Children require special attention in the field of medico-social. After the World War I infant mortality reached a high value and solution to this problem had gained more and more to its timeliness. In the postwar period the International Red Cross in cooperation with the Czechoslovak government has provided important support for children. American Red Cross began the preventive examinations of children and health education work. Gradually based counselling, which provided care for mothers and children, records of children sick with tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. These consultations formed the basis of socio-medical care for children.
Various categories of health workers provided care for the health of the population in the past. Midwives occupied an important place in this field. On the basis of study of archive materials and literature from the period, the author deals with the beginnings of institutionalized preparation of midwives, the activity of Dr. Ján Ambro, who significantly contributed to improving care for mothers, the activity of midwives and their contribution to care for the health of mothers and children. Special attention is devoted to schools for midwives and the reform of obstetrics.
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