periphyton on Potamogeton lucens in Szczecin Lagoon. In shallow water bodies, such as Lake Gardno and Szczecin Lagoon, wind causes strong resuspension of sediments. This can explain the relatively high level of inorganic matter in dry mass of the periphyton in both water bodies. However, the small ash content in periphyton in Mały Borek may result from the soft-water character of this lake. The hetero-autotrophic status of the periphytic community prevailed throughout the study period in Gardno and Mały Borek lakes. The auto-heterotrophic status of periphyton was noted only in short periods of time in each lake.

2

The oxygen budget of two closed, dimictic lakes in the vicinity of Bytów (West Pomeranian Lake District, northern Poland)

Witek Z., Jarosiewicz A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.2

135-145

EN

The aim of this work was to identify key factors governing the oxygen fluxes in two thermally stratified lakes of different morphology. Oxygen and temperature profiles in lakes Jeleń and Mały Borek, as well as phytoplankton primary production in Mały Borek (oxygen-method) were measured in monthly intervals, except for periods of ice cover. Rates of oxygen release due to photosynthesis, consumption in the water column, loss to atmosphere, depletion in the hypolimnion, and restoration during periods of turn-over were roughly estimated. It was discovered that trophic conditions and morphometry may substantially influence not only the intensity, but also the timing, of particular events in the oxygen cycle of the lakes.

3

Technologia przygotowania nasion papryki do siewu

Domoradzka O., Weiner W., Witek Z.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2009

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R. 13, nr 2

19-25

PL

Omówiono technologię dwuetapowego przygotowania nasion papryki do siewu. W pierwszym etapie usuwano wirusy 2% roztworem kwasu solnego. W etapie drugim usuwano pektyny stosując hydrolizę enzymatyczną roztworem Pektopolu PT-400 oraz grzyby 0,1% roztworem tiuramu w czasie 8 godzin. Następnie nasiona odmywano i suszono do wilgotności ok. 6% mas. Skuteczność technologii oceniano na podstawie energii i zdolności kiełkowania nasion oraz współczynnika zasiedlenia nasion grzybami. Uzyskano poprawę wszystkich wymienionych wskaźników.

EN

Technology of preparation of paprika seeds for sowing by removal from their surface pectins as well as viral and fungal infections is described. The process was carried out in two steps. In the first step vira were removed in 2% hydrochloric acid. In the second step pectins were removed in a solution of Pektopol PT-400 with 0,1% tiuram in 8 hours. After the second step seeds were washed and dried to the humidity of ca. 6% by weight. The efficacy of the applied treatment was tested by measurement of the energy and rate of germination, a number of abnormal seedlings and a rate of fungal infections as compared with untreated seeds. All the mentioned indicators have improved. The process was also carried out in an industrial scale.

4

Badania enzymatycznego wydzielania nasion z pulpy przy osmotycznym zablokowaniu wchłaniania wody

Domoradzka O., Domoradzki M., Weiner W., Witek Z.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2009

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R. 13, nr 2

11-17

PL

W pracy przebadano możliwość osmotycznego blokowania wchłaniania wody przez nasiona w procesie enzymatycznego wydzielania nasion z pulpy owocowej. Określono parametry procesu, zapewniającego zachowanie jakości i zdolności kiełkowania nasion mimo długiego czasu ich przebywania w zawiesinie wodnej.

EN

The work involved examination of the potential for osmotic blocking of water absorption by seeds in the process of enzymatic release of seeds from fruit pulp. The research allowed to determine parameters of the process ensuring preservation of seeds quality and germination capacity in spite of keeping them in water suspension for a long time.

5

Wpływ operacji szlifowania na jakość nasion buraka ćwikłowego

Domoradzki M., Korpal W., Weiner W, Witek Z.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2007

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R. 11, nr 5 (93)

123-130

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ operacji szlifowania nasion buraka ćwikłowego na poprawę ich jakości. nasion: zdrowotności, energii i zdolności kiełkowania uzyskany w. Przedstawiona metoda może być też przydatna do mechanicznego odkażania nasion ekologicznych.

EN

The paper presents the influence of grinding red beet seeds on seed quality improvement: healthiness, energy and sprouting capability. The presented method can be also suitable for the mechanical decontamination of ecological seeds.

6

Badania procesu ługowania szlifowanych nasion buraka ćwikłowego

Domoradzki M., Korpal W., Witek Z.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2007

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R. 11, nr 5 (93)

115-121

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki ługowania oszlifowanych nasion buraka ćwikłowego w aparacie okresowym i w półciągłej kolumnie dyfuzyjnej. Oszlifowane nasiona ługowano wodą przemysłową w temperaturze 20°C i w czasie 6 godz. Uzyskano poprawę energii i zdolności kiełkowania.

EN

The paper presents the results of leaching ground red beet seeds in a periodical device and semi-continuous diffusion column. Ground seeds were leached with industrial water at a temperature of 20°C for 6 hours. Improvement of energy and sprouting capability was achieved.

7

Porewater nutrients (phosphate, ammonia and silicate) in the eastern part of the southern Baltic Sea

Graca B., Witek Z., Burska D., Białkowska I., Pawelec A., Bolałek J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.3

237-256

EN

In the present work, results of studies concerning phosphate, ammonia and silicate in porewaters of the eastern part of the southern Baltic sediments are presented. A strong interaction was observed between the investigated compound concentrations and the sea bottom type, defined by means of the sediment water content (W) and loss on ignition (LOI) values. High concentrations and an exponential increase in concentration downwards in the sediment depth profile was observed in regions named here transport/accumulation bottom (LOI?4%, W?50%). Lower concentrations and irregular changes in concentration with depth occurred in regions designated as erosion bottom type (LOI<4, W<50%). Only in areas under strong anthropogenic influence (Vistula river mouth, the vicinity of Gdynia harbour), in the erosion type bottom concentration periodically raised to the level observed in the transport/accumulation bottom areas. The mass of nutrients accumulated in porewaters in the 10 cm thick layer of surface sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk in September 2000 was estimated to be 910 t P-PO43-, 2780 t N-NH4+ and 5430 t DSi, while in March/April of 2001 estimated values equalled 908 t P-PO43-, 1860 t N-NH4+ and 3080 t DSi. In the erosion bottom areas, approximately 12 t, 210 t and 650 t of P-PO43-, N-NH4+ and DSi, respectively, were flushed out of the sediments during the intensive autumn-winter mixing.

8

Basis for a valuation of the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea: Rationale and quest for tools

Węsławski J.M., Andrulewicz E., Kotwicki L., Kuzebski E., Lewandowski A., Linkowski T., Massel S.R., Musielak S., Olańczuk-Neyman A., Pempkowiak J., Piekarek-Jankowska H., Radziejewska T., Różyński G., Sagan I., Skóra K. E., Szefler K., Urbański J., Witek Z., Wołowicz M., Zachowicz J., Zarzycki T.

Oceanologia

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2006

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No. 48 (1)

145-167

EN

This paper summarises current knowledge of goods and services in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. It reviews specific properties of the Baltic that could be used for economic valuation. Goods and services range from the familiar resources of fish and minerals, which were valued with the Productivity Method, to less obvious services provided by the ecosystem such as biofiltration in coastal sands, valued with either the Replacement Cost or Damage Cost Avoided methods. Disservices to the marine ecosystem are also considered, e.g. erosion and coastal flooding, including the costs of planned mitigating measures. This paper emphasises the importance of using valuation methods to help make better-educated decisions for the sustainability of the Baltic Sea.

9

The dependence between bacterial production and environmental conditions in the Gulf of Gdańsk

Ameryk A., Podgórska B., Witek Z.

Oceanologia

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2005

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No. 47 (1)

27-45

EN

Bacterial production, primary production and a number of other environmental factors were measured during six cruises in the Gulf of Gdańsk conducted in various seasons from 1995 to 2001. Bacterial production (BP) in the epipelagic layer ranged from 1.5% (April) to 80% (July) of the gross primary production (PP). Significant differences were observed between the BP/PP ratios in estuarine and open-water areas. The highest values were recorded in the coastal area and near the mouth of the river Vistula. It suggests that allochthonous organic matter has a great influence on BP. The correlations between particular parameters and regression analyses indicated that BP in the Gulf of Gdańsk depended on temperature, organic nitrogen concentration, PP, chlorophyll a concentration, organic phosphorus concentration, salinity and biochemical oxygen demand. Of all the independent variables, the temperature had the greatest impact on BP (R2 = 0.62). There was an inverse parabolic relationship between bacterial production and temperature. It appears that above a temperature of 12°C bacterial production depended on substrates to a higher degree than on temperature. The negative correlation between BP and concentrations of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus in the annual cycle were probably due to an indirect dependence. A multiple regression equation, which included temperature and organic phosphorus concentrations, explained 78% of the variation in BP.

10

Comparison of primary production and pelagic community respiration rates in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk

York J. K., Witek Z., Labudda S., Ochocki S.

Oceanologia

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2001

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No. 43 (3)

365-370

EN

The organic matter production/respiration balance in the coastal water column was examined, both the primary production and community respiration being measured with the oxygen light-and-dark bottle method. Community respiration (CR) was always lower than the gross primary production (GPP) measured at a standard light intensity of 390 žE m-2 s-1, which amounted, on average, to 30% of GPP. During most of the in situ sampling period, the coastal system (6-7 m depth) was found to be autotrophic, with depth-integrated GPP ranging from 6.7 mmoles O2 m-2 d-1 in December to 214.2 mmoles O2 m-2 d-1 in August, and CR ranging correspondingly from 6.0 to 177.7 mmoles O2 m-2 d-1. However, on some occasions heterotrophic conditions were recorded: depth-integrated GPP

11

Composition and abundance of picoplankton in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk

Gławdel M., Mackiewicz T., Witek Z.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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Vol. 28, No. 1-2

17-30

EN

With the aid of epifluorescence microscopy, picoplankton (0.2-2mum) in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic) was studied from March to December 1997. The main portion of the picoplankton biovolume was comprised of bacteria, making up on average 70% of picoplankton. Autotrophic picoplankton (APP) prevailed over the bacterioplankton only in late August and early September. The main components of APP were cyanobacteria. The APP proportion in the total phytoplankton biomass was highest in summer. The assessment of this share in terms of quantity varied depending on the picoplankton separation method. In the microscopic analysis of unfiltered samples, all cells 2mum were counted as picoplankton, including colony-forming types. Based on the analysis of unfiltered samples, the amount of APP in the overall phytoplankton biomass was assessed at 16-22% in summer, and 0.5-6% in the remaining period. Initial filtration of samples through a 2mum filter caused great losses in APP, resulting mainly in the elimination of colony-forming cyanobacteria cells from samples. Prefiltered samples were also contaminated by cells 2mum. In prefiltered samples the APP proportion in the total phytoplankton biomass was 1-7% in summer and 0.2-3% in the remaining period.

12

The impact of the River Odra on the phytoplankton composition and biomass in the Pomeranian Bay

Gromisz S., Witek Z., Mackiewicz T.

Oceanologia

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1999

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No. 41 (3)

403-427

EN

The article is based on the analysis of phytoplankton samples collected in the Pomeranian Bay during five cruises in the years 1993, 1996 and 1997. In each season a number of phytoplankton assemblages were formed under the impact of the hydrological and hydrochemical conditions gradually changing along an axis from the outlets of the Szczecin Lagoon towards the open sea. The most distinct assemblages could be described as "river-mouth", "open-Bay"and "open-sea" assemblages. The highest phytoplankton biomass was noted near the mouth of the Swina Strait in the "river-mouth" assemblages, where the concentration of chlorophyll a was 4 to 5 five times higher in comparison with the "open-sea" values. The phytoplankton biomass in the "open-Bay" assemblages was roughly twice as high as that in the 'open-sea' assemblages. Because of the high N:P ratio in the Odra waters, phosphorus was very probably the factor limiting phytoplankton primary production in the Pomeranian Bay during periods of intensified inflow of riverine waters. The species dominating the phytoplankton of the Pomeranian Bay during the present study were found to be the same as those recorded in this region 40 years earlier.