Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Vetřelec

100%

Nancy J.-L.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 1

47-53

EN

This is first Czech translation of the text L’Intrus by Jean-Luc Nancy, which originally was published in 1999 as a journal article, and then as an independent book (Nancy, J.-L., L’Intrus. Paris, Galilée 2009). In this text Nancy develops a philosophical reflection on embodiment using his own experience of a heart transplantation and illness with cancer as the basis.

2

Tělesnost a myšlení na pomezí individuálního bytí

63%

Kouba P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 5

651-668

EN

When we ask what is the relation between embodiment and thinking, it is usual to respond that these two phenomenal spheres are to be understood as radically different, and an attempt is made, at the same time, to find a certain point of contact which they might have in common. Aristotle, on this question, determined that at least the thinking part of the mind, the so-called active reason, is separable from the body, although the same cannot be said of the emotions or of sense perceptions, which are inseparably connected with the body. It follows from this that, in order to fully understand emotionality and sense, it is necessary to properly elucidate the connection between spirit and body, because it is precisely in this connection that emotionality and sense have their place. Descartes also recognised the necessity of clarifying the connection between spirit and body in the context of the problem of the so-called passions, although he had already blocked such a connection with his division of human existence into the spheres of res cogitans and res extensa. The question of the psychosomatic complexity of human existence, however, presents a much more complicated problem than it may usually seem. This complexity can be vividly shown by the phenomenological description of lived embodiment given by Merleau-Ponty in Phénomenologie de la perception, where the phenomenon of the body is understood in the context of the individuality of human existence. A closer examination of the so-called bodily schema, in which the whole of bodily functions are synthesised, displays to us the very borders of individual being. In order to better investigate and understand these borders we wish to place the conception of so-called schizoanalysis alongside this phenomenological treatment of embodiment, which Deleuze and Guattari have worked upon together. In the light of this concept of ‘the body without organs’ it should be shown not only in what sense embodiment goes beyond the boundaries of individual experience, but also that the connection between embodiment and thinking is much tighter than it might seem from the perspective of traditional philosophy which presupposes some kind of difference between the body and the spirit. It may even be said that the spheres of embodiment and thinking come together to such an extent in Deleuze and Guattari that they cannot be practically distinguished from one another.

3

Emotionszustände und -prozesse und ihre Verkörperung in der Sprache

63%

Mazurkiewicz-Sokołowska J.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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nr 17

187-198

EN

The aim of the paper is to show how emotions are embodied in language. The research material constitutes examples of idioms expressing emotional states and processes. The concepts of the embodied, embedded, extended and enactive cognition are discussed as theses of the 4E approach and the situated cognition as the collective concept.

4

Dvojí (vlastně trojí) směr obratu k tělesnosti

51%

Thein K.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 1

9-30

EN

The article offers a systematic interpretation of the turn to embodiment in continental philosophy based on the distinction of two different lines of thought: the phenomenological and the ontological. The first of these, which involves the shift of the intensional structures of consciousness into embodied existence, is connected with a tendency to the spiritualisation of the body. The second line returns to the theme of bodily substance as the element of thinking which is endowed with its own causal activity: this line rejects any analogy between embodiment and transcendental subjectivity. In considering the first line, the article works with Husserlian motifs, including the adoption of an Aristotelian analogy of sense perception and the rational faculties, and it traces the development of these motifs up to the attempt at an erotic reduction in the work of J.-L. Marion. In considering the second line attention is given to the link between Deleuze’s conception of the body and Stoic ontology, and to Deleuze’s radicalisation of Spinoza’s conception of the structure of the body as a scheme that is co-extensive with the ideas of the human mind. The article also tackles the question of the connection between cogitative and bodily happening in Merleau-Ponty, in whose work we find elements of both the lines that we have described.

5

Human Embodiment and Trinitarian Anthropology – Six Implications for Religious Education

51%

O’Shea G.

Studia Ełckie

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 4

455-466

EN

The author starts his considerations with a remark on the human person as a unique kind of reality – an embodied being with a Trinitarian structure. He claims that we must account for human nature as it is and educate the human person accordingly. He focuses on six key areas which need further exploration for the renewal of religious education: (1) religious education and the human person, (2) religious education for the body, (3) religious education for the heart, (4) religious education for the mind, (5) religious education and moral formation, and (6) the nature of faith.

6

Gesture, meaning-making, and embodiment: Second language learning in an elementary classroom

51%

Rosborough A. A.

Journal of Pedagogy

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2014

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tom 5

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nr 2

227-250

EN

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediational role of gesture and body movement/positioning between a teacher and an English language learner in a second-grade classroom. Responding to Thibault’s (2011) call for understanding language through whole-body sense making, aspects of gesture and body positioning were analyzed for their role as mediational tools for meaning making during a math assignment. Analysis of the teacher-student dyad provides insight as to how they moved from simply exchanging answers to using positions and gestures to embody meaning and feelings, thus establishing strategic ways to solve communication problems in the future. A shift to embodying the communication task provided new meanings not previously afforded while sitting at a desk. Combining a Gibsonian (1979) ecological perspective with Vygotskian (1978, 1986) sociocultural theory provides a way to view the role of embodiment in the social practice of second language learning (van Lier, 2004). Findings provide evidence that gesture along with bodily positions and [inter]actions play a central role in this dyadic meaning- making experience. The data demonstrate the interactive nature of the semiotic resources of the activity (i.e., speech, gesture/hands, math graph, whiteboard), with their materialized bodily/speech-voiced acts coinciding with Thibault’s (2004, 2011) explanation of human meaning-making activity as a hybrid phenomenon that includes a cross-coupled relationship between semiotic affordances and physical-material body activity. This perspective embraces Vygotsky’s (1978, 1997a) view of dialectical development including the importance of psychological and materialized-physical tools such as gesture in dealing with language learning processes (McNeill, 2012).

7

Tělesnost a metafyzika : Dekonstrukce mezi dobrou a špatnou dialektikou

51%

Trnka J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

56-64

EN

The article investigates Merleau-Ponty’s late thought from the position of Derrida’s deconstruction, focusing on the possibility of thinking otherness in the framework of embodiment. We examine the thought movements in The Visible and the Invisible which open up such possibilities, as well as those which close them down. The basis for this investigation is a comparison of Derrida and Merleau-Ponty in relation to the thinking of Husserl, de Saussure, and Hegel. We demonstrate, above all, how Derrida’s deconstruction occupies a middle position between Merleau-Ponty and Hegel. In conclusion we outline an ambivalence which is to be found throughout Merleau-Ponty’s final work.

8

Practice, Spatiality and Embodied Emotions: An Outline of a Geography of Practice

51%

Simonsen K.

Human Affairs

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2007

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tom 17

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nr 2

168-181

EN

The paper outlines an approach to social analysis/human geography taking off from a social ontology of practice. This means a focus of attention to embodied or practical knowledges and their formation in people's everyday lives, to the world of experiences and emotions, and to the infinitude of encounters through which we make the world and are made by it in turn. The paper proceeds in three parts. First, considering the way in which subjectivity and identity are created in and through practices sets the ground. The two following sections are extensions from that discussing "embodiment and spatiality" and "affectivity and emotion" respectively. The purpose is threefold; to develop the sensuous character of practice, to consider the spatialities involved in that character, and to discuss possible developments including power and the social differentiation of bodies. The paper is concluded by a short discussion of the geographies following from the suggested account.

9

Keha tahenduse ja rolli muutumine: kasitlused eesti uue vaimsuse opetustes ja nende jargijate seas

51%

Marko U.

Mäetagused

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2015

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tom 59

7-26

EN

As an ongoing tendency in Western cultures the body has gained more importance both in mundane and transcendent issues. Contrary to the Christian (and, in Estonian context, especially Lutheran) understandings of body and flesh as obstacles, “spiritual approach makes the body itself the site of the sacred: the contemporary person relates to transcendence and the divine on the basis of the experience of his/her own body” (Giordan 2009: 233). Physical dimension is also an important element for Estonian spiritual practitioners. For instance, popular practices like yoga or taijiquan, although in Western forms taken often as mere physical training, cultivate different body perception and lead to a spiritual experience through physical means. Participation in alternative medical and spiritual practices increases people’s bodily awareness, making the body more ‘present’. The practices of new spirituality often emphasise the role of the body and its sensations. For example, in some teachings, the body has something that can be seen as its own ‘consciousness’ and/or ‘language’, which mediates the ‘inner’ and ‘natural’ knowledge. Practitioners try to establish a dialogue with the body, to hear its voice and interpret its signs properly. The body is seen as an ‘intelligent’ partner, dissolving the rigid dualism of the mind as a conscious subject and the body as a material object. Based on fieldwork observations, in-depth interviews and conversations as well as an Internet-based questionnaire, the article observes the different roles that the body and body-communication take in the Estonian spiritual milieu. It is visible how spiritual practices lead to different body-awarenesses and conceptualisations of the body. New spirituality offers both physical means and specific meanings for novel embodied experiences and understandings of the role of the body.

10

Affectivity And Time: Towards A Phenomenology Of Embodied Time-Consciousness

51%

Pokropski M.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2015

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tom 41

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nr 1

161-172

EN

In the article, I develop some ideas introduced by Edmund Husserl concerning time-consciousness and embodiment. However, I do not discuss the Husserlian account of consciousness of time in its full scope. I focus on the main ideas of the phenomenology of time and the problem of bodily sensations and their role in the constitution of consciousness of time. I argue that time-consciousness is primarily constituted in the dynamic experience of bodily feelings. In the first part, I outline the main ideas of Husserl’s early phenomenology of consciousness of time. In the second part, I introduce the phenomenological account of bodily feelings and describe how it evolved in Husserl’s philosophy. Next, I discuss the idea of bodily self-affection and the affective-kinaesthetic origin of consciousness’ temporal flow. In order to better understand this “pre-phenomenal temporality”, I analyse the dynamics of non-intentional, prereflective bodily self-affection. In the third part, I try to complement Husserl’s account by describing the specific dynamics of bodily experience. In order to do so, I appeal to Daniel Stern’s psychological account of dynamic bodily experience, which he calls the “vitality affect”. I argue that the best way to understand the pre-phenomenal dynamics of bodily feelings is in terms of the notion of rhythm.

11

Size or Openness: Expansive but Closed Body Posture Increases Submissive Behavior

51%

Bialobrzeska O. , Parzuchowski M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2016

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tom 47

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nr 2

186-194

EN

Expansive body posture is the most commonly studied and widely described in psychological literature. For many years, expansive posture was universally identified as a pose of power, but more recent research has revealed that the link between expansive posture and power may be moderated by gender, culture or even contextual cues. Our findings show that with little variation added to expansive posture it does not necessarily lead to the sense of power, and may actually trigger the opposite effect: a feeling of submissiveness. In three studies, persons assuming their body in a standing-at-attention posture were perceived as being more obedient (Experiment 1), thus participants who expanded their body in a standing-at-attention manner (although actually doing a non-obedient unrelated task) displayed greater compliance to requests (Experiment 2) and declared greater submissiveness toward social norms (Experiment 3). We discuss how the cultural and interpersonal context imprinted in specific body posture can modify the feedback of innate and universal body states.

12

Niepełnosprawność poza zmyśleniem Reprezentacja, ucieleśnienie i strategie „odgapiania się”

51%

Świerkosz M.

Didaskalia. Gazeta Teatralna

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2021

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nr 162

96-127

EN

The article analyzes the ways of producing cultural representations of disability in theatre, film, literature and society. It draws attention to their dialectical structure, which problematizes - as in the case of the figure of the disabled avenger from Malina Prześluga’s drama "Debil" – a positive going beyond the oppositions of good and evil, agency and passivity. The author emphasizes the need to perceive not only metaphorical but also materialistic dimensions of disability in order to deconstruct and dislocate (and not only duplicate) ableist clichés. The key role in this process is played by the categories of embodiment and lived experience, as well as the strategies of "staring back" (R. Garland-Thomson) used by contemporary Polish artists with disabilities.

13

Developmental Participation: The Necessity of Cultural Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

51%

Siekiera N. , Białek A.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2020

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tom 23

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nr 1

45-61

EN

This main aim of this paper is to present some theoretical considerations about the need for a cultural approach in modern developmental psychology. Starting with a critique of the over-universalisation of developmental research in American psychology, the authors present a paradigm of a relational-developmental system, using the concept of embodiment and a cultural approach in psychological research, in which the principal object of analysis is person-in-action as a culturally inclusive alternative for developmental psychology. This approach will be exemplified by research on development through guided participation and the role of shame in moral and social development in Confucian culture.

14

Otakar Zich on the dramatic acting:

51%

Musilová M.

Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)

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2020

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tom 23

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nr 1

81-88

EN

This study deals with Otakar Zich's conception of dramatic acting as defined in his 1931 The Aesthetics of Dramatic Art and the historical context in which the concept was formed, e.g. within the first generation of Czech Modernism in the 1890s of which Zich was a member. Zich's aesthetics were influenced by (1) experimental psychology, particularly the associationism Zich adopted from his professor František Krejčí; (2) a theory of the work of art developed by first-generation Modernists under the influence of Richard Wagner; and (3) Nietzschean individualism. Coming from this background, Zich could not fully anticipate the tumultuous developments in theatre during the interwar period, especially the latest practical and theoretical innovations in the field of anti-illusionistic avant-garde acting.

15

Thematic Roles in Image Schemas. Part 2. A Missing Link from Reality to Mind

51%

Szwedek A.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2023

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nr 19

345-359

EN

For a long time, Thematic roles have received much attention, raising many disputes and controversies, but they still remain a ‘murky construct’ (Newmeyer, 2010, Rissman and Majid, 2019). Dowty’s words of 1986 that “the perennial vexing problem is the lack of agreement among linguists as to which thematic roles exist, and the absence of any obvious way to decide this question” still hold true. Departing from the traditional ‘intuitive semantic’ approach, I provided evidence that Thematic roles are indispensable components of image schemas, and constitute a scaffolding for language structures (2022, forthcoming). A natural question arose then, where they come from in the image schemas. Fillmore (1968) proposed that they may be, “presumably, innate concepts”, while Langacker (1991) alluded to their “nonlinguistic” origin. The present paper argues that Thematic roles come from “nonlinguistic” sources, i.e., human interpretation and categorization of reality, completing the Thematic roles embodiment process.

16

The Embodied Nature of Autistic Learning: Implications for Physical Education

44%

Jespersen E. , He J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2015

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tom 65

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nr 1

63-73

EN

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning difficulties are difficult to separate in clinic manifestations and diagnoses. By taking learning as being-in-the-world, this article considers the embodied nature of autistic learning and urges its importance for understanding the phenomenological core of ASD. We begin by arguing that three mainstream contemporary ASD theories are inherently limited in offering an adequate account of autistic learning due to the disembodied ontology inscribed within them. Then, we provide an understanding of learning guided by the subjective dynamics of experience. Instead of having a disembodied and individualistic point of view, we suggest that autistic learning has an embodied nature. The “inappropriate” or “abnormal” affections and behaviors in the autistic experience of learning may actually be inherently meaningful for individuals with ASD. They strive to make sense of some basic disturbances and re-establish some form of coherence with the world, though this may only be possible in the form of delusions or autistic withdrawals. Finally, we explore the relationship between autistic learning and physical education and suggest in particular how spontaneous imitation can boost the development of children with ASD. We conclude that the application of implicit learning strategies in playful settings and the reduction of explicit strategies based upon intellectual reasoning rather than bodily reciprocity should be encouraged in the process of autistic learning.

17

Po co antropologom zabawa? O zabawowych aspektach badań antropologiczno-kulturowych

44%

Maciejewska-Mroczek E.

Lud

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2015

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tom 99

253-270

EN

In this article I try to recognise a possible role of play in contemporary cultural anthropological research. Although the relationships between this fi eld of study and play are by no means new, what is most usually taken into account, is the formative function of play in culture, and this is often analysed only in relation to adults. Here, however, I focus on a different possible perspective: on including a playful element into the very research process. Nowadays, this becomes an important factor, pertaining to the attempts of cultural anthropologists to include children as subjects into the main course of study, as well as to recognise their role as social actors, who also build the society. Theoretical thoughts on research methodology were illustrated with a short example taken from my own and my research team’s study with children belonging to families with a history of infertility.

18

The Four Dimensions of Embodiment and the Experience of Illness

44%

Grīnfelde M.

Avant

|

2018

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tom 9

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nr 2

107-127

EN

In this paper I will try to systematically lay out and describe the multiple dimensions of the embodied experience of illness, which until recently has been the main focus within the field of the phenomenology of medicine. In order to do this, I will turn to analysis of the nature of embodiment in Husserl’s phenomenology. I will argue that based on Husserl’s phenomenology of the body, one can distinguish four ways of experiencing one’s body, or four dimensions of embodiment. I will distinguish between experience of one’s body as 1) a bearer of sensations (the affective dimension of embodiment); 2) a seat of free movement, characterized by the faculty of “I can” (the functional dimension of embodiment); 3) a material thing in a causal relationship with the material world (the material dimension of embodiment); 4) a material thing embedded in a social context (the social dimension of embodiment). I will then apply the proposed classification of dimensions of embodiment to the experience of illness, focusing on the various ways these dimensions have been used within the phenomenology of medicine. This serves two purposes. Firstly, it provides a framework for classification of the existing interpretations of the experience of illness; secondly, it opens up a way for a comprehensive analysis of the experience of illness which includes both individual and social aspects of embodiment as well as their mutual intertwining.

19

La preposizione su e alcuni suoi corrispettivi polacchi – uno studio cognitivo

44%

Malinowska M. , Malinowska M.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

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2020

|

nr 1

20

Reflected Bodies: Women’s Perspectives on the Marital Experience and the Transformation of the Maternal Body. A Case Study of Middle-Class Women in Suburban Romania

44%

Butean S.

Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia

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2015

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tom 6

|

nr 2

21-38

EN

Even if concepts of marriage and motherhood are subject to continuous changes and reinterpretations, women and men still marry and have children following more traditional or more unconventional patterns. My major interest in this research was to unveil Romanian middle-class women’s narratives regarding their perceptions over their own bodies and identities, by focusing my analysis on lived experiences, intimate scenes, daily practices and activities within marriage and motherhood. Qualitative empirical work was conducted in 2012 and 2015 in a post-socialist suburban neighbourhood, known as a place mostly inhabited by young, middle-class families. The analysis unfolds women’s class affinities and dispositions, their perception of the marital experience, identity and corporeal transformations, and their reflections on maternity as a transformative stage in terms of subjectivity, agency and body.