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3
Content available Confessio im Konflikt. Eine Projektvorstellung
75%
PL
Sieć Niemieckiej Wspólnoty Badawczej „Wyznania w konflikcie. Religijne postrzeganie siebie i innego w XVII w.” ma na celu śledzenie związków pomiędzy wyrażanym w różnych mediach i w rozmaitym dyskursie postrzeganiem siebie i innego a indywidualnie i subiektywnie przeżywanymi wyznaniami religijnymi w ich nowożytnym kształcie. Dąży do wyjaśnienia wzajemnego oddziaływania aktu wyznania wiary i wykształcania się postrzegania oraz bada formy jego realizacji i wyrażania w XVII w. W tym kontekście podkreślić należy wpływ wyznania i jego wyrazu poprzez różne media, jak również jego znaczenia dla ujęć historiograficznych. The German Research Foundation Network “Confessions in conflict. Religious perception of self and others in the seventeenth century” intends to pursue the connections between medially and discursively expressed perceptions of self and others and subjective individual confessions in their early modern forms. It will illuminate the interaction of the act of confession and the formation of perception, and investigate its forms of realization and articulation in the seventeenth century. In this context the influencing factors of the confession, as medially expressed, should be emphasized just as much as its impact through historiographical reception.
EN
In the second half of the 18th century, first residences-museums were created in Poland. Old palaces were changed to adapt them for exhibitions purposes, or new buildings were erected with separate museum annexes. First such museums in Poland was established in 1802 by Stanisław Kostka Potocki at Wilanów. The museums at Nieborów, Nieśwież, Puławy, Rogalin, Gołuchów, and Kórnik followed. At first these museums were established as a response to fashion, later national and patriotic issues became prevailing reasons.
PL
W II połowie XVIII wieku rezydencje-muzea pojawiły się także w Polsce. Przebudowywano dawne pałace, adaptując je na potrzeby ekspozycyjne lub też wznoszono nowe obiekty z osobnymi pawilonami muzealnymi. Pierwsze takie muzeum w Polsce urządził w roku 1802 w Wilanowie Stanisław Kostka Potocki. Potem powstały muzea w Nieborowie, Nieświeżu, Puławach, Rogalinie, Gołuchowie i Kórniku. Początkowo obiekty te powstawały pod wpływem europejskiej mody, z czasem o ich powstawaniu zaczęły decydować względy narodowe i patriotyczne.
EN
In the 17th century, both the Turks and (much more often) the Tatars invaded Poland. According to historians, the Tatars in particular treated the Polish Republic as an area of economic exploitation. Its most severe form was the forced captivity of inhabitants of the south-eastern borderlands. This was documented by diarists and memorialists of Polish seicento, including Jan Florian Drobysz Tuszyński, Mikołaj Jemiołowski, Joachim Jerlicz, Samuel Maskiewicz, Zbigniew Ossoliński, and Kazimierz Sarnecki. They drew attention to the mass character of the Tatar-Turkish thraldom: not only soldiers but also many civilians were kidnapped by the Tatars, who benefited from human trafficking and thus made them captives. The authors of the diaries documented the circumstances of the attacks, including the time and routes taken by the looters. They drew attention to the state of the captives and reconstructed the human martyrdom.
EN
This article discusses a largely overlooked aspect of the last work by Johannes Broscius (1585−1652), his Apologia pro Aristotele et Euclide contra Petrum Ramum et alios of 1652. While the past researchers focused their attention on the evaluation of Broscius’s contribution to mathematics, geometry in particular, they ignored the socio-scientific aspect of his work, that is the way Peter Ramus and his followers have been presented and how did the dark legend of Ramus have been thus revived at the Central-European university in the middle of 17th century. I am showing types of rhetorical arguments employed by Broscius and analyse the way he portrayed Ramus and depicted events related to the reception of Ramism at the Academy of Cracow. The article is followed by an appendix which contains a critical edition of excerpts from the manuscript rough draft of Apologia which has been preserved until nowadays (Jagiellonian Library MS. 3205 I). In the apparatus I identify the references and show how Broscius rewrote and rearranged the original paragraphs of his anti-Ramist work.
11
Content available remote Through the Body: Chiromancy in 17th-Century England
63%
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2019
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tom 32(1)
33-44
EN
Through the Body: Chiromancy in 17th-Century England The early modernity inherited the ancient and medieval conviction that normally hidden knowledge about fellow humans could be obtained by an inspection of particular parts of their bodies. It was the hand that was considered especially informative, as it contained lines and other natural marks that were supposed to form a kind of alphabet that could disclose the “Inclinations, the Motions of the Soul, the Vertues and Vices”, and were even capable of revealing the examined person’s future. The present article explores the English boom in chiromancy in the 17th century, which saw new editions of old authorities as well as new treatises by, for instance, Richard Saunders and George Wharton, whose chiromantic texts aimed at elevating palmistry to the status of science that pursued the ancient nosce te ipsum philosophy. The striking feature of chiromancy was its preoccupation with the material and the bodily. Each chiromantic session was in fact a kind of sym- bolic dissection that consisted in identifying, naming and interpreting particular anatomical parts of the hand. Furthermore, palmists had to consider all unique physical attributes of their clients’ hands, whose varied size and shape – together with palm lines’ length, depth, colour, straightness or crookedness – always had to be taken into account. Chiromancy was thus founded on acknowledgment and contemplation of variety and changeability observable in the human bodies, which provided access to knowledge about humanity.
PL
Przedmiotem opisu są zwierzęta występujące w wierszach Potockiego, poety żyjącego w XVII wieku. Autorka zestawiła słownik nazw zwierząt liczący 198 leksemów użytych 2000 razy. Stwierdziła, że dominują zwierzęta żyjące w Polsce, znane poecie z osobistego kontaktu. W tekstach nazwy te były wykorzystywane do wartościowania człowieka.
EN
The present study concentrates on animal names mentioned in the poems by Wacław Potocki who lived in the XVII century. The author of the present article has compiled a dictionary of animals which consists of 198 lexical items used 2000 times. She has observed that the predominant category belongs to animals found in Poland and which the poet was well familiar with. In his texts the names of animals denote the value of man.
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