Assemblies of the medical circles ofthe Kingdom ofPoland in the years 1908 -1914 were a kind of retlexion for their activity both in undertaking and attempting at solving the contemporary salubrious problems of the country. An idea of organizing the cyclical meetings was initiated by two of the biggest centres -Warsaw and Łódź. Within first of the centres there appeared a conception of organizing the hygienists' assemblies, and within second one- an idea of the conferences for provincial doctors and apothecaries. Organization and realization of the medical circles' assemblies in the Kingdom of Poland was possible thanks to the activity and committal of the societies that also carne from outside the centres being the main ventures' organizers. In general, there were organized seven provincial assemblies. Within this number four of the assembIies were organized by the hygienists, two -by the doctors, and one -by the apothecaries. Predominatingly the ventures' organizers were: Lublin i Łódź (twice), and once: Częstochowa, Włocławek and Kalisz. None ofthe provincial assemblies took place in Warsaw. This fact stayed in accordance with the initiators' ideas that indicated the need for activating the smaller centres. The assemblies drew an attention and interest ofthe medical circles. Among others, it can be testified with a great attendance oftherepresentatives that came not only from different centres ofthe Kingdom of Poland, but also -to a low degree -from other ter- ritories ofthe Russian, Galician and Poznań sector. Subject matter, which was undertaken during the meetings, was widely discussed both in the columns of the professional periodicals and the local press.
Poziom wyposażenia dróg w Polsce w urządzenia bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego jest nadal niski. Zbyt mało uwagi poświęca się skutkom wypadków. Spośród licznych tego typu urządzeń autor opisuje dwa: osłony energochłonne i zjazdy awaryjne. Osłony energochłonne stosuje przed przeszkodami zlokalizowanymi w pobliżu jezdni, są to najczęściej podpory wiaduktów. Zjazdy awaryjne stosuje się na dużych i długich spadkach do awaryjnego zjazdu pojazdów mających problemy z hamulcami.
EN
The level of equipping of roads in Poland in traffic safety devices is still too low. Too small attention is paid to the results of accidents. The author describes two, among various, this types solutions: energy absorption barriers and emergency exits. Energy absorption barriers are used in front of the obstructions located near carriageway, usually supports of the viaducts. Emergency exits are used on big and long downgrade for emergency exit of the vehicle having problems with the breaks.