Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

CHANGEABILITY OF SLANG VOCABULARY

100%

Widawski M.

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nr 1

3-12

EN

This paper analyzes some of the most frequent changeability processes in American slang. They may involve the change in slang with relation to standard language (from standard to slang, or vice versa), but they may also involve change within slang itself (via semantic shifts including pejoration, melioration, generalization, and specialization), as well as the appearance, disappearance, or reappearance of slang terms. This paper also discusses various types of slang with regard to language change (such as ephemeral, passive, static-core and recycled slang) and the reasons for change (such as social, generational, and other).

2

Hiszpański Buenos Aires w kontekście historyczno-kulturowym

100%

Stala E.

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2009

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tom 8

103-110

EN

The aim of this article is to present a variety of Spanish from Buenos Aires, stemming from various factors: historical, linguistic and cultural. Obviously, as these factors undergo ongoing changes, so does the linguistic form. This is an attempt at signaling possible characteristics rather than to provide a thorough analysis, altogether with the intent of their interpretation as the final construct of the negotiation of meanings and forms.

3

Das europäische Integrationskonzeptvor dem Hintergrund der Sprach- und Sprachenfrage

100%

Szubert R.

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tom 136

149-163

EN

The present paper focuses on the European Union multilingualism in the context of the communicative effectiveness intended by the governments of EU Member States and their communities. The author claims that this communicative effectiveness is of key importance with regard to the function and comprehensibility of languages which are important for the quality of life of every modern community, i.e. the specialist languages.

4

Linguistic issues in research on borderlands

100%

Krasowska H.

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tom 31

135-139

EN

The authoress reflects on the borderland theory according to theories set forth by specialists in various fields, among others A. Kloskowska and S. Dubisz. Two types of borderlands are presented in the further part of the article: Slavic - Slavic, i.e. Ukrainian-Polish and Polish-Ukrainian, and Slavic - Non-Slavic, i.e. Ukrainian-Romanian. These borderlands share a number of features, e.g. the incidence of language interference resulting from the language contact. The linguistic research of both borderlands pose serious difficulties. Particular emphasis is put on the fact that in the past the area of Bukowina witnessed also language contacts of the following kinds: Ukrainian-German, Ukrainian-Polish, as well as Slovakian-Ukrainian or Slovakian-Romanian. Concerning the cultural borderland, the characteristic features of Bukowina are: lack of dominant culture; economic character of migration; the foundation of new localities of national character. In addition to the research of language borderland it would be desired for the dialectology to include the issues of cultural research, ethnology and, in particular, sociolinguistics. The authoress points out that research of such kind is already being conducted in Poland by renowned specialists.

5

LITERARY STUDY VERSUS CULTURAL SCIENCES

100%

Glowinski M.

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nr 1/2(91/92)

44-49

EN

Should one understand the term 'culture' in a broad manner, as pursued by certain anthropologists or sociologists, literary scholarship/criticism would simply, like any other humanistic discipline, become part of cultural studies. This possible option should be taken into consideration, yet such a thesis, when assumed, appears not to open any novel opportunities. What it does is it condemns one to generalisation, however correct the latter might be. Should, however, the category in question be understood in a narrower way, then a whole series of issues occurs, along with various difficulties, of which one should merely become aware. For instance, why should so-called internal methods be usually approached as independent of the discipline called cultural studies, whilst others, being shaped otherwise in methodological terms, tend sometimes to be merged therewith? And, there is the very basic problem: Within what concepts is the issue of literary language designed for singling literature out of such context, and in what sorts of concepts does it provide a link to/with the related general-cultural phenomena? Plus, there is the issue of literary folklore study. The role of sociology of language as an entity linking literary study and cultural theory. What is the actual place of history in this context? Problem spheres connected with cultural studies: literature vs. traditional habits/morals; literature vs. other cultural institutions. There is a certain conventionality about singled-out cultural-science fields: cultural science appears to encompass certain not-as-yet-fully-crystallised items.

6

National language as a resultant of nation-creating processes (reinterpretation of relations language vs. nation as presented by Dubravko Skiljan

100%

Molas J.

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tom 39

285-300

EN

Complex ethnic situation aggravated by problems associated with status of languages of the particular ethnic and national groups of the former Yugoslavia in the last 30 years caused evolution of analyses of social and political aspects of functioning of the language, which were extremely important not only in the perspective of the Slavic languages. As the status of the Serbo-Croatian language was the source of most of controversies, majority of papers refer to that very problem. The latest book by a Croatian linguist, Dubravko Skiljan, 'Govor nacije' (Zagreb 2002) offers a novel and interestingly inspiring interpretation of the issues. The book proposes the thesis which to a considerable degree relies on achievements of the Western sociolinguistics, especially that presented by J. Fishman. However, the undisputable merit is due to Skiljan for combining the theories functioning to date into a common and complex model that well explains the processes in which the Slavonic languages take their shape. The most important compounds of that model are: (1) Differentiation between the notions of communicational community/group, language community and national community, and also defining the relations and dependencies between the groups defined by those terms and notions. (2) Presentation of roles of elites in the process of formation of national languages. (3) Reversal of the perspective of description in which it is not the language that contributes to formation of a national community but the pursued by elites goal of the planned community is the most decisive factor in shaping the form and transformations of a given idiom.

7

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF THE AVAILABLE LEXICON OF POLES AND SPANISH SPEAKERS (Análisis de la compatibilidad de los léxicos disponibles de polacos e hispanohablantes)

100%

Gonzalez A. M. L.

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nr 2

171-179

EN

To what extent does the Spanish lexicon learnt by Polish students of bilingual high school match the lexicon used by Spanish speakers? After discussing theoretical and methodological issues, a comparison of the available lexicons of Polish students and Spanish speakers answers this question, showing convergences and divergences, and detecting lexical gaps, which should be rectified.

8

SOCIOLINGVISTIKA A SOCIÁLNE ASPEKTY VÝSKUMU JAZYKA V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

88%

Wachtarczyková J.

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nr 3

501 – 540

EN

The article is a retrospective of the development of sociolinguistics on the pages of the Slovenská reč journal. Although sociolinguistics began to establish itself in Slovak studies only in the 1980s, the author traces social motives from the very beginning of the journal. The author identifies three developmental stages of sociolinguistics in Slovenská reč: (1) the pre-sociolinguistic stage from 1932 to 1955, (2) the implicit leitmotif-like stage from 1955 to 1979, and (3) the modern stage, characterized as its own sociolinguistic stage – from 1979 to the present day. In each period, the author introduces important social aspects resonating in the journal, recalling published works, authors, and contemporary contexts that framed the reflection on social themes in linguistic work. The third part reflects on modern sociolinguistic thinking in Slovak studies and the internal differentiation of the discipline within the Slovak language. It captures the diversity of themes and approaches in individual conceptual domains.

9

T/V FORMS OF ADDRESS, GREETING AND ADDRESSING PEOPLE WITHIN THE FAMILY

88%

Domotor A.

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tom 129

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nr 3

299-318

EN

The author of this paper investigates three interrelated phenomena of language use with respect to the family as a scene of linguistic encounters. Her questionnaire survey gives the reader a glimpse of the language use of four generations in three types of settlements. With respect to the topics indicated in the title, the analysis reveals the characteristics of the language use of the individual generations and presents the differences between them. The study is sociolinguistically-based, the author does not refer to language cultivation issues related to these topics; but she does cover phenomena that seem to contradict the existence of tendencies that are a matter of popular belief and are often commented on in the language cultivation literature.

10

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE II.

88%

Ondrejovič S.

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nr 3

243 – 264

EN

The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.

11

BILINGUALISM IN THE HITTITE EMPIRE

75%

Simon Z.

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nr 1

11-25

EN

This study provides a critical overview of the recently developed theory of Hittite-Luwian bilingualism mostly by H. Cr. Melehert, E. Rieken and Th. Van den Hout. After a short presentation of the linguistic map of Late Bronz Age Anatolia and the problem whether Hittite was a spoken language until the end of the Empire a detailed discussion of linguistic arguments of Luwian influence on Hittite grammar will follow. The third part of the study focuses on the possible historical and demographic reasons hidden behind this bilingualism.

12

SLOVÁ A MOC. PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA ZO SÚDNEHO POJEDNÁVANIA

75%

Bučičová A. , Tužinská H.

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nr 2

80 - 94

EN

This article is a part of a wider research field, which deals with relationship of language and power, as it is analysed in intersection of sociolinguistics and legal anthropology. Our data confirm that attorneys and judges hold linguistic control over witnesses and defendants through the interrogation process. In this, questions are used as weapons for the purpose of testing or challenging claims, and as mechanisms for making accusations. In the search of inconsistencies judges are usually unaware of standard failures of human memory. We argue that the search for internal coherence of the account, its external consistency with 'objective evidence', and its 'inherent implausibility' is linked with prejudices or lack of understanding, especially when the person whose credibility is being assessed comes from a cultural and political background very different from the assessor.