The article concerns the field of social care and social assistance in the first years of the People’s Republic of Poland provided to individuals who suffered distress during World War Two. The timeline of the paper covers the years 1944-1948. At that time, the focus of social care and social assistance was satisfying the fundamental needs of the people, in particular in environments affected by the destruction of war. It included, among others, ensuring food, health care, accommodation, education and employment. The scale of the relief provided after the war by various Polish and international institutions was unprecedented in the history of the Polish social service with one in four Poles involved i.e. over 6 million people in total.
The article describes the main sources of contemporary volunteering, i.e. the historical and social context of changes in the perception of voluntary work in the past hundred years. The year 1918 was established as the starting point, i.e. the beginning of the creation of a system of social assistance (welfare) in Poland within the resurgence of the state, the volunteers of which (then called volunteers) were a significant and distinctive element. Moreover, at the same time (1920) the foundations of modern international volunteering were laid, the father of which is commonly referred to as the Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole. Subsequent turning points are marked by the times of the People’s Republic of Poland (1944–1989), when all social activities acquired an unequivocally ideological meaning and undertaking such work was associated with expressing support for the ruling system and its political authorities. On the other hand, the times of the Third Polish Republic that began with social changes in 1989, brought the necessity to create the structures of Polish volunteering almost from the very beginnings.
PL
W artykule scharakteryzowano główne źródła współczesnego wolontariatu, tj. kontekst historyczno-społeczny przemian w zakresie postrzegania i wykonywania pracy ochotniczej w ponad stuletniej historii. Jako cezurę początkową przyjęto rok 1918, czyli moment rozpoczęcia tworzenia w Polsce systemu pomocy (opieki) społecznej w ramach odrodzonego państwa, którego wolontariusze (wówczas określani ochotnikami) byli znaczącym i wyróżniającym się sprawnością działania elementem. Ponadto w tym samym czasie (1920 r.) tworzyły się podstawy współczesnego międzynarodowego wolontariatu, którego ojcem zwykło nazywać się szwajcarskiego pacyfistę Pierra Cérésole. Kolejne cezury wyznaczają czasy Polski Ludowej (1944–1989), kiedy wszelkie czyny społeczne nabrały jednoznacznie ideologicznego znaczenia i podejmowanie się takiej pracy kojarzone było z wyrażaniem poparcia dla panującego ustroju i jego władz politycznych. Z kolei czasy III RP rozpoczęte przemianami społecznymi w 1989 r. przyniosły konieczność tworzenia, niemalże od początku, struktury polskiego wolontariatu.
The article concerns the field of social care and social assistance in the first years of the Polish People’s Republic as they were provided to individuals who suffered distress during World War Two. The timeline of the paper covers the period from 1944 to 1948. At that time, the focus of social care and social assistance was satisfying the fundamental needs of the people, in particular in environments affected by the destruction of war. It included, among others, ensuring food, health care, accommodation, education and employment. The scale of the relief provided after the war by various Polish and international institutions was unprecedented in the history of the Polish social service, covering one in four Poles, i.e. over 6 million people in total.
There are two main subjects raised in the article, meaning the development of the occupation of a social worker and the pursuit to make the work for the ones in need professional. The latter has its genesis in the actions taken in the period of annexation. Trials to nd an efficient method to help people in dealing with life crisis have not been fully achieved yet although lasting over a century. Therefore, there is a question whether and in what extend may the practice of the following decades be used to build the occupation of a social worker, which will gain a status of a profession.
In the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989), a number of organisational and ideological changes were made in the social welfare sector: most of the ways of organising help that were tested during the interwar period were replaced with new concepts, often with sad consequences for those in need. This article presents the changes that took place in the Polish social security sector in the decades after World War II. Subsequent attempts to reform the social welfare system have been shown with the use of archival materials, other historical sources and literature on the subject.
Sprawozdanie z XXII. Międzynarodowej Konferencji NaukowejSocialia 2018 – Ohrožení jedince v současné společnosti. Hradec Králové, 18–19 października 2018 r.
Aim: Presentation of the scientific profile of an outstanding historian of education, the head of the Department of History of Education at the Faculty of Educational Studies at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, who died prematurely on April 2, 2021 – Prof. Wiesław Jamrożek. Methods: An analysis and interpretation of source material. Results: Showing the main threads in the scientific, didactic and organizational work of Prof. Wiesław Jamrożek. Conclusions: The interests and research of Prof. Wiesław Jamrożek focused on the history of the educational thought and practice, mainly in the 19th and 20th centuries. They concerned such issues as: the theory and methodology of the history of education; creators of the Polish history of education; ideology and the educational activity of Polish political and social movements in the 19th and 20th centuries; education of women in the 19th and 20th centuries; the Polish pedagogical thought of the 19th and 20th centuries; civic education in the Polish lands in the 19th and 20th centuries; school reforms in Poland (from the 18th to the end of the 20th century); upbringing in the Polish family in the 19th and 20th centuries; history of adult education in Poland in the 19th and 20th centuries; birth and development of social work in Poland. Prof. Wiesław Jamrożek was an active member of many societies and organizations, a co-inspirator and the first Rector of the Lusatian University. Jana Benedykta Solfy based in Żary.
The goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.
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