Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effect of Shot Peening Parameters on Surface Properties and Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

Walczak Mariusz, Matijošius Jonas, Özkan Doğuş, Pasierbiewicz Kamil

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 3

296--304

EN

The present work deals with the enhancement of the surface characteristics of stainless steel 316L as a result of shot peening treatment using ceramic balls. In accordance with our own research and information available in literature, as a result of shot peening process, the shot balls can penetrate to the surface layer (permanently depositing) and modify the mechanical performance and the corrosion resistance in the products being treated in this way. Shot peening leads to a significant change to the surface hardness and topography, and consequently, to the change in corrosion behaviour dependent on the choice of processing parameters. Therefore, in this paper, steel samples were treated using two variable parameters of peening pressure (0.3 and 0.4 MPa) and peening time (30 and 60s). In the research, the reference surface were the samples subjected to mechanical polishing. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed with 1 mV/s scan rate in 0.9% NalCl solution. The improved corrosion resistance (lowest current density Icorr=0.35µA/cm2 and highest corrosion potential Ecorr=-0.164V) was obtained for specimens with longer time (60s) and higher pressure of shot peening treatment (0.4MPa). Greater changes in surface roughness were observed with an increase in peening pressure than with an increase in the processing time. The treatment of the surface with ceramic shots results in an increase in the hardness of the treated surface by more than 110% (for sample 316L/0.4/60) compared to the reference surface. Moreover, an increase in average hardness values was recorded for all surfaces after shot peening (by more than 42% relative to reference samples).

2

Preliminary studies on electrodeposition of Zn-Fe-W alloy coatings from citrate-sulphate baths

Shoaib Hafiz Muhammad, Winiarska Katarzyna, Winiarski Juliusz

Ochrona przed Korozją

|

2023

|

nr 2

44--47

EN

Exploratory studies of the electrodeposition process of zinc coatings containing iron and tungsten were carried out using SEM/EDS and XRD techniques. It was shown that from a citrate-sulphate plating bath composed of (mol dm−3): ZnSO4 – 0.2, FeSO4 – 0.2, Na3Cit (tri-sodium citrate salt) – 0.4, (NH4)2SO4 – 0.1 and Na2WO4 – 0.01 Zn-Fe-W alloys can be obtained on a rotating disc electrode. It was noted that the induced co-deposition of tungsten with iron only occurred at pH > 6.0. Below this value, a Zn-Fe alloy coating was obtained. In the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0, the maximum contents of tungsten (15.96 wt. %) and iron (29.36 wt. %) were shown by the coatings deposited at pH 7.0. The increase in the bath pH from 5.0 to 9.0 resulted in clear changes in the phase composition of the deposited coatings. According to the results of XRD analyzes, the following can be indicated as probable: Fe22Zn78 and Fe7W6. However, the recorded diffractograms are difficult to interpret and it was very difficult to clearly define the type of phases present in the coating without additional tests.

PL

Stosując techniki SEM/EDS i XRD, przeprowadzono rozpoznawcze badania procesu elektroosadzania powłok cynkowych zawierających żelazo i wolfram. Wykazano, że z cytrynianowo-siarczanowej kąpieli galwanicznej o składzie (mol dm−3): ZnSO4 – 0,2, FeSO4 – 0,2, Na3Cit (cytrynian tri-sodu) – 0,4, (NH4)2SO4 – 0,1 i Na2WO4 – 0,01 można otrzymać na wirującej elektrodzie dyskowej powłoki stopowe Zn-Fe-W. Zauważono, że indukowane współosadzanie wolframu z żelazem zachodziło dopiero przy pH > 6,0. Poniżej tej wartości otrzymywało się powłokę stopową Zn-Fe. W zakresie pH od 5,0 do 9,0 maksymalną zawartość wolframu (15,96% mas.) i żelaza (29,36% mas.) wykazały powłoki osadzone przy pH 7,0. Wzrost pH kąpieli od 4,5 do 9,0 powodował wyraźne zmiany w składzie fazowym osadzanych powłok. Zgodnie z wynikami analiz XRD można wskazać jako prawdopodobne występowanie: Fe22Zn78 oraz Fe7W6. Zarejestrowane dyfraktogramy są jednak trudne w interpretacji i jednoznaczne określenie rodzaju faz obecnych w powłoce bez wykonania dodatkowych badań było mocno utrudnione.

3

Powierzchniowa obróbka wibro-ścierna klamek ze stopu magnezu AZ91

Gołąbczak Marcin, Woźniak Kazimierz, Wincenciak Mariusz, Gołąbczak Andrzej, Jędrzejczak Anna, Niewiadomski Michał

Obróbka Metalu

|

2023

|

nr 3

27--33

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu warunków obróbki wibro-ściernej na kształtowanie morfologii i struktury geometrycznej powierzchni klamek ze stopu magnezu AZ91. Zakres prezentowanych badań obejmował obróbkę odlewanych klamek ze stopu magnezu w wygładzarce wibro-ściernej z zastosowaniem różnego typu kształtek ściernych ceramicznych, żywicznych i porcelanowych oraz ich wybłyszczania i suszenia granulatem z kolby kukurydzy w suszarce wibracyjnej. Pomiary morfologii i struktury geometrycznej powierzchni klamek ze stopu magnezu wykonano po każdym etapie obróbki wibro-ściernej z zastosowaniem mikroskopu i profilometru optycznego.

EN

In the paper there were presented the results of studies on the influence of vibration-abrasive treatment conditions on the morphology and geometric structure of surfaces of handles made of magnesium alloy AZ91. The scope of the presented studies included attempts to process cast magnesium alloy handles in a vibratory-abrasive smoothing machine using various types of ceramic, resin and porcelain abrasive fittings as well as their polishing and drying with granules from the corn cob in a vibratory dryer. The morphology and geometric structure of the surface of the magnesium alloy handles were measured after each step of the vibration-abrasive treatment using a microscope and an optical profilometer.

4

Modification of Surface Morphology and Surface Properties of Copper-Nickel Alloy by Anodic Treatment in a Deep Eutectic Solvent (Ethaline)

Protsenko Vyacheslav, Butyrina Tatyana, Makhota Dmytro, Korniy Sergiy, Danilov Felix

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2023

|

Vol. 68, iss. 2

477--482

EN

A deep eutectic solvent, ethaline (as a typical representative of new-generation room temperature ionic liquids), was used to anodically treat the surface of copper-nickel alloy (55 wt.% Cu). Anodic treatment in ethaline allows flexibly affecting the patterns of surface morphology: formation of stellated crystallites and surface smoothing (i.e. electropolishing) are observed depending on the applied electrode potential. The measured values of roughness coefficient (Ra) well correlate with the changes in surface morphology. Anodic treatment of Cu-Ni alloy in ethaline contributes to a considerable increase in the electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction in an alkaline aqueous medium, which can be used to develop new high-efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts within the framework of the concept of carbon-free hydrogen economy.

5

Initial comparative studies of the anodic polarization of 304 austenitic steel in eutectic solvents containing propylene or ethylene glycol

Marczewski Marek, Frąckowiak Sandra, Winiarski Juliusz

Ochrona przed Korozją

|

2022

|

nr 4

103--106

EN

This work presents preliminary comparative studies on the process of electrochemical polishing of austenitic 304 steel in two deep eutectic solvents (DES), based on polyols as hydrogen bond donors. The first is the choline chloride and ethylene glycol solvent, known before in the literature, and the second is the rarely discussed choline chloride and propylene glycol solvent. The analyzes showed that in the latter liquid it is possible to achieve similar results as in the first solvent, but without obtaining a full-fledged effect of electrochemical polishing. The process of anodic polarization in each range of current density for each liquid led to an increase in surface roughness and a simultaneous smoothing of the steel microstructure in the case of tested high current densities. For samples subjected to anodic polarization at medium and high current densities, a slight increase in corrosion resistance was observed compared to the chemically etched steel sample.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano wstępne badania porównawcze nad procesem polerowania elektrochemicznego stali austenitycznej 304 w dwóch rozpuszczalnikach eutektycznych (deep eutectic solvents, DES) opartych na poliolach jako donorach wiązania wodorowego. Pierwszym z rozpuszczalników był znany w literaturze przedmiotu układ złożony z chlorku choliny i glikolu etylenowego, a drugim – rzadko omawiany układ złożony z chlorku choliny i glikolu propylenowego. Wykazano, że w wypadku ostatniej cieczy można osiągnąć podobne wyniki co w tej na bazie glikolu etylenowego, nie uzyskując jednak wyraźnego efektu polerowania elektrochemicznego. Proces polaryzacji anodowej w każdym zakresie gęstości prądu dla każdej cieczy doprowadził do zwiększenia się chropowatości powierzchni przy jednoczesnym wygładzeniu mikrostruktury stali w wypadku ustalonych wysokich gęstości prądu. Stwierdzono drobny wzrost odporności na korozję próbek poddanych polaryzacji anodowej przy średnich i wysokich gęstościach prądu w porównaniu z próbką stalową trawioną chemicznie.

6

Badania porównawcze zużycia i trwałości ostrza frezów tarczowych z powłokami przeciwzużyciowymi po ostrzeniu na szlifierce CNC

Gołąbczak Marcin, Drużny Przemysław, Jędrzejczak Anna, Mirski Tomasz, Gołąbczak Andrzej

Obróbka Metalu

|

2022

|

Nr 4

10--18

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces ostrzenia frezów tarczowych z powłokami przeciwzużyciowymi na szlifierce CNC oraz wyniki badań porównawczych po ostrzeniu, dotyczące oceny ich zużycia i okresu trwałości w warunkach przemysłowego przecinania profili stalowych ze stali konstrukcyjnej S320GD z powłoką antykorozyjną Magnelis ZM310.

EN

In this paper the sharpening proces of disc cutters with wear protection coating on a CNC grinding machine was described. The results of comparative tests after sharpening to evaluate wear and durability under the conditions of industrial cutting of stainless steel sections S320GD with Magnelis ZM310 corrosion protection coat Leakage was presented too.

7

Effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated electroless Ni-YSZ coating

Bahiyah Baba N., Ghazali A. S., Azinee S. N., Abdul Rahman A. H., Sharif S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 114, nr 1

5--14

EN

Purpose: The paper discusses the surface characterisation of electroless nickel-yttria-stabilised zirconia (Ni-YSZ) coating with varying YSZ particle sizes and undergoes heat treatment at a temperature between 300-400°C for 1-2 hours for wear resistance purposes. This finding will be helpful to the application of Ni-YSZ as an alternative coating for cutting tools. Design/methodology/approach: The surface characterisation was analysed using JOEL Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) JSM 7800F. The crystallographic structure of materials was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Bruker D8 Advance instrument. The Ni-YSZ coating was deposited using electroless nickel co-deposition of 8YSZ ceramic particles with a nano, mixed and microparticle sizes onto a high-speed steel (HSS) substrate. The coatings were heat treated at temperature 300-400°C and time 1-2 hours. The surface roughness was measured using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester SJ-301. Findings: The electroless Ni-YSZ coating deposited has an average thickness of 30 μm. It is found that the coating morphology electroless coating without YSZ particle incorporation (EN) and Ni-YSZ nano (N) is smoother compared to the Ni-YSZ mixed (NM) and Ni-YSZ micro (M). The EDS composition analysis shows the YSZ content in the electroless Ni-YSZ coating for N samples is the lowest, whereas NM samples are the highest. This resulted in the surface roughness behaviour where the mixed-size YSZ particle gives the highest roughness at all temperatures. The XRD analysis shows that heating temperatures above 300°C caused the precipitation of Ni3P crystalline. Research limitations/implications: Previous studies in the surface characterisation of electroless nickel composite are scarce; thus, the study has limitations in finding supporting data. Originality/value: The surface characterisation especially related to the surface roughness of the electroless nickel, either the Ni-P or composites or alloys are rarely reported. Thus, this study enlightened the effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated coatings.

8

Tribological and surface morphological characteristics of titanium alloys: a review

Gupta Munish Kumar, Etri Hamza El, Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi, Ross Nimel Sworna, Krolczyk Grzegorz M., Gawlik Józef, Yaşar Nafiz, Pimenov Danil Yu.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 22, no. 2

art. no. e72, 1--23

EN

Being easily fabricated, welded, biocompatible, having a high strength-to-weight ratio, withstanding comparatively high temperatures up to 800°C and low modulus of elasticity make grade titanium and its alloys an important choice for automotive, biomedical and aerospace industries. In contempt of the different pleasant assets of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the operation of this alloy is restricted especially when it comes to tribological and surface morphological characteristics. Enhancing these properties is important, for this purpose, a diversity of attempts and studies have been conducted. This paper mounts a review of morphological and tribological behaviors of titanium alloys including Ti-6Al-4V against different materials counting with carbide tools and other types of materials under dry and lubricated sliding conditions. The surface morphological, wear, and other properties have been discussed in this review article.

9

Effect of low temperature annealing on anatase TiO2 layer as photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell

Noorasid Nur Syamimi, Arith Faiz, Mustafa Ahmad Nizamuddin, Azam Mohd Asyadi, Suhaimy Syazwan Hanani Meriam, Al-Ani, Oras A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2021

|

R. 97, nr 10

12--16

EN

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have been successfully fabricated with a low annealing temperature (100 °C to 500 °C) approach to the anatase TiO2 photoanode deposited by a screen-printing method. In this paper, the surface morphology and structure of the TiO2 thin films were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscope while I-V characteristic was used for the electrical properties. Sample with an annealing temperature of 300 °C displays a good feature in terms of porosity and enhanced agglomerated surface.

PL

Ogniwa słoneczne uczulone barwnikiem (DSSC) zostały z powodzeniem wyprodukowane przy niskiej temperaturze wyżarzania (100 °C do 500 °C) z fotokomórką anatazu TiO2 osadzaną metodą sitodruku. W artykule zbadano morfologię powierzchni i strukturę cienkich warstw TiO2 przy użyciu skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM), dyfrakcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego (XRD) i spektroskopu Ramana, natomiast dla właściwości elektrycznych wykorzystano charakterystykę I-V. Próbka o temperaturze wyżarzania 300 °C wykazuje dobrą cechę pod względem porowatości i zwiększonej powierzchni zaglomerowanej.

10

An investigation of wire offset and surface morphology of Die Steel D-3 on Wire EDM by using RSM-CCD

Hasan Mohd Faizan, Bharti Prem Kumar, Rahim Mohd Reyaz Ur

Production Engineering Archives

|

2021

|

Vol. 27, Iss. 2

112--118

EN

The work investigated the effect on wire offset and surface morphology, with input process parameters as peak current, pulse on time, wire tension over Die Steel D3. Some of experiments were performed by using response surface methodology (RSM) as the design of experiment with central composite design (CCD) technique for the analysis. The ANOVA results annotate that the model is significant. Wire Tension and peak current are observed to have major impact on wire offset during machining operation and surface morphology. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed that the thermal stresses produced during the machining of the workpiece resulted in the development of microcracks, craters and spherical module. Due to higher thermal gradient i.e., higher peak current and pulse on-time larger cracks and melted deposits were observed.

11

Surface morphology and physical properties of sheep wool of selected Polish breeds

Broda Jan, Paczkowska Ewa

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 1 (21)

46--53

EN

The wool of three Polish sheep breeds was investigated. Basic physical properties of fibres: length, diameter and strength were determined and surface morphology using scanning elec- tron microscope were studied. It was stated that raw fibres are coated by significant quantity of a grease. After removing of the grease on the fibres surface fine scales are observed. For all three breeds the fibres are short and thick. The fibres length and thickness is character- ized by significant diversity. The fibres exhibit low strength and high elasticity.

PL

W ramach pracy przeprowadzono badania wełny trzech polskich ras owiec. W czasie badań zbadano morfologię powierzchni włókien oraz wyznaczono ich podstawowe parametry fi- zyczne: długość, średnicę i wytrzymałość. Badania morfologii powierzchni przeprowadzono dla włókien pranych i niepranych z zastosowaniem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowe- go. W czasie badań stwierdzono, że włókna surowe pokryte są znaczną ilością tłuszczopotu. Po usunięciu tłuszczopotu na powierzchni włókien widoczne są dobrze zachowane łuski. Włókna wszystkich trzech ras są krótkie i grube, charakteryzują się dużym zróżnicowaniem długości i grubości, i posiadają niską wytrzymałość i dużą elastyczność.

12

Influence of torsion on the structure of machine elements made of polymeric materials by 3D printing

Dębski Mariusz, Magniszewski Marek, Bernaczek Jacek, Przeszłowski Łukasz, Gontarz Małgorzata, Kiełbicki Mateusz

Polimery

|

2021

|

T. 66, nr 5

298--304

EN

In this work, on the example of a spline connection, the effect of 3D printing on the structure of machine elements made of polymeric materials after a torsion test was investigated. A clear influence of the type of polymer and the printing direction in the applied incremental technology [FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) also known as FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)] on the structure of the obtained elements was observed.

PL

W pracy, na przykładzie połączenia wielowypustowego, zbadano wpływ druku 3D na strukturę elementów maszyn wykonanych z materiałów polimerowych po próbie skręcania. Zaobserwowano wyraźny wpływ rodzaju polimeru i kierunku druku w stosowanych technologiach przyrostowych (FFF/FDM) na strukturę otrzymanych elementów.

13

Chemically Modified Cellulose Capped Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite: Spectral and Optical Properties

Jagadeeswari R., Selvakumar P., Jeevanantham V., Saravanan R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2021

|

Vol. 66, iss. 3

911--915

EN

In this study, a new chemically modified cellulose polymer-capped ZnO nanopowder prepared by hydrothermal method using chemically modified cellulose polymer as capping agent was successfully reported. The structural characteristics of CMC-capped ZnO nanopowder was reported by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX studies. XRD results revealed crystallographic properties like crystal composition, phase purity and crystallite size of the prepared CMC-capped ZnO nanopowder and average size calculated by Debye Scherrer formula as 14.66 nm. EDX studies revealed that the presence of elemental compositions of capping agent in the nanopowder samples. The optical characterization of the CMC-capped ZnO nanopowder was studied using UV absorption (λ max = 303 nm) and PL spectroscopy (λ ex = 295 nm). The average crystal diameter and grain size were calculated by effective mass approximation formula and compared with XRD findings that agreed well and verified CMC capped ZnO with particle size of 193 nm. Thus, the promising optical characteristics shown by the synthesized CMC capped ZnO nanopowders exposes its potential usage in bio-medical fields.

14

Tribological Properties of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy after Isothermal Oxidation

Aniołek Krzysztof, Barylski Adrian, Osior Denis

Tribologia

|

2019

|

nr 3

5--12

EN

The paper presents the characterization of tribological properties of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy before and after isothermal oxidation in different friction couples. Microscopic observations have shown that uniform oxide layers were obtained, which evenly covered the entire surface of the investigated samples. It was found that oxide layers deposited on the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy substrate contribute to a considerable improvement of the tribological properties. The best resistance to sliding wear was shown by the layer obtained at a temperature of 600°C. It was also shown that presence of oxide layers on the surface of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy leads to an increase in the friction coefficient. The highest increase in the value of the friction coefficient was observed for a surface oxidized at 650°C during interaction with an Al2O3 ball. SEM observations of traces of the tribological interaction showed the presence of numerous scratches and fine wear products on the friction surface. For the non-oxidized condition, after interaction with a ball made of bearing steel 100Cr6, the presence was found of alternating, morphologically varied areas which had formed as a result of corrugation wear. Tests have shown that isothermal oxidation eliminates this disadvantageous phenomenon.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę właściwości tribologicznych stopu Ti-6Al-7Nb przed oraz po utlenianiu izotermicznym w różnych skojarzeniach ciernych. Obserwacje mikroskopowe wykazały, że otrzymano jednolite warstwy tlenkowe, które równomiernie pokrywały całą powierzchnię badanych próbek. Stwierdzono, że warstwy tlenkowe otrzymane na podłożu stopu Ti-6Al-7Nb prowadzą do znacznej poprawy właściwości tribologicznych. Najlepszą odpornością na zużycie ścierne cechowała się warstwa tlenkowa otrzymana w temperaturze 650°C. Wykazano ponadto, że obecność warstw tlenkowych na powierzchni stopu Ti-6Al-7Nb prowadzi do wzrostu współczynnika tarcia. Największy wzrost współczynnika tarcia zaobserwowano dla powierzchni utlenionej w temperaturze 650°C podczas współpracy z kulką Al2O3. Obserwacje SEM śladów współpracy tribologicznej wykazały na powierzchni tarcia obecność licznych rys oraz drobne produkty zużycia. Dla stanu nieutlenionego po współpracy z kulką ze stali łożyskowej 100Cr6 stwierdzono obecność naprzemianległych różnych morfologicznie obszarów powstałych w wyniku zużycia falistego. Wykazano, że utlenianie izotermiczne eliminuje to niekorzystne zjawisko.

15

Effect of Distilled Water and Kerosene as Dielectrics on Machining Rate and Surface Morphology of Al-6061 During Electricdischarge Machining

Arshad Rubab, Mehmood Shahid, Shah Masood, Imran Muhammad, Qayyum Faisal

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, no 3

162--169

EN

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is widely used for manufacturing complex metal parts. The machining parameters like dielectric fluid, electrode material, current, voltage and pulse rate during EDM are controlled to obtain desired Material Removal Rate (MRR) and it also affects the surface morphology of manufactured components. In this research, effect of changing machining parameters, dielectric fluid (distilled water and kerosene) and electrode materials (copper and graphite) on surface morphology of Al 6061 T6 alloy during EDM is investigated. It is observed that the distilled water reacts with the molten aluminum and produces deep pits / voids on the surface due to liberation of hydrogen gas. A micro crack network is seen radiating from the edge of these pits. It is believed that the very high thermal conductivity of distilled water is responsible for the micro crack network and reduced material removal rate when compared with non-reactive kerosene oil.

16

Chemical surface growth and physical properties of the Au nanoparticles array on glass slides

Kusnezh V. V., Il'Chuk H. A., Tsyupko F. I., Placzek-Popko E., Gwozdz K., Bieganski P.

Materials Science Poland

|

2018

|

Vol. 36, No. 1

42--45

EN

Gold nanoparticle array on pretreated glass substrates was fabricated by chemical surface growth from the AuCl3, CH2O and Na2CO3 components in aqueous solutions mixture. Transmission, absorption and reflectivity spectra were measured with an UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A change in plasmon maximum absorption position depending on the growth conditions was investigated. The surface morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy. The statistical analysis of the heights, particles diameter and image cross-sections was carried out by scanning probe microscopy methods and the Au NPs size dependence on the growth time was experimentally determined. The results of this paper will contribute to the optimization of plasmonic CdS/CdTe solar cell.

17

Effect of ammonium sulfate on the sulfidation flotation of malachite

Liu C., Feng Q., Zhang G.

Archives of Mining Sciences

|

2018

|

Vol. 63, no. 1

139--148

EN

The effect of ammonium sulfate on the sulfidation flotation of malachite was investigated by micro-flotation tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) measurements. Micro-flotation results show that the sodium sulfide concentration and strring time are difficult to control on the sulfidation flotation of malachite. However, when ammonium sulfate was used, the detrimental effect of mixing time and high dosage of sodium sulfide on the sulfidization flotation of malachite can be efficiently eliminated. SEM results showed that sulfidized film on malachite in the presence of ammonium sulfate, and EDS analysis results showed that more S element absorbed and distributed equality on the malachite surface, which was agreed well with the macro-flotation results.

PL

Badano wpływ siarczanu amonu na przebieg procesu siarczkowania w trakcie flotacji malachitu przy wykorzystaniu badania mikroskopowego, mikroskopii elektronowej skanningowej (SEM) oraz pomiarów spektrometrycznych rozpraszania energii EDS. Testy mikroskopowe wykazały, że stężenie siarczku sodu i długość czasu mieszania są parametrami, które niezwykle trudno kontrolować w trakcie procesu siarczkowania towarzyszącemu flotacji malachitu. Z kolei przy zastosowaniu siarczanu amonu, udaje się skutecznie wyeliminować niekorzystne efekty związane z czasem mieszania oraz wysokimi stężeniami siarczku sodu w trakcie flotacji malachitu poprzez siarczkowanie. Wyniki mikroskopii skaningowej wskazują, że przy zastosowaniu siarczanu amonu powstaje cienki film siarczkowy na malachicie zaś pomiary spektrometryczne wykazały większe ilości zaabsorbowanej i bardziej równomiernie rozłożonej siarki pierwiastkowej S na powierzchni malachitu, co pozostaje w pełnej zgodności z wynikami uzyskanymi z badania procesu flotacji w skali makro.

18

Fabrication of Multilayer Cu/Ni Systems with Nanometric Layers by Electrolysis Method

Spilka M., Babilas R., Ratuszek W., Kowalska J., Matus K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2018

|

Vol. 63, iss. 4

2067--2073

EN

The paper presents research results of multilayer systems composed of alternate Cu/Ni layers. The layers thickness obtained by the galvanic treatment was determined by using the transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction method in the grazing incidence diffraction geometry. The surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscope with EDS microanalysis. Observation of the surface topography of systems using the atomic force microscope was also carried out.

19

Effects of Different Nitriding Methods on Nitrided Layer Structure and Morphology

Jasiński J. J., Frączek T., Kurpaska Ł., Lubas M., Sitarz M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2018

|

Vol. 63, iss. 1

337--345

EN

The paper presents a comparison of the nitrided layer structure and morphology formed with a conventional controlled gas method, widely use in industrial applications and a layer formed with cathode plasma nitriding (CPN) and active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN). Nitriding processes were realized at 793K for different times and altering parameters, depending on the nitriding process technique. Research have been realized on the Fe Armco material using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SEM/EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD-GID) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of the results has confirmed that the structure of the nitrided layer depends mainly on process methodology. In addition Authors has also analyzed kinetics of the process which varies and depends mainly from the surface layer saturation mechanism and nitriding parameters. Acquired knowledge on the structural components of the nitrided layer made it possible to optimize the nitriding parameters in order to reduce or even eliminate the usually unfavorable, brittle compounds and porous zones and of the nitrided layer in the aspect of exploitation properties improvement of the metallic materials.

20

Multi-sensor evaluation of the concrete within the interlayer bond with regard to pull-off adhesion

Sadowski Ł., Żak A., Hoła J.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

573--582

EN

The article presents the results of multi-sensor evaluation of the concrete within the interphase between overlay and existing substrate with regard to pull-off adhesion. It has been shown that both the effective surface area of the existing concrete substrate and the contribution of the exposed aggregate on this substrate, as a result of concrete substrate surface treatment, have a significant impact on pull-off adhesion. The highest adhesion was obtained when the surface of the existing concrete substrate was shot-blasted. This method of surface treatment provides both a high coarseness of the surface of the existing concrete substrate and considerable exposure of the aggregate on this surface. In order to clarify why this method of surface treatment of existing concrete substrate is advantageous with regard to the possibility of obtaining high adhesion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. SEM microstructural analysis was performed on concrete cubic specimens taken from the interphase zone between the overlay and existing concrete substrate. The results of these studies, including the contact type between the overlay made of cement mortar and the existing concrete substrate, are presented in the study.