Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ŽENY V INTELEKTUÁLNÍCH PROFESÍCH V PRVNÍ POLOVINĚ 20. STOLETÍ

100%

Musilová D.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2014

|

tom 18

|

nr 1

49 – 61

EN

Women began to come in the intellectual professions in large numbers after World War I. Until then the most numerous group was formed by teachers. At the turn of 19th and 20th century, physician, pharmacist and teacher were on the increase. After the First World War, women have penetrated also into science, first into medicine. Lawyers had the greatest difficulties in finding employment. The situation improved after several interventions of women’s organizations in the early thirties of the 20th century. However, stereotypical thinking and fear of men from qualified female competition still persisted and saw the woman primarily as wife and mother.

2

ODBORNÉ ŠKOLY PRE ŽENSKÉ POVOLANIA 1922-1934

100%

Kičková A.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2015

|

tom 19

|

nr 2

279 – 288

EN

Following article describes organization of specialized schools for women stated in Normal Organizational Statute of Specialized Schools for Female Professions in 1922 and 1934. It described instructions about the administration, teachers and students.

3

Etniczno-wyznaniowe stereotypy kobiet u Słowian bałkańskich

100%

Ajdačić D.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

|

2003

|

tom 15

139-145

PL

Społeczeństwa bałkańskie, zróżnicowane politycznie, etnicznie i religijnie, cechuje długotrwałe napięcie wywołane tym, że funkcjonowały one na styku przenikających się nawzajem i skazanych na bliski kontakt kultur. Kobiety Innego były dla mężczyzn wiecznym wyzwaniem, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie w pieśniach epickich. Najbardziej jaskrawo objawia się to na samej granicy różnych wiar. Porwanie cudzej kobiety na granicy uważane było za czyn heroiczny, który przynosił sławę porywaczowi. Nienawiść do przedstawicieli innej wiary objawia się w porwaniu z ich społeczności najpiękniejszych kobiet, ich przywłaszczeniu i nawróceniu na swoją wiarę. Kobiety Innego zdobywano przemocą, podstępem lub za ich zgodą, która potrafiła przezwyciężyć granicę religijnej nietolerancji. Najsilniejsi wojownicy pragnęli posiąść najpiękniejsze kobiety Innego.

EN

Balkan societies, diversified in the political, ethnic and religious sense, are characterized by long-lasting tensions resulting from mutual influences of geographically close cultures. As manifested in epic songs, THE OTHERS' women have always been a challenge to men, which is especially pronounced at the 'meeting places' of different religions. At these borderline terrains, kidnapping someone else's woman was seen as a heroic deed, bringing fame to the kidnapper. The hatred towards representatives of other religions was manifested in kidnapping their most beautiful women, claiming them as one's own possession and converting them to one's own faith. THEIR women were kidnapped by force, tricks or through their own consent, thanks to which religious intolerance could be overcome. The strongest warriors desired to take possession of the most beautiful women of THE OTHERS.

4

VEŘEJNÁ SFÉRA A GENDEROVÁ ANALÝZA PO ÚNORU 1948: PŘÍSPĚVEK DO DISKUZE

100%

Nečasová D.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2014

|

tom 18

|

nr 1

62 – 75

EN

The study deals with possibilities of gender oriented research of the post-February Czechoslovakia. Theoretical and methodological parts are documented on the example of the public sphere in the period. The text is focused on three major lines of gender oriented research (horizontal, vertical and contextual). Dominantly, study presents the area of feminity and discourses of women as well as the Czech Lands. It is a contribution to discussion rather than a definite conclusion.

5

Testamenty kobiet z I księgi konsystorza pułtuskiego z 1509 roku

100%

Starczewska E.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 3-4

313-317

EN

The article discusses six women’s testaments from 1509 registered in the first book of the consistory in Pułtusk, which covers the years 1506-1518. The first part presents the testators’ social status and family situation. Three of the testators were noblewomen, two were burghers, in one case the testament does not specify the testator’s social class. Three of the women were married, two were widowed and one was a spinster; none of the testaments mentions any offspring. The testaments were analysed according to a questionnaire based on the fixed elements of such documents, which included: the title and invocation, the time, place and circumstances of drawing up the testament, lists of witnesses and executors, entrusting one’s soul and body, and instructions concerning one’s property. With little exceptions, the testaments discussed followed the above scheme. All but one contain a title and invocation, which specify the testator’s place of residence, adding the formula In nomine Domini Amen. All specify the time of writing the document, although the actual formulations differ. In one case, when the testament was drawn up by a notary summoned to the testator’s house, the text specifies the year of the present pope’s pontificate and the hour of its writing. Only three of the testaments name the place where they were drawn up, but all of them specify the circumstances. It is always stressed that the testators are facing death or disease; in four cases it is mentioned that the aim is to prevent disagreements between inheritors. The witnesses were usually chosen among the testator’s equals; in one case only a noblewoman’s testament was authenticated by a peasant. The witnesses and executors were relatives or neighbours, and the executors usually also had a share in the inheritance, which may have influenced their efficiency. All the testaments contain a short formula of entrusting one’s soul, but only four mention funeral arrangements. The testators were primarily concerned about legacies. Particularly important were pious legacies, which are included in five of the testaments. They were aimed at paying for exequies and Gregorian masses, and the beneficiaries were usually the testators’ parish churches. Other legacies were meant for relatives, and sometimes servants and friends. All the legacies were left to people living within a close distance of the testators (up to 20 km). The testaments described did not yet have a very elaborate form, also in comparison to men’s last wills from the same year. Only one contained a list of the debts owned by and to the testator, only one included an elaborate dating formula specifying the hour of its drawing up, only half of them specified the place where they were written down, not all contained instructions about the body. Each of them, however, reveals interesting details from the testator’s life and helps to find out what people and institutions were particularly close to her.

6

INTERNALIZATION OF THE THIN IDEAL AS A CAUSAL RISK FACTOR AND A MEDIATOR OF INTERVENTION EFFECTS ON EATING DISORDER SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN

100%

Pavlisová E. , Orosová O.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2020

|

tom 23

|

nr 2

11 – 28

EN

The current cultural definition of female beauty is a source of pressure placed on women to attain extremely thin figures. Incorporation of this standard into how a woman thinks she should look, a desire to attain it and engagement in appearance-invested behaviours refer to the construct of thin-ideal internalization. Three prominent socio-cultural theories of the development of eating disorders propose the impact of internalization of the thin ideal on body image. These are: the socio-cultural model of eating disorders, the tripartite influence model and the objectification theory. Thin-ideal internalization is a widely recognized risk factor in eating disorders in women. Kraemer´s typology of risk factors provides clarification of the terms correlate, fixed marker, variable risk factor, variable marker and causal risk factor for the certain outcome.

7

ŽENY A ŠTRUKTÚRA ČESKOSLOVENSKÉHO MINISTERSTVA ZAHRANIČIA

100%

Kičková A.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2014

|

tom 18

|

nr 1

15 – 22

EN

This article outlines the development of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ organizational structure since 1918. It is emphasing the participation of women in the Ministry.

8

SNAHY O OBMEDZENIE VYSOKOŠKOLSKÉHO ŠTÚDIA ŽIEN V OBDOBÍ SLOVENSKÉHO ŠTÁTU

100%

Škorvanková E.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

|

2018

|

tom 66

|

nr 4

649 - 670

EN

The movement away from the democratic political principles of the Czechoslovak state during the period of autonomy and after the declaration of the Slovak State was also reflected in changes in the status of Slovak women in the political and social life of the country. This study focuses on the restriction and limitation of the education of girls and women in the wartime Slovak Republic. A very common argument for this policy of the Slovak conservative ruling elites was to achieve an idealized image of the Slovak woman as mother and housewife and to solve the social problems of the new State.

9

AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WOMENS' TEMPERAMENT AND CHRONOTYPE AT DIFFERENT TIME CHOSEN FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

100%

Olek M.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

|

2007

|

tom 16

49-61

EN

The aim of the study presented in this paper was to investigate an association between womens' temperament and chronotype and the time chosen for physical activity. One hundred and eleven women aged from 18 to 55 were participated in present research. The Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI) was used to measure temperament features. To assess kind of chronotype all participants completed Horne-Östberg's Morningness-Eveningness Questionaire, named the Rhythm of Daily Activity Questionnaire (KRAD) in Polish version. The data analysis has shown that morning types were more brisk (Tau Kendall = 0, 17; p = 0,01), less perseverative (Tau Kendall = - 0,20; p = 0,00) and more sensory sensitive (Tau Kendall = 0,15; p = 0,03) when compared with evening types. There was also negative correlation between perseveration and the result in KRAD in the group of women who chose physical fitness activity in the morning (Tau Kendall = - 0,28; p = 0,01) and positive correlation between briskness and the result in KRAD in the group of women who chose physical fitness activity in the evening (Tau Kendall = 0,20; p = 0,03).

10

Edukacyjne i zawodowe kariery kobiet w Polsce

100%

Raczkiewicz D. , Dolecka M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

|

2013

|

nr 1(31)

33-44

EN

Both women and men in their lives have at least two careers: educational and professional. These careers can differ according to gender. The aim of this paper is to analyze educational and professional career differences between men and women using some macro indicators to correlate these two career indicators, as well as to investigate the diversity of the indicators among regions in Poland and other European Union countries, and to establish the position of Poland within the EU with respect to these indicators.

11

Self-regulatory resources as predictors of eating behavior change in overweight women participating in a weight-reduction program

100%

Oginska-Bulik N.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2005

|

tom 36

|

nr 1

35-42

EN

The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether self-regulatory expectations, volition properties, emotions, and coping with stress contribute to the prediction of eating behavior change in overweight women who participated in weight-reduction program. One hundred and six overweight women aged 35-55 years - (average BMI=32.01) participated in three waves of the study, before the implementation of the weight-reduction program, 2 and 6 months later. Six measures were employed: Eating Behaviours Questionnaire, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Life Orientation Test, Kuhl's Action Control Scale, State-Trait Personality Inventory and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. The participants changed their eating behaviors (they reduced tendency to overeating and body weight). The findings support the crucial role of self-regulatory personal resources, namely coping, emotions, expectations and volitional properties in eating behavior change.

12

KOBIETY W KULTURZE I RELIGII SPOŁECZNOŚCI ŻYDOWSKIEJ W ŚWIETLE KSIĄG MACHABEJSKICH

100%

BARAN G.

Studia Ełckie

|

2014

|

tom 16

|

nr 3

391-426

EN

Analyzing the contents of the Books of the Maccabees (1-2Macc canonical and 3-4Macc apocryphal) it can be noted that their authors – on the canvas of the story associated with the revolt of the Maccabees and the persecution of the Jewish community – also touched upon issues of the presence and role of women in the religion and culture of ancient Israel in Hellenistic times. Although women mentioned by the authors women are anonymous, one can, however, learn a lot about their lives in this period. The authors in fact give different information about the women of different status: young girls, virgins/unmarried maidens, wives, mothers, widows, grandmothers as well as prostitutes. Of particular note are women who demonstrated heroism in defense of God’s Law. The mother of seven sons, presented in 2Macc and 4Macc, stands out in this respect as – for the fidelity to the Law – she suffered a martyr’s death, encouraging earlier her own sons to assume the same attitude. To sum up, one can conclude that women in the Jewish community of the time, which was clearly dominated by men, played important roles and in certain circumstances were able to do heroic deeds.

13

ŽENY V UČEBNICIACH DEJEPISU

100%

Kičková A.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2013

|

tom 17

|

nr 2

207 – 211

EN

For a long time women were hidden in curriculum of history subject that focused mainly on the public domain. Undoubtedly women have played an important role in history. This article examines women’s history and a narrative in history textbooks currently used in the Slovak Republic and introduces some examples from other countries.

14

WHAT BEING A WOMAN IN POLAND MEANS - THE NATIONAL IDENTITY OF WOMEN OVER 50 YEARS OF AGE IN POLAND

100%

Stelmaszczyk J.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

|

2008

|

tom 9

265-275

EN

The paper analyses the research material collected during seven interviews with women of 50+ years of age conducted by students of the University of Lódz specializing in adult education. The aim of the research was to define the factors which influence the concept of national identity. The information was collected on the basis of the following questions: What does it mean to be a Pole and a woman to you?; What does the concept of patriotism mean to you?; When did you feel that you are a Polish woman?; What do you understand by 'Polish identity' and how was this 'Polish identity' shaped? On the one hand the analysis is based on the theoretical model of national identity developed by P. Boski and on the other hand by a paper written by Jolanta Mikulska in which the authoress presents the criteria which identify the national identity as one of the elements of the social identity of individual people. The feedback presented proves, that the respondents treat the struggle for the independence of one's country as the primary and the most important task of patriots. This attitude defined by heroism and martyrdom, which constitute the pattern of a citizen seems to be typical of less educated persons. While responding to the questionnaire - the image of a Polish woman occurs to be equated with Catholicism, patriotism, good cooking, admiration for Polish nature, and devotion to bringing up children. None of the respondents mentioned professional career, and only one mentioned social activity as an element of citizenship. It seems therefore, that the Polish identity is still understood as martyrdom and there is little space in it for everyday work for the benefit of the country.

15

SINGLE PROFESSIONAL WOMEN AS A POLISH AND GLOBAL PHENOMENON

100%

Grzeszczyk E.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

|

2005

|

tom 49

|

nr 2

199-225

EN

Single professional women (single, educated women with good jobs) have become a growing social group not only in Poland but also all over the world. The article presents this phenomenon and points to its causes in our country and, additionally, places it in a broader, global context. Results of qualitative research, mainly in the form of interviews conducted by the authoress, were used in the analysis of the phenomenon in Poland.

16

“DOMA JE LEN DOMA”. VÝZNAMY DOMOVA SLOVENSKÝCH MIGRANTIEK V LONDÝNE

100%

Bacová D.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

|

2012

|

tom 19

|

nr 1-2

75 – 84

EN

The life beyond the borders of mother land brings a lot of changes. It changes identities of the individual persons, the way of identification with their own home and constructions of its meanings. In this paper the author deals with analysing the home meanings of Slovak women migrants living in ethnically mixed marriages in London. By analysis of research data gathered from interviews with respondents she outlines how ideas about home have shaped during their migration process. In the traditional sense home is understood as territorial place. Currently, for which migration is a reality, the emerging awareness about new global facts, which influence perceptions of home of migrants uprooted from mother homeland. This awareness is built on de-territorial basis, through the memories and those places that migrants currently do not or cannot inhabit. The aim of her contribution will uncover the essential internal mechanisms which are activated by creating images of home of her respondents and their imaginations connected with coming back to their mother land.

17

VEREJNÁ ODBORNÁ ŠKOLA PRE ŽENSKÉ POVOLANIA V NITRE A JEJ ČINNOSŤ V ROKOCH 1939-1945

100%

Sozanská N.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2014

|

tom 18

|

nr 1

76 – 91

EN

The regime of the first Slovak Republic saw Slovak woman mainly as a mother whose place was in the household. The main duty of a woman was to take care of a household, husband and to raise children. The education and upbringing supposed to prepare girls for this role. The vocational school for women in Nitra provided a general and special education for a family. For example the school provided a study of housework such as tailoring clothes and it was also preparation for the higher level of education of women vocational schools. This kind of education was considered the most appropriate for women. This contribution depicts the activity, organization, aims and tasks of the public vocational school for women in Nitra in 1939-1945.

18

Podíl českých žen na samizdatu a v disentu v Československu v období tzv. normalizace v letech l969–l989

100%

Siklova J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

|

2008

|

tom 9

|

nr 1

39-44

EN

During the so-called normalization era between 1969 and 1989, samizdat articles and books played a significant role in the resistance. They were copied by hand, unofficially distributed at home, and smuggled out of the country. Once outside, the texts were published in magazines and broadcast on foreign radio. As a result, people in Czechoslovakia were able to hear the illegal texts from foreign broadcasts. It was mainly women who performed the tasks of copying and distributing these materials, even though such activities were illegal in Czechoslovakia at the time. Yet, the activities of women are less well known than those performed by men during the same period, despite the fact that the activities women were engaged in were more dangerous than the men's activities. The same can be said of the women in exile who helped in these illegal activities, because as yet they have gained little recognition inside or outside the country. Women's demands and issues were not included in Charter 77 and other civic declarations. Czech women emphasised human rights and the interests of the majority rather than particular women's issues. The incentive to notice the role of women in the resistance movement originated mainly among women in the West. Czech women did not differentiate themselves along gender lines.

19

JEDNODETNOSŤ A ŽENY S JEDNÝM DIEŤAŤOM NA SLOVENSKU. KTORÉ ŽENY MAJÚ „LEN“ JEDNO DIEŤA?

100%

Šprocha B. , Tišliar P.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2022

|

tom 54

|

nr 5

464 – 497

EN

Families with one child are not a very common phenomenon in Slovakia from a historical point of view. The model of early and almost universal motherhood was accompanied by a significant inclination towards a family of two or more children. However, in younger cohorts we identify a gradual growing trend. Despite this trend, knowledge about one-child families in Slovakia is considerably limited. The aim of this paper is a detailed analysis of the historical development of one-child families and its possible development in cohorts of women born since the mid-1970s, whose reproductive behaviour has been most affected by the society-wide transformation of the last three decades. In the next section, we focus on the question of which women in Slovakia more often had one child. Based on census data, we identify differences in the representation of women with one child by marital status, education, nationality, religion and place of residence. The obtained results confirm that especially in cohorts of women born in the 1970s, we can expect relatively dynamic growth of one-child families up to the limit of one quarter. Towards younger cohorts, their share could gradually decline, especially given the expected increase in childlessness. In terms of existing differences, the results confirmed a more frequent one-child model among women with higher education, divorced women, people living in large cities, an in the Bratislava region. Slightly more often, women without religion, women of Protestant and Evangelical religion, as well as women of Hungarian ethnicity had one child.

20

Dynamika domácích prací z globálního hlediska

100%

Hendlova T.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

|

2007

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

6-13

EN

The article covers the topic of women's migration from poorer countries to the so called First World to provide domestic work and care giving. On the one hand, their movement is caused by the demand for domestic labor in rich countries where double career couples resolve the dilemma of reconciliation of public and private spheres by externalization of domestic work. On the other hand, the supply is significant. Migration and provision of domestic service is often the only survival strategy available to women from developing countries due to high unemployment and few working opportunities. The practice of hiring a migrant as domestic worker creates global care chains (Hochschild, 2001) that connect women engaged in care giving - those who are postponing it and those who are providing it. Migrant women hold an unequal position in these chains. They comprise a cheap labor in the informal private sector and so are vulnerable to abusive treatment. To tackle such discrimination, the patriarchal system stereotyping both women's and men's roles has to be challenged on the both sides of the care chain: in the developed as well developing countries.