This article explores the problems which occur when teaching the translation of functional texts into a foreign language (from Polish into German). The article especially focuses on lexicalterminological and pragmatic translation mistakes, their causes, and strategies for avoiding them. One of the biggest challenges when translating into a foreign language is to use correct and adequate equivalents. The authors argue that the competences needed for this task should be taught as early as possible during translation training. The authors have therefore analysed texts translated by BA translation students and have chosen examples which represent the most frequent categories of mistakes, e.g. word-to-word translation, breaching the target language‘s conventions, and (inter)cultural problems. The solutions proposed are based on functional translation theory and translation criticism, and also take into account the classifications of mistakes used in translation didactics.
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The article analyzes the results of a translation exercise used as an element of needs analysis to assess translation competences (as defined by EMT programme) of 30 M.A. translation trainees commencing an English-Polish translation course. It analyzes translation samples of selected sentences from a travelogue narrative, with specific translation problems (collocations, passive voice structures, a cleft sentence with a passive gerund) in terms of translation mistakes as defined by Hejwowski. An analysis of the samples shows that a translation exercise, if properly selected, allows to identify translation trainees’ translation competences and translation mistakes, and may be helpful in designinga translation course and as an element of action research approach applied during the course.
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