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Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy jako forma międzynarodowej wymiany handlowej produktami rolno-spożywczymi

100%

Rytko A.

2002

nr 47

The meaning of intra-industry trade should be examined in the light of the theoretical and empirical research of H. Grubel and P. Lloyd. They distinguished two types of trade: intra-industry trade and inter-industry trade. The relative importance of intra-industry exchange and inter-industry exchange depends on the degree of similarity between countries. If countries are similar with regard both to resources possessed and used technology, their exchange generally will be of intra-industry nature. In the case of intra-industry trade, economies of scale are linked to differentiation of production in conditions of imperfect competition. The method of measurement of this type of trade is employing an intra-industry trade index (IIT). In the paper, this index was calculated for agri-food products exported from Poland during the period of 1994- -1999. The results of the conducted research are as follows: the high level of IIT was obtained for such products as: carrots, sugar confectionery, coffee extracts, non-alcoholic beverages, bear, poultrymeat and its preparations, wheat flour;the products with medium level of IIT were: fresh milk, alcoholic beverages, potatoes, apples, rapeseed oil, hops, pulses, pigmeat.

Wymiana międzynarodowa przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu mięsnego czynnikiem jego rozwoju i przewagi konkurencyjnej

86%

Zuba J. , Zuba M.

nr 2

Przedstawiono wpływ wymiany międzynarodowej na zróżnicowanie istotnych efektów ekonomicznych w jednym z dwóch badanych przedsiębiorstw przemysłu mięsnego. Analizowany wpływ na zróżnicowanie był bardzo duży.

An elaboration points in examining an impact of meat enterprise participation in international exchange on its economic development and competitive position improvement. Survey concerns two meat enterprises from the same province within 1998 - 2003. Their economic-financial effectiveness was measured with system of special coefficients. Enterprise participating in international exchange significantly accelerated its economic growth and improved competitive advantage over enterprise which had at the beginning the 17 times higher assets value and over 3,3 times greater revenues comparing to the first enterprise. First enterprise applied simultaneously two economic strategies: quality (high prices and unit margin) and quantity: (high turnover and high assets rotation).

Miedzynarodowa wymiana mlodziezy

72%

P.K.

nr 04

Rozwoj i znaczenie miedzynarodowego handlu uslugami

72%

Kolodziejczak M. , Kolodziejczak W. , Pawlak K.

nr 6

18-25

In their article, the authors present development and importance of the international trade in services. There was carried out an analysis of value of sales and shares of developed countries, developing ones and those in transition in the global trade in services. The authors carried out an assessment of the importance of services in total trade turnover of particular groups of countries. They pointed out to a dynamic growth of volume of exports and imports of services after 1980 as well as differentiation of features of the trade in services in the groups of states surveyed.

В статье представлены развитие и значение международной торговли услугами. Проведен анализ стоимости товарооборота и доли развитых государств, развивающихся и находящихся в период трансформации в мировой торговле услугами. Проведена оценка значення услуг в общем торговом товарообороте отдельных групп стран. Авторы указали на динамический рост обьема зкспорта и импорта услуг после 1980 г., а также на дифференциацию характеристик торговли услугами в обследуемых группах государств.

Wrażenia botaniczne z pobytu w Danii

72%

Piotrowska H.

1958

tom 2

nr 4