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PL
The article discusses the semantics of the word fascism in explanatory dictionaries and analyzes its current use. Comparing different interpretations in dictionaries, one can see how the authors avoid mentioning a particular period in which the term fascism emerged. The important semantic features of the term fascism are racism, dictatorship, and opposition to a free society. The word fascist is used to refer to: a) a supporter of a certain ideological and political doctrine that arose and was implemented in Italy and Germany in the first half of the twentieth century, characterized by racism and chauvinism, and taking the form of dictatorship; b) a follower of racist attitudes; c) the enemy, an object of hatred; d) the enemy in children's games; e) camouflage element in the oxymoronic phrase 'liberal fascism', masking the rejection of liberal values by the speaker.
2
Content available От социологии к оценке
100%
RU
The article deals with figurative meanings of nominations of the social hierarchy relating to the upper, middle and lower strata of Russian society of the 18th and 19th centuries, and their reflection in the explanatory dictionary of the beginning of the 21st century. The use of adjectives, formed from personal nouns in the Russian National Corpus in the period 2000–2017, is analyzed.
3
Content available Пародия в анекдоте
100%
RU
The article deals with using different types of parody in jokes. The features of speech used in texts of different kinds and genres (an SMS, ad, email, prayer and opinion poll) are parodied in jokes. The purpose of parody is to imitate or discredit the original genre.
PL
The article examines the semantics of social status nominations in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The values of nouns of the nobility, peasants, serfs, merchants, courtiers, and intellectuals are analyzed. Using material from the National Russian Corpus, word combinations with these adjectives are considered, which allows us to reveal the connotations of social status. The adjective 'courtier' has formed the meaning 'close to the power and serving its interests', because it is freely combined with the names of professions whose representatives are deprived of an independent position: journalist, sociologist, director.
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