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Of minds and men – computers and translators

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Martín R. M.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

2016

tom 52

nr 2

351-381

Translation process research (TPR) efforts seem at times unconcerned with the theoretical foundations they need to interpret their results. A pervasive theoretical approach within TPR has been the mind-as-computer view. This approach has fostered both mechanistic and functional explanations of the translation process, including semantic notions of meaning, unrealistic constructs of the mental lexicon, and reified notions of equivalence. Some consequences of the approach are illustrated with discussions in the realm of translation quality assessment (automated and combined metrics, rubrics based on error categorization, and the impact of human variables and factors) and the monitor model hypothesis and its recent developments. Alternative approaches that draw from 4EA cognition are sketched that suggest that meaning is encyclopedic; that it is a process that cannot be measured; that the mental lexicon is only an abstraction of a part of (world-) knowledge; and that the tendency to choose default translations follows from the very structure of the brain/mind and the minimax principle.

Využití kontrastivní analýzy v kritice překladu na příkladu textů Evropské unie

100%

Nováková E.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2019

tom 10

nr 1

26-51

The aim of the present paper is to illustrate possible strategies to assess translation quality and functional equivalence with the methods of contrastive analysis. The study is therefore related to relationships between the two autonomous, yet tightly interrelated disciplines of linguistics and translation studies, and it seeks to contribute to the discussion on whether and how translation criticism might profit from the linguistic point of view on source and target texts originating in typologically different language systems. The corpus of data consists of English and Czech versions of the European Union official documents representing specific text types that, due to hybridity of their forms and functions, address a heterogeneous group of recipients, i.e., both EU officials and the European general public. The English texts are analysed with respect to the occurrences of nominal expressions, as these are assumed to be the prominent stylistic markers of the administrative texts as well as an inherent systemic feature of the English language, and the individual instances of nominalizations are contrasted with their authentic Czech equivalents. The analysis based on the text-oriented contrastive approach aims at assessing the (non-)adequacy of possible equivalents regarding the requirements on their functionality within the selected genre.

Stories Behind Words of Emotions: Ways to Assess the 1076 Kyivan Literary Monument in Contemporary Ukrainian and English Translations

72%

Shmiher T.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio N – Educatio Nova

2018

nr 3

The author discusses emotion terms through the prism of interlingual and intralingual translation. The prototype analysis applied expands the lexicographic interpretation of emotion terms by involving the reader’s psychological experience. The model of a sociological analysis of emotions by J.E. Stets and J.H. Turner reveals how dictionaries influence users’ mentality, and what is the correlation of the semantic features described in the dictionary and those present in the original. The presented descriptive criteria will stimulate approaches in search of guidelines for further evaluative interpretation and of emotion terms.

Autor omawia pojęcia emocji przez pryzmat tłumaczenia międzyjęzykowego i wewnątrzjęzykowego. Zastosowana prototypowa analiza rozszerza leksykograficzną interpretację terminów emocji, angażując doświadczenie psychologiczne czytelnika. Model socjologicznej analizy emocji J.E. Stetsa i J.H. Turnera pokazuje, w jaki sposób słowniki wpływają na mentalność użytkowników i jaka jest korelacja cech semantycznych opisanych w słowniku oraz tych, które występują w oryginale. Przedstawione kryteria opisowe będą stymulować podejście w poszukiwaniu wytycznych do dalszej interpretacji ewaluacyjnej i terminów emocji.