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1
Content available Approaching explanatory adequacy in phonology using Minimum Description Length
Rasin Exer, Berger Iddo, Lan Nur, Shefi Itamar, Katzir Roni
Journal of Language Modelling
|
2021
|
Vol. 9, No. 1
17--66
EN
A linguistic theory reaches explanatory adequacy if it arrives at a linguistically-appropriate grammar based on the kind of input available to children. In phonology, we assume that children can succeed even when the input consists of surface evidence alone, with no corrections or explicit paradigmatic information – that is, in learning from distributional evidence. We take the grammar to include both a lexicon of underlying representations and a mapping from the lexicon to surface forms. Moreover, this mapping should be able to express optionality and opacity, among other textbook patterns. This learning challenge has not yet been addressed in the literature. We argue that the principle of Minimum Description Length (MDL) offers the right kind of guidance to the learner – favoring generalizations that are neither overly general nor overly specific – and can help the learner overcome the learning challenge. We illustrate with an implemented MDL learner that succeeds in learning various linguistically-relevant patterns from small corpora.
2
Content available remote The Complexity of Diagnosability and Opacity Verification for Petri Nets
Bérard B., Haar S., Schmitz S., Schwoon S.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2018
|
Vol. 161, nr 4
317--349
EN
Diagnosability and opacity are two well-studied problems in discrete-event systems. We revisit these two problems with respect to expressiveness and complexity issues. We first relate different notions of diagnosability and opacity. We consider in particular fairness issues and extend the definition of Germanos et al. [ACM TECS, 2015] of weakly fair diagnosability for safe Petri nets to general Petri nets and to opacity questions. Second, we provide a global picture of complexity results for the verification of diagnosability and opacity. We show that diagnosability is NL-complete for finite state systems, PSPACE-complete for safe convergent Petri nets (even with fairness), and EXPSPACE-complete for general Petri nets without fairness, while non diagnosability is inter-reducible with reachability when fault events are not weakly fair. Opacity is ESPACE-complete for safe Petri nets (even with fairness) and undecidable for general Petri nets already without fairness.
3
Content available Particulate matter emission from dual fuel diesel engine fuelled with natural gas
Stelmasiak Z., Larisch J., Pielecha J., Pietras D.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2017
|
nr 2
96--104
EN
The paper presents the results of examination of particulate matter emission from the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT simultaneously fuelled with diesel oil and natural gas CNG. The basic premise for engine adaptation was the addition of a small amount of CNG to reduce exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. At this assumption, diesel oil remained the basic fuel, with contribution amounting to 0,70-0,85 of total energy delivered to the engine. The dual fuel engine was examined using an original controller installed in the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT which controlled the diesel fuel dose. The dose of the injected natural gas was controlled by changing the opening time of gas injectors at constant pressure in the gas collector. The examined issues included the exhaust gas opacity, and the total number and fractional distribution of the emitted particles. The measurements were performed at twenty selected measuring points corresponding to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test. The performed tests have demonstrated a positive effect of gas addition on exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. Depending on test conditions, the exhaust gas opacity was reduced by 10÷92%, and the total number of particles by 30÷40%. The performed tests have revealed that a small addition of gas can reduce the load of the DPF filter, extend its lifetime, and increase engine reliability. Longer time intervals between successive DPF filter regenerations improve ecological properties of the engine.
4
Content available remote Differential Privacy and Security
Gruska D. P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2016
|
Vol. 143, nr 1/2
73--87
EN
A quantification of process’s security by differential privacy is defined and studied in the framework of probabilistic process algebras. The resulting (quantitative) security properties are investigated and compared with other (qualitative and quantitative) security notions.
5
Content available The influence of natural gas additive on the smoke level generated by diesel engines
Stelmasiak Z., Larisch J., Pietras D.
Combustion Engines
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2015
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R. 54, nr 2
78--88
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations performed on a Fiat 1.3 MultiJet engine fueled with natural gas (CNG) and diesel oil. The primary aim was to determine the influence of a small additive of natural gas on the exhaust gas opacity under variable engine operating conditions. The tests were performed for the engine work points n–Mo (engine speed– torque) reproducing the NEDC cycle. The selection of the work points was carried out according to the criterion of greatest share in the NEDC homologation test, covering the entire engine field of work used in the realization of the test on a chassis dynamometer. In the tests, the authors applied different energy shares of natural gas in the range 15–35.6%. The smoke opacity was analyzed in the FSN and mass scales [mg/m3]. The results of the investigations may be used in the design of electronic controllers for natural gas engines and in the adaptation engines to CNG fueling.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań silnika Fiat 1.3 MultiJet zasilanego dwupaliwowo – gazem ziemnym CNG i olejem napędowym. Podstawowym celem badań było określenie wpływu niewielkiego dodatku gazu ziemnego na zadymienie spalin w zmiennych warunkach pracy silnika. Badania przeprowadzono w punktach pracy silnika n–Mo (prędkość obrotowa – moment obrotowy) odwzorowujących test jezdny NEDC. Doboru punktów pomiarowych dokonano według kryterium największego udziału w teście homologacyjnym NEDC, obejmujących całe pole pracy silnika wykorzystywane przy realizacji testu wykonywanego na hamowni podwoziowej. W badaniach stosowano różne udziały energetyczne gazu w zakresie 15–35,6%. Analizowano zadymienie spalin w skali FSN i masowej [mg/m 3]. Wyniki badań mogą być wykorzystane przy budowie elektronicznych sterowników silników gazowych i adaptacjach silnika do zasilania CNG.
6
Content available Ocena wpływu zmian technologicznych na wybrane parametry pracy silników o zapłonie samoczynnym
Suchecki A., Nowakowski J., Knefel T., Sochacki J.
Combustion Engines
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2015
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R. 54, nr 3
839--848
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, o niewielkiej pojemności skokowej. Silniki, które poddano badaniom charakteryzowały się tą samą pojemnością skokową, lecz zostały wyprodukowane w dwóch wersjach: o mocy 51 i 67 kW, a dla każdej z wersji zastosowano dwie metody obróbki powierzchni cylindrów: konwencjonalne honowanie oraz wykonanie za pomocą lasera mikrokomór olejowych. Każdy z silników został poddany próbie trwałościowej obejmującej 504 godziny pracy. Do analiz wybrano trzy wielkości: zadymienie spalin, przedmuchy spalin do skrzyni korbowej oraz zużycie oleju smarującego. Tę ostatnio analizowano zarówno w oparciu o średnie godzinowe zużycie wynikające z uzupełniania oleju, jak i zużycie godzinowe zmierzone przy różnych obciążeniach.
EN
The article presents the research results of compression-ignition engines, with a small displacement. Engines that were tested, were characterized by the same displacement, but have been produced in two versions: with a power of 51 i 67 kW, and for each version were used two methods for surface treatment of cylinders: conventional honing and made by laser oil microchambers. Each motor has been tested durability consisting of 504 hours of work. For the analyzes were selected three parameters: opacity, blow-by exhaust gases to the crankcase and lubricating oil consumption. Oil consumption was analyzed based on both the average hourly consumption resulting from the refilling of oil, and the hourly consumption measured at different loadings.
7
Content available Ocena stopnia zadymienia spalin silników o ZS dymomierzami filtracyjnymi wg skali Bosch i FSN
Pietras D., Wojtal A.
Combustion Engines
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2015
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R. 54, nr 3
695--702
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań stopnia zadymienia spalin silników o ZS laboratoryjnymi dymomierzami filtracyjnymi jednego producenta, ale różnych generacji. Celem badań była ocena przydatności dymomierza starszej generacji do badań nowoczesnych silników o ZS zasilanych systemami Common Rail. Ponadto chciano uzyskać w drodze doświadczalnej na rzeczywistych obiektach porównanie wartości zadymienia określanych skalami Bosch i FSN. Badania przeprowadzono na dwóch silnikach o ZS: nowoczesnym silniku Fiat 1.3 MultiJet oraz silniku Isuzu 1.7. Silnik 1.3 zasilany był systemem Common Rail zaś silnik 1.7 rozdzielaczową pompą wtryskową. Punkty pracy silników (prędkość obrotowa i moment obrotowy) ustalane były tak, aby następował stały proporcjonalny przyrost stopnia zadymienia. Dodatkowo w trakcie realizacji badań silnika 1.7 wykonywano korektę parametrów sterujących silnika w celu uzyskania dużych wartości zadymienia. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że w przypadku badań stopnia zadymienia spalin nowoczesnych silników o ZS starsze generacyjne dymomierze mogą znacząco zaniżać wskazania zadymienia.
EN
The paper presents the results of the opacity degree of diesel engines using a laboratory filter opacimeters one manufacturer, but different generations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the older generation opacity for testing modern CR diesel engines. Additionally they wanted to obtained by way experimental, on real objects, a comparison of the smoke values defined scales Bosch and FSN. Research was carried out on two engines: the modern Fiat 1.3 MultiJet engine and the Isuzu 1.7 engine. The 1.3 engine was powered by common rail and a 1.7 engine by distributor injection pump. Operating points of the engine (speed and torque) were determined so that a steady proportional increase the degree of opacity. Additionally, during engine tests were performed correction control parameters of 1.7 engine in order to obtain large smoke values. Results of this study show that in the case of research smoke values of modern diesel engines, the older opacimeters generation may significantly understate the value of opacity.
8
Content available remote Simulation Opacity
Gruska D. P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2014
|
Vol. 133, nr 2/3
165--179
EN
Opacity testing is formalized and studied. We specify opacity testers as well as tested systems by (timed) process algebras. We model various testers according to how sophisticated observations of tested system they can make and which kind of conclusions they can obtain. We use this technique to define several realistic security properties. The properties are studied and compared with other security concepts.
9
Content available Wpływ oleju rzepakowego na właściwości optyczne filmów skrobiowych
Basiak E., Galus E., Lenart A.
Postępy Techniki Przetwórstwa Spożywczego
|
2013
|
nr 1
23--26
PL
Celem przeprowadzonej pracy badawczej było wyjaśnienie wpływu dodatku oleju rzepakowego na właściwości optyczne filmów ze skrobi natywnej pszennej. Filmy utworzono z 5% wodnych roztworów powłokotwórczych skrobi natywnej pszennej z dodatkiem 50% glicerolu (jako plastyfikatora) względem masy skrobi oraz dodatkiem oleju rzepakowego w ilości 0, 1, 2, 3%. Zmierzono barwę filmów w systemie CIE L*a*b* z zastosowaniem wyróżników barwy takich jak bezwzględna różnica barwy, nasycenie barwy i indeks nasycenia. Policzono również nieprzezroczystość przy długości fali 600 nm. Zaobserwowano zmianę barwy oraz zwiększanie nieprzezroczystości filmów modyfikowanych dodatkiem oleju rzepakowego
EN
The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of rapeseed oil addition on optical properties of wheat starch films. Films were prepared from 5% of starch film-forming water solutions and 50%glycerol as plasticizer (w/w of starch) and rapeseed oil was added to the solutions at concentration of 0, 1, 2, 3%. Colour in the CIE L*a*b* system was measured and colour discriminants were calculated: total colour difference, colour saturation and saturation index. Moreover the opacity at wavelength of 600 nm was calculated. Changing in colour parameters and discriminants was observed and decreased opacity of starch films with rapeseed oil addition.
10
Content available remote Quantification of Positive and Negative Attacker's Information
Gruska D.P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2012
|
Vol. 120, nr 3/4
311-324
EN
Different techniques for expressing an amount of information on secrete data which can be obtained by a process observation are presented. They are based on information theory and they express certainty about sets of private actions which execution is guaranteed by a given observation and sets of actions which execution is excluded by a given observation. Moreover, the case when an intruder has same preliminary belief on secrete data is discussed. It is shown how the presented technique could be applied for such case. As regards working formalism, probabilistic process algebra is used for description of systems as well as attacker's belief.
11
Content available remote Informational Analysis of Security and Integrity
Gruska D.P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2012
|
Vol. 120, nr 3/4
295-309
EN
Formalisms for analysis of systems of various nature specified by process algebras are proposed. They allow us to formalize security properties based on an absence of information flow and properties on system’s integrity. Resulting properties are compared and discussed. We present also quantification of these properties by means of information theory.
12
Content available remote Process Algebra Contexts and Security Properties
Gruska D.P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2010
|
Vol. 102, nr 1
63-76
EN
A general framework for defining security properties is presented. It allows us to model many traditional security properties as well as to define new ones. The framework is based on process algebras contexts and processes relations. By appropriate choice of both of them we can model also probabilistic and quantified security properties.
13
Content available remote Quantifying Security for Timed Process Algebras
Gruska D.P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2009
|
Vol. 93, nr 1-3
155-169
EN
A quantification of process's security by quantification of an amount of information flow is defined and studied in the framework of timed process algebras. The resulting quantified security is compared with other (qualitative) security notions. Unprecise and limited observations are defined and discussed.
14
Content available remote Security in a Model for Long-running Transactions
Gruska D.P., Maggiolo-Schettini A., Milazzo P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2008
|
Vol. 85, nr 1-4
189-203
EN
Communicating Hierarchical Transaction-based Timed Automata have been introduced to model systems performing long-running transactions. Here, for these automata a security concept is introduced, which is based on a notion of opacity and on the assumption that an attacker can not only observe public system activities, but also cause abortion of some of them. Different intruder capabilities as well as different kinds of opacity are defined and the resulting security properties are investigated. Security of long-running transactions is defined by the mentioned notion of opacity and conditions for compositionality are established.
15
Content available remote Probabilistic Information Flow Security
Gruska D.P.
Fundamenta Informaticae
|
2008
|
Vol. 85, nr 1-4
173-187
EN
A formal model for description of probabilistic timing attacks is presented and studied. It is based on a probabilistic timed process algebra, on observations (mappings which make visible only a part of system behavior) and on an information flow. The resulting security properties are studied and compared with other security concepts.
16
Content available remote Analysis of particle emission and smoke measurements in stationary cycles
Pielecha J.
Silniki Spalinowe
|
2007
|
R. 46, nr SC3
144-150
EN
This paper presents the results of particle emission measurements in the European Stationary Cycle (ESC) test made on the engine test bed, obtained with the use of various measuring instruments (AVL Smart Sampler - gravimetric measurement, using partial flow dilution tunnel, Horiba Mexa 1220 PM - measurement by means of double flame-ionization detector) in comparison to exhaust smoke measurements (AVL 415 - filtration smoke opacimeter, Opacimeter 439 - optical opacimeter). The results were characterized and the correlations between the results obtained presented.
17
Badania wybranych właściwości papierów do offsetowego druku zwojowego
Kryczka M., Khadzhynova S., Rybczyński R.
Przegląd Papierniczy
|
2004
|
R. 60, nr 12
706-708
PL
Dokonano porównania wybranych właściwości (obciążenie zrywające, samozerwalność, rozciągliwość, gładkość wg Bekka, odporność na zrywanie powierzchni, chłonność kropli oleju, nieprzezroczystość oraz białość CIE) papierów offsetowych (gazetowego, SC, LWC i MWC) do drukowania zwojowego. Stwierdzono, że w obrębie jednego rodzaju papieru mogą występować duże wahania w wartościach poszczególnych badanych wskaźników. Dlatego, przy wyborze papieru do druku, nie należy kierować się wyłącznie jego rodzajem (np. papier gazetowy lub LWC) i gramaturą, jak to ma miejsce w wielu drukarniach. Konieczna jest również znajomość innych parametrów, która pozwoli wybrać optymalne do wydrukowania konkretnego produktu podłoże.
EN
The authors compared selected properties (breaking strength, breaking length, stretchability, Bekk method, dry pick, oil absorption, opacity, CIE whiteness) of offset papers (newsprint, SC, LWC, and MWC) for web printing. The research proved that significant differences may be observed within one paper grade as regards results of tested indices. Therefore, when selecting paper for printing purposes, printing houses should concentrate not only on a paper grade (e.g. newsprint or LWC) and a basic weight. It is important to know also other parameters which help to choose an optimal paper base for printing a specific product.
18
Zastosowanie teorii rozpraszania i pochłaniania światła Kubelki-Munka dla oceny procesu mielenia mas celulozowych siarczanowych
Ciepliński M.
Przegląd Papierniczy
|
2001
|
R. 57, nr 10
655--657
PL
Badano zależność między stopniem zmielenia i właściwościami wytrzymałościowymi a współczynnikiem rozpraszania światła mas celulozowych siarczanowych na przykładzie masy z drewna sosnowego i brzozowego. Stwierdzono, że zależność ta jest odwrotnie proporcjonalna. Znajomość współczynników rozpraszania i pochłaniania światła pozwala jednocześnie na przewidzenie nieprzezroczystości uformowanego z masy arkusika o założonej gramaturze. Wartość współczynnika rozpraszania światła może więc stanowić dobre kryterium oceny procesu mielenia.
EN
The relationship between the beating degree including the strength properties and light scattering coefficient of the sulfate chemical pulps as exemplified with the pine and birch kraft pulps were studied. It was found that this dependence is inversely proportional. The knowledge of the coefficients of scattering and absorption of light permits for simultaneous foreseeing the opacity of the pulp handsheets of an accepted basis weight. Thus the value of the light scattering coefficient may constitute as a good criterion for an evaluation of the beating process.
19
Badania nad przerobem makulatury mocnej na bieloną masę celulozową : porównawcza ocena właściwości otrzymanych mas
Wandelt P
Przegląd Papierniczy
|
2001
|
R. 57, nr 9
583--585
PL
Zbadano właściwości papierotwórcze bielonych mas celulozowych typu RBC (Recycled Bleached Corrugated), otrzymanych z makulatury mocnej (OCC) przez jej delignifikację i bielenie metodami ECF lub TCF, i porównano z właściwościami zarówno wyjściowej masy makulaturowej, jak i różnych towarowych mas pierwotnych. Stwierdzono, że właściwości wytrzymałościowe mas RBC były znacznie lepsze niż wyjściowej masy makulaturowej, z której zostały otrzymane, oraz towarowej masy eukaliptusowej i niewiele gorsze od towarowej masy sosnowej. Pod względem nieprzezroczystości były one nawet lepsze. W dodatku masy RBC łatwiej się mieliły od mas pierwotnych.
EN
Papermaking properties of bleached pulps obtained from OCC waste paper (RBC - Recycled Bleached Corrugated), by its oxygen delignification and ECF or TCF bleaching. were studied and compared with properties o( initial recycled pulp and various market virgin pulps. Strength properties of RBC pulps were found to be much better than those of initial OCC pulp used for their preparation and than an eucalyptus market pulp and at least not worse than the properties of a pine pulp. In respect of an opacity they were even better. On the top of that the RBC pulps were easier to refine than the virgin pulps.
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