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Influence of number of records on reliability of myotonometric measurements of muscle stiffness at rest and contraction

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Marusiak J. , Jarocka E. , Jaskólska A. , Jaskólski A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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tom Vol. 20, no. 3

123--131

EN

The aim of this study was to determine an effect of myotonometric records’ number on stiffness measurements’ reliability in muscles at rest and contraction. Methods: Muscle stiffness was measured using Myoton-3 device. Twenty records were taken for: (i) biceps (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) at rest and for BB at 10% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in healthy elderlies (HE) and in Parkinson’s disease patients (PD); and (ii) brachioradialis (BR) at rest and at 25, 50 and 80% MVC in healthy young (HY) subjects. Also, in HY group, the 3-records mode was used for BR’s measurements at maximal contraction. Each measurement taken with 20-records was classed into five records groups: the whole 20- and the first 15-, 10-, 5- and 3-records. Test-retest reliability for these records groups was analyzed. Results: In HE and PD group measurements’ reliability was excellent for all groups of records (20–3 records). In HY group, for the five groups of records taken at rest and submaximal levels of contraction (25, 50 and 80% MVC) the measurements reliability: (i) was mostly excellent or rarely average; and (ii) only in one per three 50% MVC conditions was unacceptable, i.e., for the 3-records group. The reliability of 3-records mode measurements at maximal contraction were unacceptable. Conclusions: Reliable myotonometric stiffness measurements in muscles at rest and during submaximal contractions can be achieved with less than 20 records (15, 10, 5 records) and even for the most of measurements with 3 records in HY and HE as well as in the PD patients. Myotonometric stiffness measurements with 3-records mode during maximal contraction were not reliable.

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Effect of a 4-week mental training on decrease in grasping force in young healthy people

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Kisiel-Sajewicz K. , Siemiatycka M. , Mencel J. , Kaminski L. , Marusiak J. , Jaskolski A. , Jaskolska A.

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2019

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tom 79

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nr Suppl.1

EN

INTRODUCTION: Not only muscle contraction, but also muscle relaxation plays an important role for performance of voluntary movements. Most of the studies have focused on muscle contraction rather than on their relaxation. Research on motor ability has established clearly that mental practice leads to improved execution of movement. AIM(S): Assessment of the effect of a four-week mental training on cortical activity related to decrease in grasping force in healthy, young people. METHOD(S): 15 healthy subjects (8 men and 7 women) between 23 to 33 years voluntarily participated in the study. Mental training (MT) lasted 4 weeks with 3 training sessions per week and cortical activity using 128‑channel EEG system was recorded in all subjects during two measurement sessions (before and after the MT). During sessions subjects performed: 3x maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC) in grasp function, 40 repetitions at submaximal level of force (20% of MVIC) during the same task and 2 × MVIC. The amplitudes of motor related cortical potentials (MRCP) of the EEG signal were analyzed in the BESA software (BESA GmbH, Germany) for electrodes placed in the areas associated with the planning and execution of movements on averaged files from 20% MVIC part of the protocol and triggered around (from ‑3 s to 1 s) decrease in grasping force. To compare the MRCP values before and after MT, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed in SPSS (IBM SPSS 22.0, USA) with the level of significant that was set at P≤0.05. RESULTS: Analysis of the MRCPs did show significant differences between relaxation amplitudes before and after the MT. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle relaxation is accompanied by activation of the premotor cortex (PM), primary motor (M1), primary and secondary somatosensory areas (S1, S2). The level of the cortical activity associated with relaxation of the muscles during precise grasp movement performed by right upper limb was higher after MT especially in the S1, S2 and PM areas compared to M1.

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Effect of motor imagery training of reaching-to-grasp on cortical activity related to motor imagery and motor execution of grasping by dominant hand in healthy people

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Mancel J. , Kaminski L. , Marusiak J. , Jaskolska A. , Jaskolski A. , Kisiel-Sajewicz K.

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2019

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tom 79

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nr Suppl.1

EN

INTRODUCTION: Motor imagery can be defined as a dynamic state during which a subject mentally simulates a given action. Conscious motor imagery and unconscious phase of motor planning potentially share common mechanisms. Voluntary movements, such as goal-directed reaching for an object, are those that are governed by motor programs and require planning. AIMS(S): The aim was to assess the effect of 4‑weeks of motor imagery training of reaching-to-grasp on cortical activity related to motor imagery of grasping (a book) and motor execution of grasping by dominant hand in healthy, young subjects. METHOD(S): 11 volunteers between 23 and 33 years participated in this study. There were: 2 measurement sessions (before motor imagery training (MIT) and after MIT) and 4‑weeks of kinesthetic MIT of reaching for a book (3 × a week) in the study’s protocol. During sessions 128‑EEG signal during motor imagery of grasping a book (MIG) and motor execution of grasping (MEG) by dominant hand was recorded. The analysis of EEG was made in BESA software and amplitudes of event related potential (ERP-related to motor imagery) and motor related cortical potential (MRCP-related to motor execution) from regions of motor programming and execution were obtained. The statistical analysis was made in SPSS software and for main comparison multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess effect between sessions, tasks and electrodes’ location with P≤0.05. RESULTS: The analysis has shown significant effect of electrodes’ location and tasks on EEG amplitude. There were no significant effect of session and interaction between factors. CONCLUSIONS: Mental training is important method to improve movements’ execution but its neural mechanisms are still unclear. Our study has shown that MIG and MEG share similar amplitude patterns in areas related to motor programming. We have observed a similar tendency to increase ERP and MRCP amplitudes as an effect of MIT.

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Moderate-intensity interval training increases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and decreases inflammation in Parkinson's disease patients

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Zoladz J. A. , Majerczak J. , Zeligowska E. , Mencel J. , Jaskolski A. , Marusiak J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2014

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tom 65

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nr 3

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Influence of dopaminergic treatment on resting elbow joint angle control mechanisms in patients with Parkinson’s disease – a preliminary report

75%

Marusiak J. , Jaskólska A. , Budrewicz S. , Koszewicz M. , Andrzejewska R. , Kisiel-Sajewicz K. , Jaskólski A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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tom Vol. 20, no. 4

75--82

EN

Heightened tonic stretch reflex contributes to increased muscle tone and a more-flexed resting elbow joint angle (EJA) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopaminergic medication restores central nervous system (CNS) functioning and decreases resting muscle electrical and mechanical activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dopaminergic medication on parkinsonian rigidity, resting EJA, resting electrical activity (electromyography, EMG) and mechanical properties (myotonometry, MYO) of elbow flexor muscles and the associations of EJA with these muscles resting electrical activity and mechanical properties in PD patients. We also evaluated a relationship between dopaminergic treatment dose and these outcome measures values. Methods: Ten PD patients (age 68 ± 10.1 years; body mass 70 ± 16.8 kg; height 162 ± 6.6 cm; illness duration 9 ± 4.5 years) were tested during medication on- and off-phases. Resting EJA, myotonometric muscle stiffness (S-MYO) and root mean square electromyogram amplitude (RMS-EMG) were recorded from relaxed biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles. Based on the above parameters, we also calculated the EJA/S-MYO ratio and EJA/RMS-EMG ratio. Parkinsonian rigidity was assessed using the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Results: EJA, EJA/S-MYO ratio, and EJA/RMS-EMG ratio were increased and S-MYO, RMS-EMG, and parkinsonian rigidity were decreased during the medication on-phase compared with the off-phase. In addition, the dopaminergic treatment dose was negatively correlated with S-MYO and RMS-EMG, and positively correlated with EJA/SMYO and EJA/RMS-EMG ratios. Conclusions: We conclude that dopaminergic medication-induced improvements in resting elbow joint angle in tested patients with PD are related to changes in their muscle electrical and mechanical properties.