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EN
In this study, we tried to estimate the effectiveness of the antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) without the destruction of tumour cells. Chlorin e6 in concentrations from 0.05 to 1.0 µg/mL and total dose of light 100 J/sq.cm were used. Samples from different tumours were tested for a presence of bacteria. Next, cells from the same tumours were treated with chlorin e6-PDT, chlorin e6, and light alone, or not treated. The survival rate was counted, and the cells were injected back into the animals. PDT caused the eradication of bacteria such as Proteus sp., Streptococcus α-haemolyticus, and others: the specimen became aseptic. After Ce6-PDT treatment and in control groups, tumour growth was observed in all rats 7-10 d after transplantation. The tumours were palpable and macroscopically visible. Our studies showed that PDT kills bacterial flora without the destruction of tumour cells. Thus, tumour cells free of bacteria could be used for other experiments.
EN
Acquired drug resistance of tumor cells is frequently observed in cancer patients un­dergoing chemotherapy. We studied murine leukemia L1210 cells sensitive and resis­tant to the cytotoxic action of cisplatin and showed that cisplatin-resistant leukemia cells were also refractory to TGF /β1-dependent growth inhibition and apoptosis. Ad­dressing the question about the mechanisms responsible for the cross-resistance to cisplatin and TGF /β1, we found that cisplatin- and TGF /β1-resistant L1210 cells pos­sessed a decreased expression of type I TGF /β1 receptor, while the expression of type II TGFβ1 receptor was not affected. Western blot analysis of Smad proteins 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, which participate in signal transduction pathway down-stream of the TGF /β1 receptors, revealed an increased expression of Smad 6, inhibiting TGF β1 action, only in cisplatin- and TGFβ1-resistant L1210 cells. TGFβ1 and especially the cytotoxic mis­tletoe agglutinin increased Smad 6 expression in TGF β1-sensitive but not in TGF /β1-resistant L1210 cells. TGF /β1-resistant L1210 cells also differed from TGF /β1-sensitive cells by the lack of expression of the pro-apoptotic p53 protein and higher level of expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Thus, the described co-expression of tumor cell refractoriness to an anti-cancer drug and to the inhibitory cytokine TGF β1 is accompanied by multiple changes in the TGF β1 signal transduction pathway and in other regulatory systems of the target cells. Besides, we found that various anti-tumor drugs and cytotoxic plant lectins increased the level of TGF β1 expression in both TGF β1-sensitive and -resistant L1210 cells. A hypothesis is proposed that TGF β1 can at least partly mediate the effect of cell-stressing agents and, thus, the development of TGF β1 resistance may be responsible for the appearance of tumor cell refractoriness to the action of some anti-cancer drugs.
EN
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors is a major cause of failure in antitumor chemotherapy. This type of crossresistance is due to the expression of ABC transporter glycoproteins actively effluxing the drug from the cells against the concentration gradient at the expense of metabolic energy, thus preventing the accumulation in cells of therapeutic concentration of active agents. In this review strategies for overcoming this adverse phenomenon are discussed. They comprise the control of expression of MDR glycoprotein transporters and control of the functioning of the expressed transporter proteins. The latter approach is discussed in more detail, comprising the following general strategies: (i) development of compounds that are not substrates of efflux pump(s), (ii) use of agents that inactivate (inhibit) MDR proteins, (iii) design of cytostatics characterized by fast cellular uptake, surpassing their mediated efflux, (iv) use of compounds competing with the drug for the MDR protein-mediated efflux. Positive and negative aspects of these strategies are analysed, with special attention put on strategy based on the use of MDR modulators in combination therapy, allowing the restoration of cytotoxic activity of clinical cytostatics towards resistant tumor cells.
EN
Extracellular matrix components of benign ovarian tumours (cystadenoma, adenofibroma, cystadenofibroma) were analysed. The investigated tumours contained twice as much collagen than control ovarian tissues. Significant alterations in mutual quantitative relationships between collagens of various types were observed. The proportion of type I collagen decreased and that of type III collagen increased. The accumulation of collagen was accompanied by a reduction in sulphated glycosaminoglycan content whereas the amount of hyaluronic acid was not changed. Dermatan sulphate was the most abundant glycosaminoglycan component. It is suggested that the accumulation of collagen (natural barrier to the migration of tumour cells) and underexpression of glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans (binding some growth factors and interleukins) may exert an inhibitory effect on tumour growth.
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