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EN
Invention is one of the most eminent manifestations of the creative process. The article analyzes this issue in an integrated approach: system-process-dialectical. This approach is logically justified by the nature of the process. The inventive process is not and cannot be unequivocally predictable because there is a special interaction of causal and consciousness processes in it. Invention, by its very nature, is also a dialectical process in which there is a constant confrontation of various opposing thoughts. For the inventive process itself, especially in the area of food production, two determinants related to a potential invention in the most direct way are important: the specificity of agricultural raw material and a set of creative rules. The article proposes an algorithmic method of inventive procedure that captures these determinants.
PL
Wynalazczość należy do jednego z najznakomitszych prze-jawów procesu twórczego. W artykule przeanalizowano to zagadnienie w zintegrowanym ujęciu: systemowo-procesowo-dialektycznym. Takie ujęcie jest logicznie uzasadnione charakterem procesu. Proces wynalazczy nie jest i nie może być jednoznacznie przewidywalny, ponieważ dochodzi w nim do szczególnego współdziałania procesów przyczynowych i świadomościowych. Wynalazczość ze swej natury jest także proce-sem dialektycznym, w którym dochodzi do nieustannej konfrontacji różnych przeciwstawnych myśli. Dla samego procesu wynalazczego, szczególnie w obszarze produkcji spożywczej, ważne są dwie determinanty związane z potencjalnym wynalazkiem w sposób najbardziej bezpośredni: specyfika surowca rolniczego i zespół zasad twórczych reguł, W artykule zaproponowano algorytmiczny sposób postępowania wynalazczego ujmujący te determinanty.
EN
The article presents the problems of building and maintaining urban transport infrastructure in Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century. The text concerns Kajetan Mościcki (1855-1933), engineer, who was appointed by the acting Mayor of Warsaw, General Sokrates Starynkiewicz, to the position of senior city engineer and head of the municipal construction department, where he worked from 1889 to 1909. During this period, he paved the streets which were worn or damaged by sewerage works with wooden blocks and covered the sidewalks with concrete slabs. He designed the first slip road in the Kingdom of Poland in the form of a spiral, and he also participated in the construction of the oldest road engineering structures made of reinforced concrete, located in Ujazdowski Park and on Karowa street in Warsaw, the first Warsaw power plant and the second city bridge across the Vistula. In addition to his professional activity, Kajetan Mościcki was an inventor in the fields of mechanics and electrical engineering. At the end of his life, he founded an award that the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences was to grant to Polish scientists for outstanding achievements.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono nowe ujęcie rozwiązywania problemów wynalazczych, wpisujące się w systemową umiejętność wspomagania wynalazczości procesów i urządzeń przetwórstwa spożywczego, poprzez postępowanie, określające dobór i kolejność działań złożonych, stosowanych świadomie z możliwością powtórzenia we wszystkich przypadkach tego samego rodzaju. Inspiracja tego systemowego ujęcia, jak i nazwanie go „metodą integrowaną”, wywodzi się z wyróżnianego od 2005 roku trzeciego rodzaju integracji wiedzy, określanego mianem konwektywizmu (integracji systemowej).
EN
The article presents a new approach to solving inventive problems, inscribing into the systemic ability to support the inventiveness of food processing processes and devices, through conduct, defining the selection and sequence of complex activities, used consciously with the possibility of repeating in the same cases in the same type. Inspiration of this systemic approach, as well as calling it an „integrated method”, originates from the third type of knowledge integration recognized since 2005, known as convectiveism (system integration).
4
Content available Pracownicze projekty wynalazcze
PL
W artykule przybliżono ważne aspekty prawne, które dotyczą sytuacji pracownika – twórcy wynalazczego rozwiązania, jak również sytuacji przedsiębiorstwa – pracodawcy, których znajomość jest niezbędna w celu zminimalizowania ryzyka odpowiedzialności prawnej, a także maksymalizowania pojawiających się korzyści związanych z prawami wyłącznymi, chroniącymi wdrażane przemysłowo rozwiązania.
EN
This article presents important legal aspects regarding an employee who is also an inventor. It also covers the problem of the employer, who is expected to possess knowledge on the matter to minimize the risk of legal responsibility and to maximize potential profits related to the invention at hand, connected with exclusive rights protecting implementation of such inventions in the industry.
EN
Changes that took place in the country (Poland) after 1989 led to beneficial results in many areas of social life. One such area is the department of national defence. However to answer the question about their nature, direction and size the studies are needed. For this reason, the department of national defence is the subject of many studies, surveys and case studies, including those focusing on innovation management. The purpose of the article was to show how the results of research work are used. Particular attention was paid to formulate proposals that would give the answer on how to make effective use of scientific potential, which is administered by the department of national defence. A significant part of the proposals were formulated on the basis of ongoing research. In this paper the statistics were used for the purpose, replacing cumbersome and extensive empirical research.
6
EN
In the article some of the aspects of creative activity of pupils were presented. The article focuses on own activity through sole individual decision. It was proposed to teat stages of creative problem solutions as a base for organisation and realisation of technical issues. Influences resulting in pupils' development in the educational process regarding technical subjects and developing character of this process are presented, as well as and pupils' activeness and its creativity aspects.
7
Content available remote Rok 2007 - rokiem wynalazków Boscha
PL
Rekordową liczbę w historii przedsiębiorstwa, 3281 wynalazków zgłosili do opatentowania w 2007 r. pracownicy firmy Bosch. W tym czasie nakłady na badania i rozwój sięgnęły ponad 3 mld euro (8% obrotu firmy). Aktualnie koncern Bosch AG posiada prawa do 77 tys. patentów, zgłoszeń patentowych i wzorów użytkowych. Oznacza to, że na jeden dzień roboczy w firmie Bosch przypada ponad 14 wynalazków – twierdzi Krystyna Boczkowska, prezes zarządu Robert Bosch Sp. z o.o. I tak np. wynalazkiem 2007 r. był pierwszy samochód z seryjnie montowanym systemem EPP (Electronic Pedestrian Protection).
9
Content available remote Viznacenna funkcij zmistu programi z trudovogo navcanna
EN
Function of labour education program contents have been studied and determined. Approaches to education contents determination and realization have been presented. The very problem has been analysed. Main and specific functions of labour education program with beads wicker-work specialization have been determined.
EN
In her article, the authoress presents a classification of problems to solve due to their functional character. The systemic conception of problems that appear in relation to all kinds of systems is discussed in detail. Two groups of problems are analysed: cognitive problems and decision-making problems. The authoress also presents implications resulting for technical education from such attitude towards the problems.
EN
In clause is given the analysis of approaches to definition of the maintenance licnostno-orientirovannogo the approach during profile training pupils of the senior school. Results of the comparative analysis of traditional and self-guided training are sent. Principles self-guided are concretized.
12
Content available remote Inspirowanie twórczego myślenia w nauczaniu techniki
EN
The main task of a technology teacher in the new, reformed school is to teach children how to make use of constantly changing techniques, to perform activities useful in life, to use different forms of information, which should, as a consequence, result in the change of their behaviour to more mature, more self-dependent and more efficient. The question of developing the creative competence of pupils is the concern of the creativity psychodidactics. In order to be considered "creative" it should be the activity which engages human personality, mobilizes the courage and brings a lot of joy.
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