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Determination of Frost Resistance of Sweet Cherry Varieties Using Laboratory Freezing

Shubenko Lidiia, Kubrak Svitlana, Filipova Larysa, Vdovychenko Zhanna, Manzii Olena, Zabolotna Alona, Leus Vitaliy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

233--240

EN

The article presents the study results of the frost resistance of sweet cherry varieties of different ripening periods under artificial freezing. The damage degree of various tissues of one- and two-year-old wood, as well as fruit formations, was analyzed. In the group of early-ripening and late-ripening varieties, a significant resistance of the bark to the effect of low temperature was found, the average damage score was 0.7. Among late-ripening cherry varieties Drogana yellow had low-temperature damage to one-year-old wood, while no negative effect on the wood was observed for the Amazonka variety. The highest overall degree of freezing of one-year wood was observed for the varieties Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow, the lowest values were obtained for the varieties Meotida, Mirage and Amazonka. Dispersion analysis based on a combination of factors confirmed the highest degree of wood freezing for the Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow varieties. Among the early-ripening varieties, the two-year-old wood froze the most in trees of the Dar Mlieva variety, where the highest degree of damage to the tissues of the bark, cambium, and wood was observed. The least tissue damage was in the Mliivska yellow variety, however, its core had the maximum damage not only within the group, but also among all the studied varieties. By artificial freezing in laboratory conditions, it was established that the highest frost resistance of annual and perennial wood is characteristic of the early ripening variety Zoryana, medium ripening Meotida and late ripening Amazonka. As a result of laboratory freezing, the frost resistance of fruiting bodies did not exceed 2.2 points. The fruiting formations of the Drogana yellow exceeded all the studied varieties in terms of the level of damage. High resistance to low temperatures was shown by the fruiting formations of the varieties Zoryana, Mirage and, especially, Alyonushka. The damage level of other pomological varieties was in the range of 1.9–2.25 points. The most negative effect of low temperatures was caused on flower germs.

2

Właściwości antyoksydacyjne naparów i ekstraktów z owoców, ogonków oraz liści czereśni (Prunus avium)

Dziadek K., Kukiełka E., Kopeć A.

Chemistry, Environment, Biotechnology

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2018

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Vol. 21

7--10

PL

Celem badań było oznaczenie zawartości składników bioaktywnych oraz aktywności antyoksydacyjnej w naparach i ekstraktach z owoców, ogonków i liści czereśni. Zgodnie z naszą wiedzą w literaturze nie ma badań mających na celu porównanie aktywności antyoksydacyjnej w tych częściach czereśni. Materiałem badawczym były odmiany czereśni: Burlat, Kordia oraz Regina. W przygotowanych naparach i ekstraktach oznaczono zawartość polifenoli ogółem (z wykorzystaniem odczynnika Folina-Ciocalteu),antocyjanów (metodą różnicową), oraz aktywność antyoksydacyjną (metodą ABTS•+, DPPH•, FRAP). Istotnie najwyższą zawartością składników bioaktywnych oraz aktywnością antyoksydacyjną charakteryzowały się napary i ekstrakty z ogonków, a najniższą z owoców czereśni. Wśród naparów i ekstraktów przygotowanych z ogonków i liści najwyższą zdolnością przeciwutleniającą charakteryzowała się odmiana Regina, natomiast wśród przygotowanych z owoców odmiana Kordia. Wyniki badań wskazują na bardzo wysoką zależność między zawartością związków polifenolowych, a aktywnością antyoksydacyjną. Napary i ekstrakty z owoców, ogonków i liści czereśni stanowią wartościowe źródło składników bioaktywnych.Te części roślin wymagają jednak dalszych badań, w celu określenia możliwościach zastosowania do produkcji żywności funkcjonalnej.

EN

The aim of study was to determine the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in infusions and extracts prepared from sweet cherry fruits, petioles and leaves. To best of our knowledge there are no reports on the antioxidant activity of sweet cherry petioles and leaves.The experimental material consisted of cultivars: Burlat, Kordia and Regina. The content of total polyphenols and anthocyanins, as well as the antioxidant activity (ABTS•+, DPPH•, FRAP methods) were assessed in the infusions and extracts. The highest content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were characterized by the infusions and extracts from petioles, however the lowest from the fruits of sweet cherry. Among the infusions and extracts prepared from petioles and leaves, the highest antioxidant potential was characterized by cultivar Regina, however among fruits - cultivar Kordia. The obtained results indicated that there was a strong correlation between the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The sweet cherry fruits, petioles and leaves infusions and extracts were a rich source of bioactive compounds. There is a need for further research of these parts of plant to explore the possibility of using them for the production of functional foods.

3

Food attractant to control the population of Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its use in organic sweet cherry orchard in Poland

Grodner J., Świech K., Rozpara E., Danelski W.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 3

167--172

EN

The study presents the results of the research on dispensers used to lure cherry fruit flies in biological tests together with yellow sticky-coated visual traps. The field tests showed that yellow Rebell traps with the dispenser containing the food attractant based on the blend of ammonium acetate and ammonium carbonate as well as putrescine (added in a separate container) were the most suitable in control of population of Rhagoletis cerasi. Such a combined trap was effective in mass trapping of the flies R. cerasi when used one per tree in the sweet cherry orchard with not very high trees (up to 3 m).

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad dyspenserami wabiącymi muchówki nasionnicy trześniówki użyte w testach biologicznych razem z żółtymi pułapkami lepowymi. Badania polowe wykazały, że dyspenser z atraktantem opartym na mieszaninie octanu amonu z węglanem amonowym oraz dodaną w oddzielnym pojemniku putrescyną, umieszczony w żółtej pułapce typu Rebell, posiada wysoką skuteczność w odławianiu Rhagoletis cerasi. Użycie takiej jednej kombinowanej pułapki na drzewo w sadzie czereśniowym z drzewami niewysokimi (do 3 m wys.), potwierdziło jej dobrą skuteczność w masowym odłowie szkodnika.

4

Badania chromatograficzne GC-FID zawartości kwasów tłuszczowych w pestkach wybranych owoców drzew pestkowych

Starzycki M., Starzycka-Korbas E., Miry A., Sterczyńska M., Jakubowski M.

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2015

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nr 1

25--28

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wartości udziału procentowego poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych w pestkach owoców, a także przeprowadzono analizę skupień otrzymanych wyników. Materiałem badawczym były pestki wybranych owoców pestkowych: czereśni, wiśni, moreli, brzoskwini i śliwy (odmiany: mirabelka, renklody, owalne, jajowe oraz węgierki). Badania wykonano za pomocą chromatografu gazowego HP Agilent 6890 GC-FID w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym w Poznaniu. Wyniki badań wykazały, że najwięcej nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych zawiera czereśnia. Przeprowadzona analiza statystyczna wykazała ponadto, że śliwa mirabelka i śliwa jajowa mają zbliżony metabolizm wytworzenia – udziału procentowego kwasów tłuszczowych w stosunku do odległych odmian: śliwy renklody, wiśni i czereśni.

EN

The article presents the percentage share of selected fatty acids in fruit stones, along with the analysis of concentration of the obtained results. The research material used were stones of selected type of fruit, namely: sweet cherry, cherry, apricot, peach, plum (cultivars: Mirabelle, Greengage, intermedia oxycarpa, intermedia ovoidea, Damson). The research was carried out in the Poznań Branch of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute of the National Research Institute using a gas chromatograph HP Agilent 6890 GC-FID. The results of the research have shown, that the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids is present in the stone of sweet cherry. The carried out statistical analysis has proven, that, the plums Mirabelle and intermedia ovoidea are characterized by similar metabolism - as far as the percentage share of fatty acids goes, in relation to the more distant Greengage plum, cherry and sweet cherry.

5

Growth, yielding and fruit quality of three sweet cherry cultivars under organic orchard conditions

Głowacka A., Rozpara E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 60, nr 3

73--76

EN

The experiment, conducted in 2004-2013, assessed the possibility of organic production of the fruit of three sweet cherry cultivars. The objects studied were trees of the cultivars: ‘Karesova’, ‘Burlat’ and ‘Summit’, grafted on Prunus avium seedlings. The experiment was established in the spring of 2004 in the Experimental Ecological Orchard in Nowy Dwór-Parcela (central Poland). The trees were grown in accordance with the principles of organic fruit-growing. The sweet cherry trees came into bearing fruit in the fourth year after planting and each year yielded poorly, therefore the cumulative yields obtained over the period 2008-2013 were low. The largest amounts of fruit were harvested each year from the trees of the cultivar ‘Karesova’, and the least - from the trees of cv. ‘Summit’. The fruit of the cultivar ‘Summit’ matured about 2 weeks later than the fruits of the cultivars ‘Karesova’ and ‘Burlat’. The cultivar ‘Summit’ also produced fruit with the highest mean fruit weight; however, the fruit crops of this cultivar were observed to have the highest proportion of fruits damaged by the cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi) and infected by the brown rot of stone fruits (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructigena). The presented results indicate that early ripening cultivars, such as ‘Karesova’ and ‘Burlat’, are more suitable for growing under organic orchard conditions.

PL

W doświadczeniu prowadzonym w latach 2004-2013 oceniano możliwość ekologicznej produkcji owoców trzech odmian czeresni. Przedmiotem badań były drzewa odmian: ‘Karesova’, ‘Burlat’ i ‘Summit’, szczepione na siewkach czereśni ptasięj. Doświadczenie założono wiosną 2004 roku w Ekologicznym Sadzie Doświadczalnym w Nowym Dworze - Parceli (centralna Polska). Drzewa prowadzono zgodnie z zasadami sadownictwa ekologicznego. Czereśnie weszły w okres owocowania w czwartym roku po posadzeniu i co roku owocowały słabo, dlatego plon zebrany w latach 2008-2013 jest niski. Największe plony zbierano corocznie z drzew odmiany ‘Karesova’, a najmniejsze - z drzew odmiany ‘Summit’. Owoce odmiany ‘Summit’ dojrzewały około 2 tygodnie później od owoców odmian ‘Karesova’ i ‘Burlat’. Miały one najwiekszą masę, jednak że w plonie odmiany ‘Summit’ obserwowano największy udział owoców uszkodzonych przez nasionnicę trześniówkę i porażonych przez brunatną zgniliznę drzew pestkowych. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają wiekszą przydatność wczesnych odmian czereśni takich jak ‘Karesova’ i ‘Burlat’ do uprawy ekologicznej.

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The effects of foliar nutrition with InCa fertilizer on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits of sweet cherry

Mikiciuk G., Mikiciuk M., Możdżer E., Statkiewicz M., Chylewska U.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 2

116--119

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the foliar fertilizer InCa on the chemical composition of fruits and leaves of sweet cherry cultivar ‘Burlat’. The study involved 14-year old sweet cherry trees of ‘Burlat’ cultivar, grafted onto ‘PHL-A’ rootstock and growing at 4×3 m spacing. The trees were sprayed with InCa calcium fertilizer based on CaT technology (manufacturer: Plant Impact). The fertilizer was applied three times, at a dose of 1.5 dm3ha. The first foliar fertilization was performed at the beginning of the flowering period, and the next two took place at fourteen-day intervals. The fruits were analysed for nitrate content, and both fruits and leaves were considered for dry weight and macro- and micronutrient analysis. The use of InCa fertilizer improved the dry matter and calcium content and reduced potassium, magnesium and cadmium level in the leaves and fruits of sweet cherry. The fertilizer facilitated narrowing K:Ca and K:(Ca + Mg) ratioes and extending of K:Mg, and especially Ca:Mg ratio in both leaves and fruits. Foliar supplementation with the investigated preparation resulted in an increase in nitrogen and manganese content, and a drop in phosphorus, copper, nickel and lead concentration in the leaves of the studied sweet cherry cultivar.

7

The effect of antitranspirant on the content of microelements and trace elements in sweet cherry leaves and fruits

Mikiciuk G., Możdżer E., Mikiciuk M., Chełpiński P

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 14, nr 4

36--38

EN

The conducted study was aimed at evaluation of the effect of antitranspirant produced with natural resins under the trade name Vapor Gard on the content of microelements and trace elements in sweet cherry leaves and fruits. A single-factor experiment was conducted in the randomised block design, with five replications, in 2010–2011. Examinations were performed on 13-year-old sweet cherry trees of the cultivar ‘Burlat’, being grafted on the ‘PHL-A’ rootstock. Tree spraying with antitranspirant Vapor Gard, at a 0.75% concentration, was applied at the stage of fruit colouration. The total content of manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium in the leaves and fruits was determined by the AAS method. Antitranspirant Vapor Gard had an effect on increasing significantly the manganese, copper, zinc, nickel and cadmium quantities and decreasing the content of lead in the sweet cherry leaves. The antitranspirant being applied did not have any effect on the quantity of microelements and trace elements in the sweet cherry fruits of the cultivar ‘Burlat’.