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1

Phytoplankton Community Stability as a Health Indicator of Whiteleg Shrimp in an Intensive Pond

Musa Muhammad, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 1

332--340

EN

The goal of this study was to examine and assess the stability of phytoplankton communities in connection to the different health status type of shrimp pond (healthy and diseased) in an intensive culture. The research was conducted in two ponds located in Probolinggo region, which had different health status until the eight week of harvest period. Several water quality variables and phytoplankton community composition were observed. Non-metric dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity were used to compare the phytoplankton community structure and water quality parameters in both ponds. In addition, the stability of phytoplankton community in these ponds was measured using species turnover rate, rate change of composition community, and community stability indices. The results showed that phytoplankton community structure and water quality factors between a diseased and healthy pond were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the phytoplankton community in the healthy pond was more stable than that of the diseased pond. Furthermore, ammonia and phosphate were found as the dominant factors affecting the phytoplankton community in the studied ponds.

2

Utilization of Chlorella vulgaris after the Extraction Process in Wastewater Treatment as a Biosorption Material for Ciprofloxacin Removal

Al-Mashhadani Enass S. M., Al-Mashhadani Mahmood K. H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

1--15

EN

Potentially negative environmental and human health effects have led to pharmaceutical chemicals,which are labeled as a new class of environmental contaminants. Adsorption is one of the most appealing choices to remove that pharmaceutical waste in recent years. However, the environmental limitations of the adsorbent material are an obstacle to the development of this process. The current study suggested the remaining Chlorella vulgaris biomass, after the extraction process of the biomaterials, to be a bio-absorption material in removing the Ciprofloxacin from the hospital wastewater. The preparation and characterization of the suggested adsorbent through FTIR analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, were present in the current study. Several functional groups (such as carboxylic, amines, hydroxyls, and amides) were observed to aid the adsorption process. After the extraction process, the results showed a growth in the peaks, indicating an increase in functional groups, particularly the -O.H. and -N.H. groups, while having changed toward lower energy after binding with CIP atoms, as well as an increase in surface area from 2.3723 to 3.6224 m2/g. The XRD was shown to be compatible with the EDX test, which both demonstrated a decrease in carbon element concentration due to the deconstruction process. The effects of Ciprofloxacin bio-sorption variables, including contact time, initial Ciprofloxacin concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage, were adopted as a parametric study. The maximum adsorption capacity was recorded at pH 7 with an adsorbent dose of 2.75 g/L; after 120 minutes, the data show that 89.9% of Ciprofloxacin has been adsorption onto the extracted biomass.

3

The Novel Use of Microalgae in the Greening of the Metallurgical Industry

Berkinbayeva Ainur, Koizhanova Aigul, Yefremova Yuliya, Atanova Olga, Yerdenova Maria, Magomedov David

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

299--306

EN

The application of biotechnological methods in the metallurgical industry has the potential to provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective direction of development. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, a thionic bacterium, and the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii TN-72 CH were used as complex reagents for extracting gold from sulfide mineral raw materials. The sorption properties of modal and productive multicomponent gold-bearing solutions were studied. The sorption characteristics of the biosorbents were compared with those of sorbents currently used in gold production – the synthetic resin AM2B and GoldCarb activated carbon. The conducted research studying the sorption properties and survival ability of the microalga C. reinhardtii TN-72 CH will make it possible to develop an industrial technology for extracting metal in the hydrometallurgical cycle of gold production. The use of microorganisms in gold hydrometallurgy as an alternative to cyanide methods will reduce the load on the environment while reducing the cost of the technology. In the process of leaching gold-bearing raw materials by microorganisms, even submicroparticles of gold are released, which makes the processing of poor and refractory ores promising. Preliminary biooxidation increases the effectiveness of thiosulfates in terms of both time and gold recovery.

4

The Effect of Different Additions of Carbon Dioxide on Growth, Lipids, Carotenoids and Chlorophyll-a of Chaetoceros calcitrans

Amaliandini Esza Rezky, Nashrullah Syarif, Larasati Anastasya Dewi, Taufan Fajar, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Dewi Nina Nurmalia, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Nadirah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

289--298

EN

Global warming gives phytoplankton a significant role in reducing carbon. C. calcitras is a phytoplankton which utilizes carbon dioxide for growth and the formation of secondary metabolites in order to survive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in duration on growth, lipid content, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a in C. calcitrans and to determine the optimal duration. An experimental method with statistical analysis using ANOVA was used in this study. The treatments implemented were the addition of carbon dioxide for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 minutes with a volume of carbon dioxide addition of 3 bps. The results showed that the addition of carbon dioxide had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the value of lipids, growth, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a. The highest density value was obtained in Treatment for 2 minutes to increase growth with the highest total value of 2,927,500 cells/ml. The best treatment to increase lipids was Treatment for 12 minutes with lipid content of 63.33% and lipid productivity of 1.82 mg/l/day. The best treatment to increase carotenoid content was Treatment for 4 minutes with carotenoid content of 2.20 g/mL and chlorophyll-a content of 1.4431 g/mL. Optimal treatment differences to obtain the highest value of each parameter differ from each other, depending on the synthesis and physiological processes of C. calcitrans.

5

Spirulina – dlaczego określana jest mianem super food?

Kępińska-Pacelik Jagoda, Biel Wioletta

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2022

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T. 76, nr 5

10--16

PL

Arthrospira (spirulina) wykorzystywana jest jako dodatek do diety ze względu na wysoką wartość odżywczą i bezpieczeństwo stosowania. Jest rodzajem należących do rzędu Oscillatoriales swobodnie pływających sinic. W przemyśle spożywczym wykorzystuje się głównie dwa gatunki: Arthrospira platensis i Arthrospira maxima. Spirulina, znana głównie ze względu na wysoką zawartość białka (około 80% w przeliczeniu na suchą masę), jest bogatym źródłem wielu związków biologicznie czynnych, w tym chlorofili i karotenoidów stosowanych m.in. jako barwniki w przemyśle spożywczym. Pigmenty te mają potencjalne korzyści zdrowotne dla organizmu wiążące się ze wzmocnieniem układu odpornościowego i zmniejszeniem ryzyka rozwoju przewlekłych chorób zwyrodnieniowych, chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i niektórych rodzajów nowotworów. Ponadto spirulina jest bogata w aminokwasy egzogenne, witaminy A, E i z grupy B, czy kwasy tłuszczowe, które wpływają na: obniżenie ciśnienia, zapobiegają miażdżycy i udarowi mózgu, przyspieszają redukcję tkanki tłuszczowej i obniżają poziom cholesterolu. Wykorzystanie spiruliny w przemyśle spożywczym nie ogranicza się tylko do barwienia żywności. Obecnie na rynku dostępne są między innymi ciastka, lody, jogurty oraz pieczywo z dodatkiem spiruliny. Jej dodatek może znacznie opóźnić proces utleniania lipidów i zmniejszyć populację niepożądanych drobnoustrojów, co skutkuje wydłużonym okresem przydatności do spożycia.

EN

Arthrospira (spirulina) is used as an addition to the diet due to its high nutritional value and safety of use. It is a genus of free-floating cyanobacteria belonging to the order of Oscillatoriales. Two species are used in the food industry: Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima. Spirulina is mainly known for its high protein content, which is around 80% of dry matter. Spirulina is a rich source of many compounds, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, which are used in the food industry as dyes. Spirulina-derived pigments have the added benefit of potential health benefits for the body, and their consumption has been shown to boost the immune system and reduce the risk of developing chronic degenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. Moreover, spirulina is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins A, B, E and fatty acids. The presence of these compounds makes spirulina lower blood pressure, prevents atherosclerosis and stroke, accelerates the reduction of body fat and lowers cholesterol. The use of spirulina in the food industry is not limited to food coloring. Currently, the market includes, among others, cookies, ice cream, yoghurts and bread with the addition of spirulina. Its addition can significantly delay the lipid oxidation process and reduce the number of undesirable microorganisms, which results in an extended shelf life.

6

Mikroenkapsulacja mikroalg (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) metodą emulsyfikacji membranowej

Dawiec-Liśniewska Anna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 9

694--698

PL

W module membranowym umieszczano fazę ciągłą, którą stanowił olej parafinowy z dodatkiem 1% obj. surfaktantu. Następnie dostarczano fazę zdyspergowaną, którą stanowił 2-proc. roztwór wodny alginianu sodu z mikroalgami o stężeniu 10, 15, 20% obj. Fazę zdyspergowaną podawano z szybkością 2–5 mL/min przy stałej prędkości mieszania równej 250–400 rpm. Otrzymaną emulsję przelewano do zlewki, mieszano z prędkością 300–700 rpm i dodawano czynnik sieciujący i stabilizator emulsji. Aktywność fotosyntetyczną unieruchomionych mikroalg określano poprzez pomiar stężenia tlenu w czasie.

EN

Paraffin oil with the addn. of 1% vol. surfactant was placed in a membrane module (continuous phase) and then a 2% aq. soln. of Na alginate with microalgae at a concn. of 10, 15, or 20% by vol. was added (dispersed phase) at a rate of 2–5 mL/min at a constant stirring speed of 250–400 rpm. The resulting emulsion was poured into a beaker, mixed at 300–700 rpm, and the crosslinker and emulsion stabilizer were added. The photosynthetic activity of the immobilized microalgae was detd. by measuring the O2 concn. over time.

7

Assessment of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using microalgae cultures

Nezbrytska Inna, Shamanskyi Sergii, Pavliukh Lesia, Kharchenko Galina

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 1

45--52

EN

The efficiency of ammonium nitrogen (N-NH4+) and phosphate (P-PO43-) removal from wastewater with different loads of these nutrients was evaluated using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Сhlоrорhуtа) and Oscillatoria neglecta (Суаnорhуtа/Cyanoprokaryota). In addition, functional characteristics of the microalgae under the studied conditions were determined. It was demonstrated that Ch. reinhardtii is resistant to a wide range of concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Microalgae actively participate in the removal of N-NH4+ from wastewater (removal efficiency of 49–63%, depending on the initial concentration). At the same time, Ch. reinhardtii showed low levels of P-PO43- removal (7-18%) from the aquatic environment. O. neglecta, unlike Ch. reinhardtii, is sensitive to excessively high concentrations of N-NH4+ (90-140 mg l−1) and P-PO43- (26-90 mg l−1). However, it is characterized by high removal efficiency for both forms of nitrogen (60–61%) and phosphorus (43–55%) at their initial concentrations of 30–50 mg l-1 and 7–14 mg l-1, respectively. Therefore, O. neglecta is best suited for use in wastewater post-treatment

8

Prospects for using wastewater from a farm for algae cultivation: The case of Eastern Colombia

Urbina-Suarez Nestor Andres, Barajas-Solano Andres Fernando, Garcia-Martinez Janet Bibiana, Lopez-Barrera German Luciano, González-Delgado Angel Dario

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

172--179

EN

In recent years, the technical and economic feasibility of using microalgae and cyanobacteria has been explored for the removal and exploitation of domestic, agricultural and industrial residual effluents with high C, N and P compounds content. To contribute to the understanding of the process and its technical viability for microalgae growth, the article discusses monitoring, flow determination, and physicochemical characteristics of two types of effluents generated in an experimental farm located in the east of Colombia, before (R1) and after biological treatment (R2). In general, the results showed the reduction of different parameters, such as total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, salinity and phosphates after treatment with activated sludge. However, the conductivity value obtained in R1 and R2 showed the presence of a pollutant load. These findings can be attributed to the highest concentration of fats and oils in the water during early hours of the day. Finally, although the concentration of nitrates increased from 46.63 to 225.21 mg∙dm-3 and phosphate decreased slightly from 9.65 to 6.21 mg∙dm-3,no inhibition was generated in the microalgae, as evidenced in the growth of the microalgal biomass in effluents after nitrate and phosphate removal above 80%.

9

The use of microalgal sourced biodiesel to help underground mines transition to battery electric vehicles

Laamanen Corey A., Moreau Kyle, Desjardins Sabrina M., McLean Shannon H., Scott John A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2022

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Vol. 21, iss. 1

2--14

EN

The use of fossil fuel sourced diesel underground has various associated health and environmental hazards, and additional energy demand and costs associated with necessary ventilation. One way to reduce these impacts is by utilizing a biodiesel-blend, which generates lower levels of harmful emissions from underground equipment and can be produced regionally, reducing the impact of transportation. Furthermore, this would help allow use of existing machinery during transition towards more widespread electrification underground. Therefore, the concept of an integrated supply and use chain within the mining industry is examined based on biodiesel from acidophilic photosynthetic microalgae cultivated using CO 2 in smelter off-gas. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to compare the environmental impacts of production, transportation, and end-use of fossil fuel sourced diesel to biodiesel-blended fuel across four underground metal ore mine sites (Canada, Poland, Zambia, and Australia). The outcomes from assessing four key environmental impact potentials (global warming, eutrophication, acidification and human toxicity) demonstrate the advantages of using biodiesel-blends. The integration of biodiesel resulted in changes of -22.5 to +22.8% (global warming), -6.1 to +27.3% (eutrophication), -18.9 to +26.3% (acidification), and -21.0 to -3.6% (human toxicity). The results showed reduction across all potentials for two mines and reduction in human toxicity potential for all sites.

10

Utilizing the Eutrophication in Bioresources Recovery and Biogas Production – A Case Study in Egypt

Khalil Mohamed M., Ficara Elena, Colaninno Nicola, EL-Baz Amro

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

299--313

EN

In this work, the nutrients and eutrophication problem are integrated into a nature-based solution by incorporating microalgae-based nutrient removal from wastewater and collecting the residue in an anaerobic digestion plant to produce biogas that is directly exported to an existing gas-fired power plant and closes the bioresource loop. El Burullus lake in Egypt was selected as a case study because it is rich in nutrients and suitable for the integrated system. The theoretical results were promising as for one-hectare, nutrient pollution could be reduced with a total nitrogen removal rate of 4 kg•d-1, a total phosphorus removal rate of 1.1 kg•d-1, and a total COD removal rate of 9.3 kg•d-1. The digester volume corresponding to the biomass produced was 120 m3 per hectare of algae pond and the methane yield () from anaerobic digestion was 73 m3•d-1.

11

The Biomethanization Gas Purification of Using Chlorophyll-Synthesizing Microalgae

Dyachok Vasil, Venher Liubov, Huhlych Sergij

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

259--264

EN

The paper shows the possibility of using chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae of Chlorella vulgaris to purify biogas from carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Experimental dependences of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by microalgae under the action of H2S inhibitor and NH3 activator were presented. A mathematical description of the growth of biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, depending on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, was obtained. The optimal values of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentration for the efficient process of carbon dioxide uptake by chlorophyll-synthesizing microalgae Chlorella vulgaris from biomethanization gas were established.

12

Optimization of oil extraction process from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production

Abdissa Desalegn

Production Engineering Archives

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2021

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Vol. 27, Iss. 3

203--211

EN

Sewage sludge is one of the most polluting wastes that affect the environment, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants released into the surroundings. Using non-renewable energy for the engine also releases large amounts of pollutants results from combustion products was other issues to the environment. The decline of non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, fossil fuel, and petroleum made the world increase the production of alternative fuels like waste-derived fuels. Recently, biodiesel production developed from edible oil to cover the depilation of non-renewable energy supply. But it has also become a significant challenge for food security. Therefore, finding other potential opportunities for lipid extraction is crucial. Algae and sludge conversion presented by recent studies seem to be a promising method. The paper presents the extraction and optimization of lipids from blended sludge and algae for biodiesel production. The procedure of the study was a characterization of algal and sludge wastes, the extraction of the lipid component by Soxhlet extraction, and the parameters optimization for maximum oil yield obtain. Temperature, extraction time, and solvents were the basic factor affect oil extraction yield. In the optimization 80 temperature, 6hrs time and hexane solvent results in 61% oil extraction yield which maximum point. Algae and wastewater sludge high potential of lipid and can be substitute edible oil supplies for biodiesel production.

13

Cultivation of Chlorella sp. for biodiesel production using two farming wastewaters in eastern Colombia

Urbina-Suarez Nestor Andres, Barajas-Solano Andres Fernando, Garcia-Martinez Janet Bibiana, Lopez-Barrera German Luciano, Gonzalez-Delgado Angel Darío

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

|

no. 50

141--149

EN

The production of biofuels using wastewater as a microalgae culture medium is a little explored technology, but with potential for success. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these technologies and their technical feasibility for microalgae growth, in this work the Chlorella sp. strain was cultivated in two types of effluents generated in an experimental farm located in eastern Colombia, before and after a biological treatment process. The consumption of the main nutrients that regulate growth and lipid production was evaluated, in order to extract, quantify, characterize and convert them into biodiesel. The results showed that Chlorella sp. growth and lipid production is more favourable in R2 medium of treated water than in R1 medium of raw water, mainly due to phosphorus limitation and higher N-NO3 concentration in R2 compared to R1. In the R2 medium culture, a percentage of 42.54% of long-chain fatty acids was found, which is necessary to obtain a high quality biodiesel. Finally, the best transesterification experiment allowed reaching a fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) percentage of 90.1 ± 2.7%. In general, the results demonstrated the potential viability of using the wastewater generated in the San Pablo farm to produce biomass with lipid content to obtain biodiesel, finding that where the concentration of nutrients, mainly nitrogen, has a great influence on the microalgal metabolism for lipid accumulation.

14

Nutrient Absorption and Biomass Production by the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri: Effects of Temperature, Salinity, Photoperiod, and Light Intensity

Minggat Elizerberth, Roseli Wardina, Tanaka Yasuaki

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 1

231--240

EN

The marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri is commonly used for aquacultural feed and is well known for its fast growth and easy maintenance. In order to evaluate the potential of C. muelleri to be used for the nutrient removal and biomass production from eutrophic saline wastewaters, the algae were cultured under a wide range of temperature, salinity, photoperiod, and light intensity. The optimum temperature for the biomass production was observed at 30°C, but the algae could maintain at least 66% of the highest production between 20°C and 35°C. The optimum salinity for the biomass production was 25, but the algae could maintain at least 22% of the highest production between 10 and 30. Both light intensity and photoperiod affected the algal biomass production, and the minimum light requirement was considered 100 μmol m−2•s−1 for 6 hours to maintain the biomass production and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorption. Throughout all the experiments, the N and P absorption increased with the biomass production, but the ratio of N and P to the biomass exponentially decreased with the biomass production. These results showed that C. muelleri is tolerant to the wide range of environmental conditions, absorbing nutrients and producing organic matter. C. muelleri has a great potential to be introduced in the water treatment processes, especially where the temperature and salinity fluctuate.

15

Does Tofu Wastewater Conversions Nutrient Increase the Content of the Chlorella pyrenoidosa?

Musa Muhammad, Arsad Sulastri, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Kasitowati Rarasrum Dyah, Yulinda Elvana Nur, Nadhira Tara, Cahyani Devi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 2

70--76

EN

This study aims to analyze the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa after being treated with the tofu wastewater. The method used in this study was an experimental method with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment was performed by administering different concentrations of the tofu wastewater to the C. pyrenoidosa. The concentrations used were 10%, 15% and 20%. Determination of these concentrations was based on the preliminary test. The main parameters observed were the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of C. pyrenoidosa and the supporting parameters were the growth rate, doubling time and characteristics of the tofu wastewater. The study was conducted for 8 days using the batch culture method. In the exponential phase, the microalgae were harvested and then their contents were analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed using MS Office Excel 2016. The highest content of lipid, carbohydrate and protein of C. pyrenoidosa was in the treatment of 20% tofu wastewater, reaching 1.56%; 28.92%; and 28.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest growth rate and the smallest doubling time in the treatment of 20% tofu wastewater accounted for 0.8264 day-1 and 0.0349 hours-1. Moreover, the rates of BOD and TSS of the tofu wastewater at the end of the study decreased. It can be concluded that administering different concentrations of the tofu wastewater can affect the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of C. pyrenoidosa. It was suggested that further research is needed to conduct semi-continuous cultivation of C. pyrenoidosa using a higher density so that the results obtained can be optimized.

16

Microalgae potential in the capture of CO2 emission

Frongia Francesca, Arru Laura, Cramarossa Maria Rita, Forti Luca

Acta Innovations

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2021

|

no. 41

19--27

EN

In a perspective projected to reduce the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in which carbon dioxide is the master, the use of microalgae is an effective and decisive response. The review describes the bio circularity of the process of abatement of carbon dioxide through biofixation in algal biomass, highlighting the potential of its reuse in the production of high value-added products.

17

Influence of the Light Source on the Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Growth in the Culture Medium Supplemented with Anaerobic Digestate

Dębowski Marcin, Kisielewska Marta, Kazimierowicz Joanna, Zieliński Marcin

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2020

|

Tom 22, cz. 2

605--621

EN

Many studies have proven that the type of light source and the lighting regime have significantly influenced the efficiency of microalgae biomass production and the taxonomic composition of the cultivated biomass, as well as its chemical composition. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the light source on the productivity of Chlorella vulgaris biomass cultivating on anaerobic digestate. The criterion for dividing experiment into variants was the light source used. It was found that the light source significantly influenced the Chlorella vulgaris growth. The highest biomass production was observed in variants with the fluorescent tube-warm light (color temperature 3000K) and the LED-warm light with 2 local maximum at 450 nm and 580 nm (color temperature 6500K). In variants with the pressure sodium lamp with the essential spectrum 570-620 nm (color temperature 2700K), the production of microalgae biomass was the lowest. The removal efficiency of organic compounds expressed as COD and BOD5 as well as ammonium and total nitrogen were dependent on the final concentration of biomass in the culture medium. In variants with the highest biomass production, the lowest concentrations of these indicators in the culture medium were observed. Phosphorus compounds were removed effectively from the culture medium regardless of the light source and the concentration of microalgae biomass.

PL

W wielu badaniach udowodniono, iż zastosowany rodzaj źródła światła i sposób oświetlenia ma wpływ na wydajność produkcji mikroglonów oraz na kształtowanie się składu taksonomicznego populacji, skład chemiczny i właściwości uzyskiwanej biomasy. Celem badań było określenie wpływu rodzaju stosowanego światła na efektywność przyrostu biomasy mikroglonów z gatunku Chlorella vulgaris w medium hodowlanym opartym na wykorzystaniu odcieków pofermentacyjnych. Kryterium podziału prac badawczych na warianty stanowiło zastosowane źródło światła. Przeprowadzone prace badawcze udowodniły istotny wpływ stosowanego źródła światła na proces przyrostu biomasy Chlorella vulgaris. Najwyższą efektywność przyrostu biomasy Chlorella vulgaris obserwowano w wariantach, w których źródło światła stanowiły świetlówki z ciepłym światłem (3000K) oraz diody LED (ciepłe światło o długości fali 450 nm i 580 nm, 6500K). Najniższe efekty technologiczne związane z przyrostem biomasy mikroglonów obserwowano w wariancie, w którym fotobioreaktory oświetlane były wysokoprężną lampą sodową o długości fali 570-620 nm (2700K). Efektywność usuwania związków organicznych wyrażona wskaźnikami ChZT i BZT5 oraz azotu amonowego i całkowitego były zależne od końcowego stężenia biomasy mikroglonów w medium hodowlanym. W wariantach, gdzie populacja Chlorella vulgaris przyrastała najwydajniej obserwowano najniższe stężenia tych wskaźników w medium hodowlanym na zakończenie cyklu produkcyjnego. Związki fosforu usuwane były skutecznie niezależnie od stosowanego źródła światła oraz koncentracji biomasy mikroglonów w układzie technologicznym.

18

Kierunki zastosowania kwasów tłuszczowych omega-3 w produkcji żywności

Marciniak-Łukasiak Katarzyna, Szymańska Iwona, Kupiec Milena, Brzeski Maciej, Żbikowska Anna

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 9

19--23

PL

W diecie przeciętnego konsumenta obserwuje się przewagę wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych (PUFA) omega-6 (np. linolowego, LA), co prowadzi do niedoborów kwasów omega-3 (np. α-linolenowego, ALA; dokozaheksaenowego, DHA; eikozapentaenowego, EPA). Powszechnie stosowane oleje roślinne, tj. słonecznikowy, rzepakowy czy sojowy, zawierają dużo PUFA omega-6. Ze względu na szereg korzyści zdrowotnych zaleca się wzbogacanie diety w źródła PUFA omega-3. Kwas ALA można dostarczyć w postaci np. oleju lnianego, nasion chia, orzechów czy zielonych warzyw. Znaczące ilości DHA i EPA występują w rybach morskich. Alternatywne źrodła PUFA omega-3 to mikroalgi, rośliny transgeniczne bądź owady jadalne, których konsumpcja nie jest zbyt duża, dlatego praktykuje się wzbogacanie w PUFA omega-3 żywności tradycyjnej, np. produktów mlecznych, wypieków, tłuszczów do pieczenia i smarowania pieczywa, sosów czy napojów. Poza ich bezpośrednim dodatkiem do produktów stosuje się tzw. biofortyfikację, czyli wprowadzanie NNKT omega-3 do pasz trzody chlewnej (mięso), krów mlecznych (mleko) czy kur niosek (jaja). Produkty z dużą zawartością PUFA omega-3, po spełnieniu określonych wymagań, mogą być zaliczane do żywności funkcjonalnej.

EN

In the diet of the average consumer, the predominance of omega-6 (e.g. linoleic, LA) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is observed, which leads to deficiencies of omega-3 (e.g., α-linolenic, ALA; docosahexaenoic, DHA; eicosapentaenoic, EPA). Commonly used vegetable oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oils, contain a lot of PUFA omega-6. Due to a number of health benefits, it is recommended to enrich the diet with PUFA omega-3 sources. ALA acid can be supplied by consumption e.g. linseed oil, chia seeds, nuts or green vegetables. Significant amounts PUFA omega-3 are microalgae, transgenic plants or edible insects, the consumption of which is not very high, therefore nowadays traditional foods are enriched with PUFA omega-3, e.g. dairy products, baked goods, baking fats and spreads, sauces, and beverages. Currently also so-called biofortification is being used. It is the addition of omega-3 EFAs to feed of pigs (meat), dairy cows (milk) or laying hens (eggs). Products with a high content of PUFA omega-3, after meeting certain requirements, can be classified as functional food.

19

The use of 18S ribosomal DNA, ITS and rbcL molecular markers to study the genus Dunaliella (Dunaliellaceae) in Iranian samples : A phylogenetic approach

Dehghani Jaber, Atazadeh Ehsan, Omidi Yadollah, Movafeghi Ali

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

88--98

EN

The microalga Dunaliella has been the focus of attention over recent decades owing to its high biotechnological potential for the production of β-carotene, biofuels and even as a good expression system for the production of recombinant proteins. Different species of this genus have unique features, biological characteristics and biotechnological potential. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear and reliable taxonomic method to identify different species of Dunaliella. Although several taxonomic systems are available for Dunaliella based on morphological, physiological and molecular features, none of these methods are reliable enough and some controversies exist over different classification systems. In the current study, molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools have been used to re-assess the phylogenetic position of Dunaliella species based on 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), ITS and rbcL regions. The overall findings based on these markers provide a new and more reliable tool for phylogenetic analysis of Dunaliella species/strains.

20

Effects of oxytetracycline on growth and chlorophyll a fluorescence in green algae (Chlorella vulgaris), diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena)

Siedlewicz Grzegorz, Żak Adam, Sharma Lilianna, Kosakowska Alicja, Pazdro Ksenia

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (2)

214--225

EN

The study aimed at measuring the influence of a wide range of oxytetracycline concentrations, with particular attention to the low levels of the antibiotic on cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena, diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the model green algae Chlorella vulgaris by conducting prolonged toxicity tests (lasting 10 days). Standard measurements (cell number, optical density, chlorophyll a concentration) were combined with photosynthetic parameters measurements. The obtained results show that concentrations of oxytetracycline present in the environment can affect tested microorganisms. It was found to decrease photosystem II efficiency and disrupt the photosynthesis process. A careful interpretation of photosynthetic parameters allowed a better understanding of the mode of action of oxytetracycline in relation to non-target photoautotrophic organisms like cyanobacteria and microalgae. In conclusion, it would appear that the use of standard chronic toxicity tests (72 h) does not allow to accurately and reliably assess the chronic impact of bioactive compounds including drugs and their metabolites on water organisms. On this basis, we recommend the application of extended duration tests.