Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Obraz wilka w języku francuskim

100%

Kochaniec P.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2021

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nr 21

85-95

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze the linguistic picture of a wolf in the French language. The focal issues of the study are the following: dictionary definition of a wolf, its physical features, wolf’s relationship with other animals, wolf’s habits, as well as human features attributed to a wolf. The linguistic picture of a wolf was reconstructed using the cognitive method developed by Jerzy Bartmiński. The research hypothesis assumes that the linguistic picture of a wolf is negative as this animal is commonly thought of as dangerous and threatening. However, the study has shown that positive features of a wolf (independence, intelligence, solidarity between wolves) are also linguistically present. Moreover, the French proverb on crie toujours le loup plus grand qu’il n’est (literally: “people consider a wolf to be more dangerous than it really is”) expresses the lack of objectivity towards this animal.

2

Results of studies on wolf, Canis lupus, breeding in Experimental Station in Stobnica

88%

Bereszynski A. , Jindra I. , Kraskiewicz A. , Dworakowska M. , Wieckowski J.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2003

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tom 05

EN

The basic requirement for the change in the present attitude of man towards wolves, and the guaranty that legal wolf protection in Poland will by effectively realized is the formation of ecological awareness. It is assumed that it will be possible to form a pack of wolves for the needs of the first "Wolf Park" in Poland being under development in Stobnica. "Wolf Park" permits a close and sometimes even a direct contact with this rare and mysterious animal. Parallel with the scientific function, the "Wolf Park" gives the possibility of a wide education by means of lectures, participation in seminars and by other educational forms. "Wolf Park" permits to shoot films and take photographs of animals in conditions similar to the natural ones and prepare materials for didactic and scientific purposes referring to wolves. Studies on the breeding of wolves have been uninterruptedly continued since 1996 in the Department of Zoology Agricultural University in Poznań, Experimental Station in Stobnica localized in Notecka Virgin Forest.

3

Co wywołało wilka z lasu?

75%

Nawrot R.

Zieleń Miejska

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2019

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tom Nr 7-8

42--43

PL

Wilka ludzie bali się zawsze. Przez lata przerażał ich z głębin lasu, wdzierał do koszmarów, horrorów, baśni i mitów. Teraz na dodatek wchodzi do miast. Oczy ze strachu robią się coraz większe. To bardzo groźne zjawisko, ale... dla wilka.

4

Food habits of wolves Canis lupus in Latvia

75%

Andersone Z. , Ozolins J.

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nr 3

EN

Diet of wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 in Latvia was studied from 1997 to 2001 based on 302 scats and 107 stomachs. Wild ungulates (cervids and wild boarSus scrofa) and beaverCastor fiber were the dominant prey. Cervids were found in 50% of samples (62% biomass), wild boar in 25% (21% biomass), beavers in 14% (12% biomass). Wolves selected for wild boar, especially in winter when its ratio in the diet increased to 34% from 20% in summer. It was a more common prey species in the east of the country. The ratio of beavers, small rodents and plant food was higher in summer, which resulted in a broader food niche in summer than in winter (B = 2.53 versus 1.81, respectively). The role of domestic animals in the wolf diet was minimal except for winter when they were consumed as carrion (13%). More than 1/3of all stomachs investigated were empty. The average weight of stomach contents was 972.8 g. The importance of the beaver as an alternative prey is discussed. We conclude that wolves in Latvia prey mainly on wild animals and conflicts with livestock owners are only occasional and/or local.

5

Food habits of wolves in Central Italy based on stomach and intestine analyses

75%

Pezzo F. , Parigi L. , Fico R.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

EN

We investigated wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 food habits in central Italy by examining stomach and/or intestine contents of 59 individuals. Road accident and illegal kills were main causes of the wolves' death. Ungulates represented the bulk of the diet (55% in frequency), and among them wild boar was the most important prey, followed by domestic Caprinae. Food items of domestic origin accounted for about 1/3 of all the diet. Diet composition did not vary between stomachs and intestines in spite of the higher degree of digestion of the intestines' contents. The frequent detection of numerous larvae of Diptera and/or necrophagous Coleoptera, let suppose the consumption of already dead animals, and suggests a general underestimate of the wolfs scavenging behaviour in previous studies based on scat analyses.

6

Diet of wolves in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland

75%

Smietana W. , Klimek A.

Acta Theriologica

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 3

EN

The diet of wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 was studied from October 1989 to November 1992 in the Bieszczady Mountains, southeastern Poland. A total of 221 wolf scats were collected and analyzed to determine the prey species consumed by wolves in each season. Cervids (red and roe deer) obviously predominated in wolf diet and consisted from 65% of winter biomass to 96% of summer biomass consumed. The red deer made up approximately 95% and roe deer only 5% of total cervid biomass consumed. During summer deer fawns made up 28% of total cervid biomass consumed. The wild boar constituted more significant food only during winter - 17% of biomass eaten. Among wild boars, piglets were selected and made up 66% of total wild boar biomass consumed during winter. Domestic livestock represented more significant food in winter (16% of biomass eaten) and was consumed as carrion laid out by hunters to bait wolves. Other food categories as hares, voles and insectivores played a negligible part in the wolf diet. Spring, summer and autumn diet were little diversified. Only winter diet differed significantly from other seasons for the presence of wild boar and cervids.

7

Preliminary results of breeding and formation of a native group of wolves, Canis lupus, for the first Wolves Park in Poland being actually developed

75%

Bereszynski A. , Jindra I. , Kraskiewicz A. , Pietruszynska M. , Wieckowski J.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2000

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tom 02

8

Speed and actual distances travelled by radiocollared wolves in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland]

75%

Musiani M. , Okarma H. , Jedrzejewski W.

Acta Theriologica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 4

EN

The relationship between the straight line distances (SLD), obtained from telemetry locations, and actual distances travelled by wolves Canis lupus (ADT), measured by snowtracking, was investigated in Białowieża Primeval Forest, E Poland, in winter 1995/96. Radiolocations determined at 15-min time intervals approximated the ADT by wolves reasonably well. If wolves were relocated at 0.5- to 2-h intervals, SLD can be multiplied by a correction factor of 1.3 to obtain ADT. Within the range of SLD from 1 to 10 km, they could also be converted into ADT using a regression equation: ADT = 0.34 + 1.19(SLD), with standard errors of prediction ± 0.13 to ± 0.3 km. The average travelling speed of wolves was 3.78 km/h (SD 1.23, range 1.6-6.1 km). Wolves walking the forest trails, roads and frozen rivers moved significantly faster than in the forest. Also, individuals travelling with other pack members moved faster than those walking singly.

9

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in East-Central Finland

75%

Gade-Jorgensen I. , Stagegaard R.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 4

EN

In east-central Finland, wall' Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 scats were collected from January to November 1997. The summer (May-September) and winter (October-April) diet were determined from 370 scats using four scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence, measured dry weight, relative volume and the linear regression model of Weaver (1993). An overall agreement of diet assessment was found between the methods. Moose Alees alces was far the most important prey species in both seasons, accounting for 88% (summer) and 96% (winter) of consumed mammal biomass, Other food types were: hare, beaver, badger, dog, pig, cattle, birds, small rodents, berries, insects, and fishes. The presence of domestic pig and cattle remains implied scavenging behaviour by the wolves. The inclusion of dogs leads to conflict between man and wolves. From 260 scats the summer diet of two wolf packs and the winter diet of one of the packs were determined. No notable seasonal difference in diet was found. An inter-pack difference in summer diet was found, resulting from a relatively lower exploitation of moose (69% versus 93% of consumed mammal biomass) and a corresponding wider use of secondary food types, especially hare, by one of the packs.

10

Craniometrical characteristics of wolves Canis lupus from Poland

75%

Okarma H. , Buchalczyk T.

Acta Theriologica

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 3

EN

Skulls of 145 adult wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 from two areas of the highest wolf density in Poland (78 from the Carpathian Mountains and 71 from the Białowieża Primeval Forest) were measured using 17 selected characters. Values of cranial characters measured were similar to those of previous studies from mid- dleastern Eurasia. Generally, wolf skulls were larger in the mountain than in the lowland population; males from the Carpathian Mountains were larger than that from the Białowieża Forest, however females were slightly smaller than that in the Białowieża Forest. On both areas males were larger than females, but a difference between sexes was much highly pronounced in wolves from the mountain population.

11

Wilki – metafora, porównanie, paralelizm

71%

Czyżak A.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

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2017

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nr 5

21-30

EN

The article contains interpretations of three different textes with the main theme – wolves. A poem titled Wolf by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Zbigniew Herbert’s Wolves and Autobiographical reportage Wolves by Adam Wajrak unites special literary vision of those animals – dangerous but also free and independent. Images of wolves as a base of metaphors, comparisons and parallelisms have changed during last decades simultaneously with evolution of common consiousness. Animal studies as a methodology research constitutes a collection of very useful analytic instruments for investigating traditional cultural patterns and trails of new ideas.

PL

Artykuł zawiera interpretacje trzech różnych tekstów, których głównym tematem pozostają wilki. Wiersz Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza Wilk, Wilki Zbigniewa Herberta i autobiograficzny reportaż Adama Wajraka Wilki łączy specyficzny literacki obraz tych zwierząt – niebezpiecznych, ale wolnych i niezależnych. Portrety wilków używanych jako podstawa budowania metafor, porównań i paralelizmów zmieniały się w ostatnich dekadach wraz z przemianami świadomości zbiorowej. Animal studies jako metodologia badań stanowi zbiór użytecznych narzędzi analitycznych przydatnych w śledzeniu tradycyjnych kulturowych wzorców oraz tropów nowych idei.

12

Large carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains: status and conservation problems

63%

Okarma H. , Dovchanych Y. , Findo S. , Ionescu O. , Koubek P. , Szemethy L.

Nature Conservation

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2002

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tom 59

33-39

13

Long-distance dispersal of a wolf, Canis lupus, in northwestern Europe

63%

Andersen L. W. , Harms V. , Caniglia R. , Czarnomska S. D. , Fabbri E. , Jedrzejewska B. , Kluth G. , Madsen A. B. , Nowak C. , Pertoldi C. , Randi E. , Reinhardt I. , Stronen A. V.

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nr 2

EN

Several mammal species have recolonized their historical ranges across Europe during the last decades. In November 2012, a wolf-looking canid was found dead in Thy National Park (56° 56′ N, 8° 25′ E) in Jutland, Denmark. DNA from this individual and nine German wolves were genotyped using a genome-wide panel of 22,163 canine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and compared to existing profiles based on the same marker panel obtained from northeastern Polish (n = 13) wolves, domestic dogs (n = 13) and known wolf-dog hybrids (n = 4). The Thy canid was confirmed to be a wolf from the German-western Polish population, approximately 800 km to the southeast. Access to the German reference database on DNA profiles based on 13 autosomal microsatellites of German wolves made it possible to pinpoint the exact pack origin of the Thy wolf in Saxony, Germany. This was the first documented observation of a wolf in Denmark in 200 years and another example of long-distance dispersal of a carnivore.

14

Individual quality of wolf in some Baltic state

63%

Dziedzic R. , Flis M. , Beeger S. , Wojcik M.

Acta Agrophysica

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2003

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tom 01

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nr 1[86]

15

The systematic status of the Talian wolf Canis lupus

63%

Nowak R. M. , Federoff N. E.

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nr 3

EN

In the past, the gray wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, has been recognized in Italy as either the subspecies lupus or italicus. It has also been postulated that this population has undergone introgression from the domestic dog Canis familiaris. In order to clarify these issues, multistatistical analyses were made of 10 skull measurements of 34 full grown male wolves from the Italian Peninsula, 91 other male Eurasian wolves, and 20 domestic dogs. The analyses, together with other morphological evidence and prior genetic research, support recognition of the Italian wolf as a separate subspecies, Canis lupus italicus. The same evidence indicates that the subspecies has not been affected through hybridization with the domestic dog.

16

Patterns of wolf Canis lupus predation on wild and domestic ungulates in the Western Carpathian Mountains [S Poland]

63%

Nowak S. , Myslajek R. W. , Jedrzejewska B.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 2

EN

We studied the predator-prey relationships among wolvesCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, wild ungulates, and livestock in the managed mountain forests of the Western Carpathians (S Poland). Though roe deerCapreolus capreolus dominated in the community of wild ungulates and livestock was abundant within the study area, the three wolf packs preyed mainly on red deerCervus elaphus (42% of food biomass), and next on the roe deer (33%). In both species of deer, wolves preferred killing females and juveniles more frequently than expected from their respective shares in the populations. Wild boarSus scrofa made up 4% of the food biomass, in accordance with its low share in the ungulates community. Despite the easy access of wolves to numerous unprotected sheep flocks pastured on meadows among woods, livestock constituted only 3% of the wolf food biomass. Wolves preyed mostly on sheep (88%), killing on average 34 per year. Most cases of livestock depredation occurred in August –September, on pastures located most often >50 m apart from buildings. Usually, lack of proper guarding was conducive to wolf attacks.

17

Status and diet of wolves in Greece

63%

Papageorgiou N. , Vlachos C. , Sfougaris A. , Tsachalidis E.

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tom 39

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nr 4

EN

The stomach contents of 32 wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 collected throughout Greece during autumn and winter 1991 and 1992 were examined for prey remains. Of these 28 stomachs contained measurable quantities of food. Of the 19 species that were found in the wolf diet 12 species were mammals. The main food items were goats, sheep, pigs and cows. Large wild herbivores did not play a significant role in the wolf diet. The observed consumption of grasses and fruits are important when they are available. The maximum food content in the examined stomachs was 1860 g.

18

A genetic investigation of enzyme polymorphisms shared by wolf and dog: suggestions for conservation of the wolf in Italy

63%

Lorenzini R. , Fico R.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1995

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nr 03

EN

In order to provide suggestions for conservation and management of the wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 in Italy, a total of 46 wolves from central Italy and 53 mongrel dogs were surveyed for electrophoretic variation within and among populations. Six out of 41 presumptive gene loci exhibited polymorphism in the wolf (P = proportion of polymorphic loci = 0.146, 99 per cent criterion), whilst only 3 loci were variable in the dog (P = 0.073). Expected average heterozygosity in the Italian wolf (mean He= 0.037) was comparable to values reported previously for protein variation in natural wolf populations. By contrast, the dog showed a comparatively low heterozygosity (mean He = 0.020), which may be a consequence of domestication. Nei's (1978) absolute genetic distance between wolf and dog (D = 0.012) was very similar to values reported in previous investigations, thus confirming that they are closely related forms. Relative genetic differentiation (Wright's Fst = 0.167) between wolf and dog was considerably higher than the mean genetic diversity found among several dog breeds. The Jesuits of the present genetic investigation on the wolf population from central Italy suggested that its genetic resources are quite intact. The extent of differences in allelic frequencies at loci polymorphic both in wolf and dog did not suggest substantial wolf-dog interbreeding, which has been thought to be one of the major threats to the genetic integrity of the Italian wolf population.

19

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

63%

Liu B. , Jiang Z.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

EN

From August 1998 to August 2001, 119 wolf scats were collected from the desert in a pastoral region in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The study area is the last habitat for the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii. Wolf prédation was hypothesized as a cause of the endangerment of the Przewalski's gazelle. The diet of wolf during the plant green period (June-September) and the plant withering period (October-May) were determined using three scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence, mass in scats and the ingested biomass obtained with the linear regression models of Weaver (1993). Limited to mąmmalian prey, total agreement was found between thedry weight and biomass methods, but less so between the frequency of occurrence data and other methods. Hare, yak, and small rodents were the important prey species of the wolves during the plant green period, each accounting for 33, 27, and 20%. Yak, sheep and hare were the important prey species during the plant withering period, each accounting for 53, 25, and 17%. Other food types were badger, Przewalski's gazelle, birds, reptiles, invertebrates and plants. The presence of the livestock remains in the wolf's scats may imply scavenging behavior by the wolves, because few cases of missing livestock were reported during the study. No notable seasonal difference in the diet composition of the wolves was found. The food niche of wolf during the plant green period (0.55 ± 0.02) was similar to that during the plant withering period (0.50 ± 0.02).

20

Craniometrical characteristics and dental anomalies in wolves Canis lupus from Latvia

63%

Andersone Z. , Ozolins J.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 4

EN

A total of 187 skulls (115 adult males and 72 adult females) of the wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 hunted in Latvia between 1975-1999 were measured, using 19 craniometrical parameters. General cranial characteristics were similar to those described from the wolf populations of Belarus and Poland (the difference was not statistically significant). Sexual dimorphism in skull size was determined. Most of the skull parameters from north and east Latvia appeared to be slightly larger than those from the Kurland Peninsula, being isolated by large cities, rivers and deforested lands. Also, anomalies in tooth formula were described. Deviations from the normal tooth pattern were found in 9.5% skulls. Congenital oligodonty and polydonty was found in 7.9% skulls. Polydonty was observed in 71.4% cases of tooth anomalies. Tooth anomalies were more common in males than in females.