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PL
Młodzież stanowi znaczący segment rynku dla wielu przedsiębiorstw wytwarzających i sprzedających produkty markowe. Są one reklamowane dość intensywnie i postrzegane przez młodzież jako rzeczy godne posiadania. Produkty markowe stają się przedmiotem pożądania wyrażanego w różnym stopniu. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań aspiracji zakupowych i konsumpcyjnych przeprowadzonych wśród licealistów wybranych ośrodków wielkomiejskich. Badano przyczyny aspiracji, rodzaje ich występowania oraz możliwości urzeczywistnienia środkami dostępnymi młodzieży. Badaniem objęto próbę 260 uczniów z pięciu szkół, które znalazły się zarówno na wysokich jak i niskich pozycjach rankingowych wśród najlepszych liceów w 2000 roku. Wykorzystano metodę kwestionariusza ankietowego.
EN
Brand-name products make up the subject of youth consumer aspirations. This work presents the research results regarding purchase and consumer aspirations of youth in the selected urban areas. The reasons and types of aspirations were examined, as well as the possibilities of realizing them using youth's own means. The research was carried out by means of the questionnaire-driven public opinion poll.
EN
Easy-to-clean and easy-to-disinfect surfaces play a key role in keeping the right sanitary and hygienic standards in hospitals, veterinary clinics and food processing plants. In recent years, due to the development of nanotechnology, self-cleaning and self-disinfecting surfaces are applied on an increasing scale. They are covered by photocatalytic surfaces made of nanomaterials (NMs) on which, upon exposure to the ultraviolet radiation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can take place. Those processes present an effective method of bacteria eradication. One of the most studied AOPs in relation to microorganism eradication is the TiO₂/ UV-process, where titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used as a photocatalyst, and the ultraviolet radiation (UV) is used as an agent generating free radicals. The high efficiency of the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria inactivation by the methods using photocatalytic properties of nano-sized TiO₂ (nano-TiO₂) contributes towards its increasing application. Disinfection based on free radicals reactions is considered to become one of the most promising tools to solve difficult problems related to hygiene and public health protection in the near future.
EN
Every year, several millions of people all over the world are diagnosed with cancer. Despite the tremendous development of medical sciences, a remarkable number of people die due to late diagnosis or ineffective cancer therapy. Since most of the tumors are highly resistant to drugs, research for new effective therapy methods is continuing. Great expectations for a breakthrough in the fight against cancer are attributed to nanotechnology. A new interdisciplinary field of science dealing with the creation of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials (NMs) that are variously applied, e.g. in nanomedicine. NPs and NMs have gained an increased consideration in cancer therapy in recent years, performing as carriers of medicine, as well as photo- or sonosensitisers, compounds generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed by ultraviolet light (UV) excitation or ultrasound (US) activation, respectively. Targeted therapy is based upon the attachment of specific ligands or antibodies to nanoparticles. This process guarantees not only increased therapy efficiency, but it also lowers the cytoand genotoxicity of the active compound towards the healthy cells. Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) presents an example of a substance with an increasing role in the eradication of tumor cells. Currently, studies are conducted to examine its application, i.e. in the cancer fighting photo- and sonodynamic therapies.
EN
In hospitals, veterinary clinics and food processing plants, infectious agents have emerged that are increasingly resistant to applied drugs and disinfection procedures. Therefore, at present it is even more vital to develop and implement new, more effective methods of their inactivation. An example of the most recent solutions in this field is the application of photocatalysis. Among those processes of photocatalysis that have been most studied in the context of their ability to eradicate viruses, prions, bacteria and moulds are TiO₂/UV, ZnO/UV and MgO/UV, where, respectively, titanium dioxide (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) are used as photocatalysts after they have been powdered into nanoparticles (NPs), whereby the ultraviolet radiation (UV) is used as an agent generating free radicals. Nano-sized oxides of titanium, zinc and magnesium are applied to create thin photocatalytic films covering various surfaces that thereby display self-disinfecting properties. The susceptibility of infectious agents to photocatalytic processes presents the following order: (viruses = prions) > gram-negative bacteria > gram-positive bacteria > yeasts > moulds. In the light of the most recent studies, photocatalysis seems to be a very promising tool to help overcome problems related to hygiene and public health protection.
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PL
Rozwarstwienie jest jedną z najpoważniejszych chorób aorty. Nową metodą leczenia rozwarstwienia aorty jest technika endowaskularna. Celem pracy jest ocena skuteczności leczenia endowaskularnego rozwarstwień aorty typu B oraz częstości powikłań i śmiertelności związanych z zastosowaniem tej techniki. Materiał i metoda: U 33 pacjentów na podstawie badania angiograficznego lub TK rozpoznano rozwarstwienie aorty, typu A u 2 (6,1%) i typu B u 31 (93,9%). U 11 pacjentów (33,3%) zastosowano leczenie z wykorzystaniem trzech typów stent-graftów: Zenith (2 protezy - 13,3%), Talent (11 protez - 73,3%) i Valiant (2 protezy - 13,3%). W 3 przypadkach zaistniała konieczność zastosowania więcej niż jednego stent-graftu (u dwóch pacjentów po 2 stent-grafty, u jednego 3). Średnica proksymalnego końca implantowanego stent-graftu wynosiła od 34 do 42 mm (średnia 37,6 ± 3,44 mm), natomiast długość wahała się w granicach od 130 do 230 mm (średnia 183,6±37,42 mm). U 4 pacjentów (36,4%) w trakcie implantacji konieczne było częściowe, a u 2 (18,2%) całkowite pokrycie odejścia LSA. Wyniki: U jednego pacjenta (9,1%), nastąpił zgon w 13 dobie po implantacji. Zabieg endowaskularny w 9,1% był powikłany wystąpieniem endoleaku typu II, w 18,2% zespołem poimplantacyjnym, w 9,1% przeciekiem do lewej jamy opłucnowej wymagającym implantacji drugiego stent-graftu. W jednym przypadku w celu uniknięcia powikłań neurologicznych i zespołu podkradania zastosowano rewaskularyzację LSA. Wnioski: Zastosowanie stent-graftów wychodzi naprzeciw ogólnemu dążeniu do minimalizacji rozległości i traumatyzacji zabiegów chirurgicznych, redukcji liczby około- i pooperacyjnych powikłań, skrócenia czasu hospitalizacji i rekonwalescencji.
EN
Aortic dissection is one of the most catastrophic aortic disease. Endovascular technique using endovascular prostheses called stent-grafts offers less invasive new method. purpose: Assessment of endovascular aortic dissection type B treatment effectiveness, complications and mortality frequency associated with this technique. Material and methods: Among 33 patients aortic dissection diagnosis was established on the basis of angiography and CT; type A – 2 patients (6.1%) and type B – 31 (93.9%). 11 patients (33.3%) underwent endovascular stent-grafts implantation procedures using 3 types of grafts: Zenith (2 prostheses – 13.3%), Talent (11 prostheses – 73.3%) and Valiant (2 pros - theses – 13.3%). There was necessity of implantation of more than one stent-graft in 3 cases (2 patients – 2 stent-grafts, one patient – 3 stent-grafts). The diameter of proximal end of stent-graft ranged from 34 to 42 mm (mean 37.6 ± 3.44 mm), length – from 130 to 230 mm (mean 183.6 ± 37.42 mm). 4 patients (36.4%) needed partial, and 2 – complete coverage of the LSA during implantation. Results: One patient (9.1%) died on the 13 th day after implantation. Endovascular procedure in 9.1% was complicated by endoleak type II, in 18.2% - post - implantation syndrome, in 9.1% leakage to the left pleural cavity requiring second stent-graft implantation. The LSA revascularization was performed in one patient in order to avoid neurological complications and steal syndrome Conclusions: Endovascular technique is promising strategy of aortic dissection type B treatment. Stent-graft application faces up to general aspiration to minimize extension and traumatization of surgical procedures, to reduce peri- and postoperative complications, decrease hospitalization and convalescence period.
EN
Veterinary students taking part in practical classes on “Hygiene of food of animal origin” course were tested on taste and odor identification as well as color differentiation. The results were subjected to statistical analysis to: (a) evaluate the influence of sex, smoking, time of day and status of health declared by the students on the results of tests; (b) determine the number of individuals who may fail the tests on taste and odor identification as well as color differentiation; (c) evaluate whether the sensory acuity of veterinary students changed in the 40 years of observation. The study involved 3310 students. A test for taste and odor identification was performed according to Polish Standard (PN-65/A-04021). The test for color differentiation was carried out using Rabkin color plates. The results of the study were elaborated using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there are significant differences between numbers of individuals assessed positively in particular experimental groups. The significance of the effect of experimental factors on the number of correctly identified samples was determined using analysis of variance. It was found that sex and smoking exerted a statistically significant effect (p < 0.01) on the number of subjects assessed positively and the number of correctly identified samples in three conducted tests. Female students more often than male students were assessed positively and correctly identified larger number of samples in all conducted tests. Nonsmokers obtained better results than smokers in all performed comparisons (significant difference at p < 0.01). It is worth noting that only 65.9% of students passed all three tests, and 1.3% of them did not pass any. In this last group were only men. The analysis of variance indicated that as time passed (since 1975 to 2015) sensory acuity of veterinary medicine students has increased.
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