Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Podatek od nieruchomości w zewnętrznych strefach obszarów metropolitalnych Polski Zachodniej

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Kotlinska J. , Nowak M. J.

Problemy Rozwoju Miast

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2010

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tom 07

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nr 4

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie, jak w zewnętrznych strefach obszarów metropolitalnych Polski Zachodniej kształtuje się polityka podatkowa w odniesieniu do podatku od nieruchomości, tj. jakie występują w tym zakresie tendencje oraz z czego wynikają ewentualne różnice. Do celów artykułu uzyskano informacje nt. wysokości stawek podatku od nieruchomości, przyporządkowanych różnym rodzajom nieruchomości w strefach zewnętrznych obszarów metropolitalnych. Uzyskane dane zostały opracowane metodami statystycznymi.

EN

The purpose of this paper is to determine how the taxation policy in respect of the property tax is shaped in the external zones of the metropolitan areas of Western Poland, i.e. what tendencies dominate and what are the reasons of tax differences. The authors obtained data on the property tax rates, assigned to various types of real estates applicable in the external zones of the metropolitan areas. The data were processed by statistical methods.

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Modulation of the NMDA receptor influences the cocaine-induced place preference in rats

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Biala G. , Kotlinska J.

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nr 3

3

Metabotropic groupe glutamate receptors (mGluR) antagonist attenuate cocaine-induced toxicity and cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice

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Bochenski M. , Kotlinska J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2009

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tom 69

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nr 3

EN

Cocaine abuse and dependence is a worldwide health problem. However, there are no currently approved medications to reduce cocaine abuse/relapse and toxicity. Published data showed that group I mGluR antagonists (mGluR1 and mGluR5) possess an anti-addictive potential in various animal models of cocaine abuse. In the present study we assessed the impact of mGluR1 antagonist – EMQMCM and mGluR5 antagonist – MTEP on the cocaine-induced toxicity (lethality) in mice. Moreover, we evaluated the infl uence of these antagonists on motivational effect of cocaine measured in the sensitization test to its hyperlocomotor effect in mice. Our study indicated that EMQMCM and MTEP, at the doses of 2.5; 5, and 10 mg/kg, dose-dependently decreased cocaine-induced lethality produced by 75 mg/ kg of cocaine. The effect of EMQMCM was stronger than MTEP, and EMQMCM at the dose of 10 mg/kg completely reduced the lethality induced by cocaine. Furthermore, EMQMCM but not MTEP, signifi cantly reduced the expression of cocaine-induced (10 mg/kg) behavioral sensitization. Our results suggest that mGluR1 receptors are implicated in motivational effect of cocaine but both receptors (particularly mGluR1) play a role in cocaine-induced toxicity.

4

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ - more than one peptide

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Suder P. , Kotlinska J. , Smoluch M. T. , Sallberg M. , Silberring J.

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nr 3

5

Influence of C-terminal fragment of CART peptide on behavioral actions of morphine

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Dylag T. , Kotlinska J. , Rafalski P. , Grzebisz A. , Silberring J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 3

6

Influence of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) on naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal signs in rats

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Listos J. , Lupina M. , Talarek S. , Mazur A. , Kotlinska J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2017

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tom 77

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nr Suppl.1

EN

INTRODUCTION: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), named as gliptins, are a class of oral antihyperglycemic drugs. They block enzyme – DPP-4, elevating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level. Commonly DPP-4 inhibitors are used to treat diabetes mellitus. An increasing number of data demonstrate that GLP-1 acts as neuropeptide in brain. The exact mechanism of GLP-1 in brain is unclear. It has been demonstrated, that GLP-1 is bound to presynaptic receptors on glutamatergic terminals facilitating glutamate release, without triggering direct postsynaptic effects. GLP-1 is involved in food intake and GLP-1 receptors are located in mesolimbic structures so it is possible that GLP-1 modulators may be involved in addiction. AIM(S): In the present experiment the influence of DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, on morphine withdrawal signs was studied in rats. METHOD(S): Morphine dependence in rats was obtained by administration of increasing doses of morphine, for 8 days. On the 9th day, the subsequent dose of morphine was injected. 1 hour later, naloxone was administered for induction of morphine withdrawal signs in rats. Then, animals were placed into cylinders and number of jumpings was recorded. In order to evaluate the influence of GLP-1 on the expression of morphine withdrawal signs, linagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) was administered in rats on the 9th day of the experiment, before the morphine dose. In order to assess the effect of GLP-1 on the acquisition of morphine withdrawal signs, linagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg) was injected once a day for 8 consecutive days, before morphine injection. RESULTS: In the present study we demonstrated that linagliptin significantly and dose-dependently reduced the expression of morphine withdrawal signs in rats, and only higher dose of linagliptin markedly reduced the acquisition of morphine withdrawal signs in animals. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides that DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, may be considered as a valuable tool in searching for new strategies in therapy of morphine dependence. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: The study was financed by funds of Medical University of Lublin.

7

Are delta opioid recetors involved in the rewarding action of cocaine in rats?

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Pachuta A. , Gibula-Bruzda E. , Kunce D. , Izdebski J. , Kotlinska J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2009

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tom 69

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nr 3

EN

Delta opioid receptors are involved in modulation of nociception, thermoregulation, locomotor activity and rewarding properties of drugs of abuse. The new analog of deltorphin – DK-4 is a peptide with high affi nity to delta opioid receptors in mouse vas deference bioassay. The aim of our study was to indicate whether delta opioid receptors are involved in the rewarding effects of cocaine. Therefore, we tested infl uence of (1) opioid receptor antagonists (μ, κ, δ) on the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP); and (2) infl uence of DK-4 on the cocaine reinstatement of CPP (Sleipness et al. 2007). Rats were conditioned daily with cocaine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), tested on the 6th day (the expression of CPP), and then retested for 9 days to monitor the extinction of the CPP. On the day 10 animals were treated with a single injection of cocaine (5 mg/kg) or DK-4 (5, 10 nmol, i.c.v.) to reinstate the CPP. Our results indicated that naltrindole – a delta opioid receptor antagonist decreased cocaine rewarding effect (the expression of CPP). DK-4 increased the reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP. These studies suggest that delta opioid receptors are involved in the cocaine-induced rewarding effects.

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C-terminal fragment of cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript (CART) peptide attenuates the behavioral effects of morphine and psychostimulants

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Dylag T. , Kotlinska J. , Rafaliski P. , Grzebisz A. , Silberring J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 5