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1

Innovative acoustic emission method for monitoring the quality and integrity of ferritic steel gas pipelines

Świt Grzegorz, Ulewicz Małgorzata, Pała Robert, Adamczak-Bugno Anna, Lipiec Sebastian, Krampikowska Aleksandra, Dzioba Ihor

Production Engineering Archives

|

2024

|

Vol. 30, Iss. 2

233--240

EN

This article presents a comprehensive improvement in the experimental analysis of cracking processes in smooth and sharp V-notched samples taken from gas transport pipelines, utilizing the acoustic emis-sion (AE) method. The research aimed to establish a robust correlation between the failure mechanisms of uni-axially tensile samples and the distinct characteristics of AE signals for enhanced quality man-agement in pipeline integrity. The study encompassed materials from two different straight pipe sec-tions, encompassing both long-term used materials and new, unused materials. Through the applica-tion of the k-means grouping method to AE signal analysis, we achieved the identification of AE signal parameters characteristic of various stages of the material destruction process. This advancement in-troduces a significant improvement in monitoring and managing the operational safety of pipeline networks, offering a methodology that leverages advanced acoustic emission signal analysis. The out-comes present significant implications for the pipeline industry by proposing methods to enhance safety systems and more effectively manage the integrity and quality of gas infrastructure.

2

Occupational burnout among uniformed services – causes and ways to counteract it on the example of firefighters

Bogdan Stefanowski

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2023

|

Nr 85

153--165

EN

In its broadest sense, how people function in the work environment is a point of interest for researchers from many scientific disciplines. Currently, research tends to focus increasingly on issues related to stress experienced in the workplace, various coping strategies and consequences manifested in many spheres of human life. Adverse working conditions can contribute to the emergence of the burnout syndrome, resulting, according to the classical concept, from a mismatch between the employees’ intentions and realities of the job caused by inadequate coping strategies. Professional burnout has diverse effects on wellbeing and health of employees. Firefighters are particularly exposed to the adverse impact of stress and professional burnout. This paper presents the phenomenon of professional burnout, an analysis of its causes, symptoms and consequences, as well as methods of its prevention. Original articles and case reports on firefighter burnout published from January 2002 to November 2022 were reviewed in Web of Science. The review identified the problem of burnout in the professional group of firefighters including potential directions for burnout prevention.

PL

W najszerszym ujęciu funkcjonowanie człowieka w środowisku pracy jest punktem zainteresowania badaczy z wielu dyscyplin naukowych. Obecnie badania coraz częściej koncentrują się na zagadnieniach związanych ze stresem doświadczanym w miejscu pracy, różnymi strategiami radzenia sobie z nim oraz konsekwencjami przejawiającymi się w wielu sferach życia człowieka. Niekorzystne warunki pracy mogą przyczynić się do powstania zespołu wypalenia zawodowego, wynikającego, zgodnie z klasyczną koncepcją, z niedopasowania intencji pracowników do realiów pracy, spowodowanego nieadekwatnymi strategiami radzenia sobie. Wypalenie zawodowe ma szereg skutków dla samopoczucia i zdrowia pracowników. Strażacy są szczególnie narażeni na negatywne skutki stresu i wypalenia zawodowego. W artykule przedstawiono zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego, analizę jego przyczyn, objawów i konsekwencji, a także metody jego zapobiegania. Dokonano przeglądu oryginalnych artykułów i opisów przypadków dotyczących wypalenia zawodowego strażaków opublikowanych od stycznia 2002 r. do listopada 2022 r. w bazie Web of Science. W wyniku przeglądu określono problem wypalenia zawodowego w grupie zawodowej strażaków, a także możliwe kierunki profilaktyki wypalenia.

3

Wpływ postępowania ze zwierzętami przed ubojem i metod oszałamiania na jakość mięsa wieprzowego

Jankowiak Hanna, Palka Robert

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2023

|

T. 77, nr 3

19--22

PL

Mięso stanowi ważną część diety człowieka dostarczając m.in. białko o wysokiej wartości biologicznej, a wieprzowina jest najczęściej spożywanym mięsem w Polsce. Pozyskanie dobrej jakości tuszy oraz mięsa świń jest gwarantem wysokiej jakości produktów mięsnych. Ważnym momentem determinującym zmiany w mięsie jest ubój. Dostarczenie zwierząt rzeźnych wiąże się z mieszaniem osobników, załadunkiem, transportem, rozładunkiem, przepędem, magazynowaniem, procesem oszałamiania i kłucia, czyli wykrwawiania. Obrót przedubojowy i sam proces uboju stanowi zatem najbardziej stresogenny okres w życiu świni. Dobrostan zwierząt podczas transportu i uboju trzody chlewnej leży zatem w interesie zarówno producentów, jak i konsumentów. Kluczowym elementem w tym procesie jest bezstresowe doprowadzenie zwierząt do stanowiska ubojowego i przeprowadzenie w sposób właściwy oszałamiania. Przy uboju pośrednim świń wyróżnia się dwa rodzaje oszałamiania, tj.: elektryczne oraz gazowe, które są stosowane, w zależności od wielkości zakładów ubojowych. Celem pracy była analiza wpływu postępowania ze zwierzętami w trakcie uboju, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zastosowanych metod oszałamiania (ogłuszania) na jakość wieprzowiny.

EN

Meat is the part of the human diet that provides protein with high nutritional value, and pork is the most consumed meat in the world. Obtaining good quality carcass and meat from pigs is a guarantee of obtaining high-quality meat products. Slaughter is an important moment determining the changes in meat. The supply of slaughter animals involves the mixing of individuals, loading, transporting, unloading, herding, storage, stunning and bleeding. Therefore, the day of slaughter is the most stressful time in a pig’s life. That is why, animal welfare during the transport and slaughter of pigs is in the interest of consumers and producers. The key solution in this process is to bring the animals stress-free to the slaughter place and doing the stunning in right way. In indirect slaughter of pigs, two types of stunning are distinguished, i.e. electric and gas, which are used depending on the size of the slaughterhouses. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of handling animals during slaughter on the pork quality, due to the use of the stunning method.

4

Rola ćwiczeń oddechowych w regulacji poziomu stresu i nastroju – przegląd badań

Sumińska Sylwia

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

|

2023

|

nr 7

16-19

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano związek pomiędzy regularnym praktykowaniem powolnego oddychania (tytułowych ćwiczeń oddechowych) a nastrojem i poziomem stresu, a także bezpośrednie efekty, jakie przynosi wykonanie kilkuminutowego ćwiczenia polegającego na spowolnieniu tempa oddechu. Wyjaśniono, czym są ćwiczenia oddechowe, oraz omówiono wyniki różnych badań dotyczących powolnego oddechu i jego wpływu na nastrój człowieka. Wiele z tych badań ujawnia, że odpowiednie ćwiczenia oddechowe przyczyniają się do poprawy nastroju i samopoczucia oraz spadku objawów napięcia i lęku, co przekłada się na lepsze funkcjonowanie człowieka w środowisku pracy, w tym na wzrost jego efektywności i satysfakcji z pracy. Z punktu widzenia firmy oznacza to z kolei mniejsze koszty wynikające z błędów popełnianych przez pracowników.

EN

The article presents the relationship between the regular practice of slow breathing and mood and stress levels, as well as the direct effects of a few minutes of slow breathing exercise. Breathing exercises were explained and the results of the latest research on slow breathing and its impact on human mood were discussed. Many of these studies reveal that breathing exercises contribute to the improvement of mood and well-being and the reduction of symptoms of tension and anxiety, which translates into better functioning of a person in the work environment, including an increase in his efficiency and job satisfaction. From the company's point of view, this, in turn, means lower costs resulting from errors made by employees.

5

Three-dimensional numerical study of the behavior of thermoelectric and mechanical coupling during spark plasma sintering of a polycrystalline material

Kriba Abdelmalek, Mechighel Farid

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

LXX, nr 4

497--529

EN

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a promising modern technology that sinters a powder, whether it is ceramic or metallic, transforming it into a solid. This technique applies both mechanical pressure and a pulsed direct electric current simultaneously. This study presents a three-dimensional (3D) numerical investigation of the thermoelectric (thermal and electric current density fields) and mechanical (strain-stress and displacement fields) couplings during the SPS process of two powders: alumina (ceramic) and copper (metallic). The ANSYS software was employed to solve the conservation equations for energy, electric potential, and mechanical equilibrium simultaneously. Initially, the numerical findings regarding the thermoelectric and mechanical coupling phenomena observed in the alumina and copper specimens were compared with existing numerical and experimental results from the literature. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine the influence of current intensity and applied pressure on the aforementioned coupling behavior within the SPS device. The aim was to verify and clarify specific experimental values associated with these parameters, as reported in the literature, and identify the optimal values of applied pressure (5 MPa for alumina and 8.72 MPa for copper) and electric current (1000 A for alumina and 500 A for copper) to achieve a more homogeneous material.

6

Applying elvie - tool for psychosocial risk assessment: results of a case study

Moraru Roland-Iosif, Posyłek Mirosław

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

|

2022

|

Vol. 4, nr 1

245-256

EN

About half of European workers believe that stress is common in their workplace and that it is the cause of about half of all lost working days. In Europe, 25% of workers report suffering from work stress all the time or most of their working time, with a similar percentage reporting that stress adversely affects their health. Estimates of costs borne by employers and society are considerable, amounting to tens of billions of euros at European level. Considering the exponential increase in the last decade of the impact of occupational stress and the direct implications on the health and well-being of workers, coupled with the low level of attention paid to this risk by employers and labor inspectorates in Romania, this paper aimed at developing a company-level research to validate the applicability of a specific psychosocial risk assessment tool. The preliminary results obtained confirmed the need to increase the real attention paid to this component of the health status of workers - and implicitly of enterprises - allowing the substantiation of a plan of measures designed to minimize psychosocial risks in the investigated company.

7

Bandwidth and power enhancement in the MEMS-based piezoelectric energy harvester using magnetic tip mass

Anand Ashutosh, Pal Srikanta, Kundu Sudip

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 1

art. no. e137509

EN

In this paper, the performance and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PZEH) is improved by introducing two permanent magnets attached to the proof mass of a dual beam structure. Both magnets are in the vicinity of each other and attached in such a way to proof mass of a dual beam so that they create a magnetic field around each other. The generated magnetic field develops a repulsive force between the magnets, which improves electrical output and enhances the bandwidth of the harvester. The simple rectangular cantilever structure with and without magnetic tip mass has a frequency bandwidth of 4 Hz and 4.5 Hz, respectively. The proposed structure generates a peak voltage of 20 V at a frequency of 114.51 Hz at an excitation acceleration of 1 g (g= 9.8 m/s2 ). The peak output power of a proposed structure is 25.5 µW. The operational frequency range of a proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT is from 102.51 Hz to 120.51 Hz, i.e., 18 Hz. The operational frequency range of a dual beam cantilever without magnetic tip mass is from 104.18 Hz to 118.18 Hz, i.e., 14 Hz. There is an improvement of 22.22% in the frequency bandwidth of the proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT than the dual beam without magnetic tip mass.

8

Kompleksowa ocena psychospołecznych warunków pracy kierowców autobusów miejskich i dalekobieżnych

Kapica Łukasz, Najmiec Andrzej, Baka Łukasz

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

|

2022

|

nr 4

18-22

PL

Celem badania przedstawionego w artykule była kompleksowa ocena psychospołecznych warunków pracy kierowców autobusów miejskich i dalekobieżnych. Badaniem objęto 500 kierowców autobusów z 52 różnych firm przewozowych. Narzędziem badawczym był Kopenhaski Kwestionariusz Psychospołecznych Warunków Pracy - COPSOQ II. Analizę przeprowadzono za pomocą testu t-studenta, w którym porównywano średnie wyników kierowców miejskich i dalekobieżnych. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, że kierowcy tych pojazdów nie stanowią jednorodnej grupy zawodowej pod kątem występujących zagrożeń psychospołecznych w środowisku pracy. Kierowcy autobusów miejskich mają wyższy poziom wymagań emocjonalnych i tempa pracy, różnią się także od kierowców autobusów dalekobieżnych pod względem warunków organizacji pracy oraz poziomami stresu i dobrostanu.

EN

The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the psychosocial working conditions of city and long-distance bus drivers. Data were collected among 500 bus drivers from 52 different companies. The variables was measured with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Working Conditions Questionnaire - COPSOQ II. The analysis was carried out using the t-test, which compared the mean results of urban and long-distance drivers. The study showed that city and long-distance bus drivers do not constitute a homogeneous professional group in terms of psychosocial risks in the work environment. City bus drivers have a higher level of emotional demands and work pace, and they also differ from long-distance bus drivers in terms of work organization conditions, stress and well-being.

9

Sleep deficit and managers’ functioning in stressful situations

Kraczla Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 153

259--272

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the relationship between the daily sleep index of managers and their behaviour in stressful situations. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents an overview of the determinants that influence how people in managerial positions choose to deal with stressful situations, a subject well described in psychological literature. This choice is determined by requirements and organizational context and is developed based on one’s personal experience. This personal propensity should also be considered in the context of sleep deficit, which is not uncommon in today’s organisational cultures as lack of sleep for the sake of increased managerial engagement and activity is not only quite commonplace, but is often glorified as a strategy. Findings: The considerations presented in the article indicate that sleep, as an individual resource of every manager, creates the space that is needed for the implementation of appropriate strategies for coping with stress in the workplace. Research limitations/implications: It is worth performing more research on larger sample groups, who would be differentiated according to organizational level and the decision-making independence of the managers being surveyed. Practical implications: As identified by the research presented here, understanding the relationship between sleep deficit and the behaviour of managers in situations of emotional stress could help to create future working conditions that are beneficial for people’s mental well-being and eliminating the consequences of sleep deficit, which can be dangerous for both individuals and their organisations. Social implications: If organisations factored sleep, understood as the ‘right to get enough sleep’, into the well-being criteria for the benefit of their workforce, including their managers, this could help them in their focus on health as a responsibility they are accountable for in business. Originality/value: The article determined the psycho-physical consequences of sleep deprivation as experienced by contemporary managers and the impact of sleep deficit on their behaviour in stressful circumstances. It has been shown that sleep, as a pivotal element contributing to ‘health and energy’, is a key competence resource of every manager.

10

Opinions of Polish students on the need for the transition to distance learning when facing the global pandemic COVID-19

Puto Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

|

z. 150

213--223

EN

Purpose: The objective of the article is to present the condition of Polish universities and trends occurring in distance learning and e-learning. The results of the research conducted among students of Polish universities (N-2226), who were forced to the transition to distance learning from day to day, are presented in the article. Using well-known statistical measures, the correlations between the selected factors have been indicated. The research results on the correlations between the following variables have been presented – the opinions on the need for the transition to distance learning during the pandemic and: • gender, • age, • taking up employment in addition to studying, • an opportunity to study in a separate room. Design/methodology/approach: For the research purposes, a well-known Internet Survey Panel was utilized, which was used to create and manage the surveys as well as to collect the results. The bivariate analysis was used, the objective of which was to determine the empirical relationship between the selected variables. In the research, among others, the following were used: Chi-Square Test for Independence, Phi-Square Test for Independence, Spearman’s rank correlation test. For the data with the responses specified on the ordinal scale in the correlation analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used. Findings: The change in the teaching method which has been experienced in relation to the global pandemic may prove to be a breakthrough and give rise to changes in student education so as to educate the future staff of Industry 4.0 using distance learning. Increasing students’ involvement in the learning process may help them acquire competences useful in their professional life more effectively.

11

Managers’ sleep deficit and stress-coping strategies in contemporary organisations – empirical analysis

Kraczla Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 154

103--119

EN

Purpose: This article seeks to establish whether there is a relationship between the amount of sleep managers have per night and their behaviour when in stressful situations, with particular reference to their choice of coping strategy. Design/methodology/approach: In order to establish the relationship between managers’ sleep duration and their preferred styles of coping with stress, two specific research tools were employed: a Polish adaptation of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and the author’s own questionnaire assessing respondents’ daily hours of sleep. Findings: The research showed that as a variable, sleep deficit is not sufficient to explain the behaviour of managers in situations of emotional stress. However, when treated as an independent variable, sleep duration can be used to identify certain interesting behavioural aspects of managers in their professional environment. Research limitations/implications: It is advisable to extend the research to include a larger research group and to distinguish other variables specific to the functioning of people in managerial positions. Practical implications: The lack of any correlation between the extent of sleep deprivation and behaviours aimed at reducing stress may indicate that these behaviours stem more from specific individual factors (e.g. gender or age) and environmental conditions rather than sleep duration. Identifying these conditions and understanding how they can be modified may help to shape the well-being of managers and their employees. Social implications: If organisations factored sleep duration into their work/health equation, this would help direct their efforts towards ensuring the well-being of their managers, which would lead to increased efficiency and performance. Originality/value: Sleep duration does not appear to be a variable that sufficiently explains the coping strategies employed by managers, as these are more influenced by age and gender, for example. The research showed that the group of managers analysed here did not meet the recommended standards of eight hours sleep a day, with sleep duration being heavily dependent on the respondents’ age.

12

Occupational risk analysis in the position of a policeman from Patrol and Intervention Link – a case study

Jagusiak-Kocik Marta

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

|

Vol. 3, nr 1

100--107

EN

The work presents the assessment of occupational risk using the Risk Score method for the position of a policeman from the Patrol and Intervention Link. A policeman in this position often works in conditions that are not only hazardous to health, but also to life. It patrols streets, buildings, etc. and participates in many interventions. Therefore, it seems important to raise the topic of occupational risk in such a position. By assessing occupational risk using the Risk Score method, threats were identified with the highest risk and activities that may reduce this risk have been indicated.

13

The Influence of Transport on the Quality of Poultry Meat®

Prejsnar Szymon, Ormian Małgorzata, Topczewska Jadwiga

Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego

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2021

|

nr 2

129--133

EN

The paper presents the impact of ante-mortem turnover on poultry stress and the effects of transport stress on meat quality and safety. Animal transport is one of the most stressful phases of ante-mortem turnover, during which birds are exposed to a number of unfavourable stress factors. During transport, skin damage and bodily injuries occur, carcass quality deteriorates, leading to unfavourable quality changes in the meat (changes in pH, colour, defects in PSE and DFD meat, micro biological and sensory changes) and deaths of birds.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ obrotu przedubojowego na stres u drobiu oraz skutki stresu transportowego na jakość i bezpieczeństwo mięsa. Transport zwierząt jest jedną z najbardziej stresujących faz obrotu przedubojowego, podczas którego ptaki narażone są na szereg niekorzystnych czynników stresowych. Podczas transportu dochodzi do uszkodzeń skóry i urazów ciała, pogorszenia jakości tuszek prowadzących do niekorzystnych zmian jakościowych mięsa (zmian pH, barwy, powstawania wad mięsa PSE i DFD, zmian mikrobiologiczknych i sensorycznych) a także padnięć ptaków.

14

Stress relaxation phenomena in polymeric orthodontic ligatures

Milewski Grzegorz

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2021

|

Vol. 24, no. 162

2--6

EN

Elastomeric products are applied in orthodontics mainly as elastic ligatures or chains and have become an alternative to wire ligation made of titanium alloy or stainless steel. Despite their popularity among the dentists and undoubtful advantages, some essential warnings are being raised regarding the degree of load loss. This relaxation phenomenon seems to be a dominant feature in the time-dependent behaviour of those elements in orthodontic procedures, such as dentition corrections or teeth extrusions. The aim of the paper was to examine and analyse the rheological properties of biocompatible orthodontic elastomeric ligatures. Five different polymeric orthodontic ligatures were examined in the following experiments: a simple relaxation test, relaxation simulating orthodontic extrusion and the two-steps relaxation process, which stands for so-called ‘secondary tightening’, resulting in the increase of the orthodontic force. The results of the relaxation experiments proved that among various descriptions of that phenomenon, the power-law descriptions fit the best time-dependent behaviour during orthodontic procedures. Power-law models give the most intensive initial relaxation, which is characteristic for elastomeric ligatures. The obtained results and analyses allow precise control of the treatment progress in the orthodontic extrusion procedure.

15

Kolorowanie jako forma walki ze stresem

Olszowy Magdalena

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

|

2020

|

nr 6

8-10

PL

Obecnie jedną z najważniejszych przyczyn stresu zawodowego jest rozwój technologii i przeobrażenie rynku pracy, nakładające na pracownika obowiązek teleobecności. Ciągłe zanurzenie w technologii zaburza relację z samym sobą, utrudniając stosowanie metod autoterapeutycznych, które mogłyby przeciwdziałać szkodliwemu wpływowi stresu. Kolorowanie jest jedną z metod interwencji antystresowych. W procesie autoterapeutycznym ma ono wpływ nie tylko na sprawniejsze zarządzanie stresem, ale również na redukcję lęku oraz wzrost uważności, koncentracji i kreatywności u badanych osób.

16

Trait Emotional Intelligence and its relation to Stress during the COVID–19 Pandemic. An empirical study on professional students of Dehradun, India

Bhatt Mamta, Sharma Deepti

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

|

2020

|

Vol. 24

31--38

EN

Emotional intelligence can be defined as a behavioral perception about understanding and regulating one's emotions. Trait emotional intelligence is the psychological construct measured by self-reported questionnaires, is considered part of a typical behavior, has been well studied in relation to stress, coping, positive thinking and adaptive responses and is amenable to training and enhancement. Covid-19 and its consequent lockdown present a unique opportunity to study stress. College students are particularly vulnerable group, not only because of the fear of the disease and its social impact, but also because of the strain associated with online classes, uncertainties regarding examinations and future career prospect and an overall bleak economic scenario. This study was conducted among college students pursuing professional courses in Dehradun, India, with a valid self-reported measure of EI, a global scale of perceived stress, and a self-made questionnaire about Covid-19 related stress, with the aim of assessing their emotional intelligence and to determine its correlation with stress. One hundred and eleven students were surveyed through an online questionnaire. Emotional intelligence had significant correlation with Covid-19 related stress, but not with perceived stress. Assessment of trait EI can identify students at risk of developing high stress.

17

Occupational burnout as a negative phenomenon in Polish uniformed services - research report

Mierzwa Danuta, Mierzwa Dominika, Kobel Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2019

|

z. 139

339--349

EN

Occupational burnout is an increasingly common disorder occurring in various occupational groups, especially in uniformed services. The research was conducted among police officers. The research process involved 140 policemen selected using the snowball sampling method. The results obtained confirmed that the vast majority (80%) suffer from medium and high levels of occupational burnout. The highest level of burnout is observed in long-serving males working in the prevention department. Research results show that there is an urgent need to, first and foremost, design measures to prevent the process of occupational burnout from developing in this group of employees. These activities should mainly focus on preventive and therapeutic programmes aimed at both minimising the risk factors and reducing the excessive work-related mental strain.

18

Assessment of obstetrician-patient relationship and stress levels experienced by women in healthy pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by maternal or fetal factors

Ilska Michalina, Kołodziej-Zaleska Anna, Brandt-Salmeri Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2019

|

z. 141

115--132

EN

Pregnancy is a special period in the life of a woman and her family, resulting in biological, social and psychological changes. Each pregnancy, even one non-burdened with social and obstetric risk, is a stressful situation (Dulude et al, 2002). For each pregnancy, the obstetrician-patient relationship and the level of the woman's confidence in the obstetrician become important. Patient's trust is one of the components of the satisfaction with medical care, which is a determinant as to adherence to the doctor's recommendations, leading to better clinical effects of the health care itself (Kurpas, Sapilak, Steciwko, 2006). The aim of this study was to assess the obstetrician-patient relationship during pregnancy and the stress levels experienced in four groups of women, selected on the basis of their pregnancy - healthy pregnancy and high-risk pregnancy complicated by: a fetal factor, a maternal factor or both factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between stress and trust towards the obstetrician in the studied groups. The research was conducted on a total of 242 women applying for follow-up examinations to the obstetrician or staying in the department of pregnancy pathology. The following measurement methods were used in the research: Global Stress Scale PSS-10 and the Trust in Physician Scale. The analyses have shown significant differences among the studied groups regarding the assessment of the magnitude of stress experienced and the assessment of confidence level towards the obstetrician. The magnitude of stress was negatively correlated with the level of trust towards the obstetrician only in the group of women in high-risk pregnancy complicated by a fetal factor.

19

The significance of stress affecting soldiers participating in international missions

Giebułtowska Magdalena

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

|

2019

|

R. 4, Nr 7-8

44--55

EN

The objective of the present article is to determine the negative changes that stress experienced by soldiers of participants in international missions may trigger in their functioning. It is assumed that these changes can be so extensive and intense that they will be able to limit the ability of soldiers to take action. Therefore, their participation in the international mission may be limited. This objective can be achieved by using methods of analysis and criticism of subject literature, as well as by induction and deduction. In the result of the carried analysis the author comes to the conclusion that stress can negatively affect the physical and psychological functioning of soldiers participating in international missions. Mission stressors can occur on the physical, cognitive, emotional, social and spiritual levels. They can trigger negative changes that are noticeable in the behaviour of soldiers. Furthermore they can also be so extensive that they can affect their ability to take combat action. The quoted research results are significant, as the description of how exactly the stress-induced negative changes in a single soldier can affect not only the safety of that individual, but also others, and thus the success of the entire mission.

20

Zachowania ludzi w sytuacjach kryzysowych

Kaczmarek Aleksandra

Problemy Jakości

|

2019

|

R. 51, nr 2

21--27

PL

Społeczeństwa od zawsze borykają się z różnymi sytuacjami kryzysowymi, które wywołane mogą być przez zdarzenia losowe czy indywidualne niepowodzenia. Żyjemy w świecie dynamicznie zmieniającym się, w którym coraz ważniejsza wydaje się być umiejętność działania w sytuacjach noszących znamiona kryzysu. Są to warunki, w których trudno jest ocenić konsekwencje podjętych działań. Stąd niezwykle ważną potrzebą w takich sytuacjach jest racjonalne postępowanie. Dlatego celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań dotyczących predyspozycji człowieka do działania w sytuacjach kryzysowych w oparciu o analizę wybranej literatury przedmiotu. Konsekwencje braku predyspozycji do wykonywania obowiązków służbowych mogą wpłynąć na jakość i efektywność realizowanych zadań.

EN

Societies have long been facing emergencies caused either by accident or by individual failures. We live in a dynamically developing world in which it is increasingly important to have an ability of acting in situations that may be regarded as emergencies. These are difficult conditions when it is not easy to predict the consequences of our behaviour. Therefore, an extremely important thing in such circumstances is to act reasonably. That is why, the purpose of this article is to present the results of the research concerning human aptitude to act in emergencies, basing on the analysis of literature in that matter. The consequences of no aptitude to perform professional duties might have an impact on the quality and effectiveness of the realised activities.