Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Mercury distribution in muscles and internal organs of the juvenile and adult Baltic cod (Gadus morrhua callarias Linnaeus, 1758)

100%

Kwaśniak J. , Falkowska L.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 2

65-71

EN

Cod (Gadus marrhua L), a fish caught in the Baltic Sea, is very popular with consumers. Research on the distribution of mercury in cod tissues and organs was conducted on a group of adult (27) and juvenile (49) individuals in the years 2006-09. Total mercury concentration values in mature cod were always, on average, 1.7 times higher than those in juveniles. The highest HgT concentrations were found in the heart, while the lowest ones were found in the gills and gonads. The essential age-specific differences manifest in a relationship between the mercury concentration in fish muscles and brain. Mature individuals, i.e. of length >80 cm, accumulated Hg in muscles, most likely in an attempt to protect the nervous system from toxic exposure. In young individuals, more mercury was concentrated in the brain than in the muscles.. The distribution of HgT in organs as well as the low value of the [HgT]liver/[HgT]muscle ratio testify to relatively low-level mercury contamination in southern Baltic waters.

2

Determination of total mercury in fish and Cormorant using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry

86%

Konieczka P. , Misztal-Szkudlinska M. , Namiesnik J. , Szefer P.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2010

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tom 19

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nr 5

EN

One of the most frequently used methods for determining total mercury content in biological samples is cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), which is extensively used in the biomonitoring of environmental pollution. Seabirds are often used as bioindicators of metal contamination because of their specific feeding habits, wide geographical ranges and long lifespan. This paper describes the validation of CV-AAS for determining the total mercury content in biological samples (whole fish, cormorant tissues). The development and optimization of the procedure is outlined, and the main objective of this study was to calculate its validation parameters. The selectivity of the method was documented; linearity (r>0.993) ranged from 0.29 to 100 ng of total mercury per sample mass. For a total Hg content of 80-1,000 ng, a polynomial calibration curve derived directly the Lambert-Beer law was used. The method showed good recoveries (average 98.0%) and a relative standard deviation for repeatability of < 10%. The limit of detection was calculated at 0.096 ng of total Hg per sample mass. The uncertainty budget was evaluated according to the ‘Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement’ (GUM) [1]; the relative expanded uncertainty was estimated at < 13%.

3

Determination of total mercury in urine by CV AAS

86%

Gazewski A. , Trzcinka-Ochocka M. , Brodzka R.

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nr 1

4

Mercury in immature and adults Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) wintering on the Gulf of Gdansk area

72%

Szumilo E. , Szubska M. , Meissner W. , Beldowska M. , Falkowska L.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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tom 42

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nr 3

5

Contents of methylmercury and total mercury in Baltic Sea fish and fish products

72%

Barska I. , Skrzynski I.

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2003

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nr 3

6

Fluxes and balance of mercury in the inner Bay of Puck, Southern Baltic, Poland: an overview

72%

Boszke L.

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nr 3

EN

The aim of the study was to analyse the balance of mercury (Hg), i.e. the content of this metal, its inflow and outflow, in the ecosystem of the Bay of Puck. Based on literature data and the results of the author’s own study, this analysis has shown that the main source of Hg pollution is the atmosphere. An estimated 1.1–3.8 kg of Hg enters annually from the atmosphere, whereas the mass of Hg carried there by river waters per annum is about 7 times lower (0.13–0.44 kg year−1). The 0.9 –2.7 kg year−1 of Hg released from Bay of Puck waters to the atmosphere is of the same order as the quantity deposited from the atmosphere. The total amount of Hg deposited in the upper (0–5 cm deep) layer of the sediments has been estimated at 240–320 kg, its rate of entry being c. 2.25–2.81 kg year−1. 0.25–1.25 kg year−1 of Hg are released from the bottom sediments to bulk water, while 0.61–0.97 kg remains confined in aquatic organisms, including 133 g in the phytobenthos, 2.6 g in the zooplankton, 420–781 g in the macrozoobenthos and 34 g in fish.

7

Mercury in grain size fractions of aggregates and extractive waste from hard coal mining

58%

Klojzy-Karczmarczyk B.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2017

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tom T. 33, z. 4

108--123

EN

Hard coal production is closely linked to the generation of significant quantities of extractive waste that require further use, in practice recognized as waste or as a raw material. It is therefore important to seek further or improve existing methods of waste material management. Studies conducted in earlier works have shown that it is possible to obtain a low-sulfur grain size fraction (grain class) so that it can be used in excavations requiring reclamation by filling. The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to determine the mercury content in hard coal mining by-products. The presence of mercury in the waste material is known and documented in the literature. However, the level of the content of this element in aggregates or wastes is important. This paper presents the problem of determining the minimum size of rock fractions meeting the specified limits for mercury content above which the material can be considered as safe are used to fill post-mining excavations. The total mercury content was determined using the classical atomic absorption method for all the collected and isolated samples (Altec AMA-254 analyzer). The total mercury content of the samples in the analytical state (Hga) was determined. Laboratory research included waste material directly from production (mining and processing of rock) from the one of the hard coal mine USCB. Coal sludge (silt) (after dewatering on filter presses) and 13 aggregates samples were analyzed, and then separated into 15 grain size fractions. The mercury determination method used in the study allowed its content in the range of 0.0568 to 0.0787 mg/kg, on an average mean of 0.0649 mg/kg (average moisture of the samples – 4.3%). On the other hand, the total mercury content of all the fractions extracted from 13 samples of aggregates showed a high variability in the content of this element, with a noticeable tendency of decreasing mercury content along with the increase in grain size. [...]

PL

Wydobycie węgla kamiennego jest ściśle związane z wytwarzaniem znaczących ilości odpadów wydobywczych, wymagających dalszego wykorzystania, uznanych w praktyce za odpad lub jako surowiec. Istotne jest zatem poszukiwanie kolejnych lub doskonalenie już istniejących metod zagospodarowywania materiału odpadowego. Badania przeprowadzone we wcześniejszych pracach wykazały, że istnieje możliwość uzyskania frakcji ziarnowej (klasy ziarnowej) o niskiej zawartości siarki, tak aby możliwe było zagospodarowanie jej w wyrobiskach wymagających rekultywacji poprzez wypełnienie. Celem badań przedstawionych w prezentowanej pracy jest natomiast określenie zawartości rtęci w produktach ubocznych wydobycia węgla kamiennego. Występowanie rtęci w materiale odpadowym jest znane i udokumentowane w literaturze. Istotny jest jednak poziom zawartości tego pierwiastka w kruszywach czy odpadach. W prezentowanej pracy określono wymiary minimalne dla frakcji materiału skalnego spełniającej określone wartości graniczne pod kątem zawartości rtęci, powyżej której materiał można uznać za bezpieczny, jako kruszywo przeznaczone do wypełnienia wyrobisk poeksploatacyjnych. Dla wszystkich pobranych i wydzielonych próbek oznaczono zawartość całkowitą rtęci z zastosowaniem klasycznej metody absorpcji atomowej (analizator AMA-254 firmy Altec). Oznaczano zawartość rtęci całkowitej w próbkach w stanie analitycznym (Hga). Badaniami laboratoryjnymi objęto materiał odpadowy bezpośrednio z produkcji (wydobycia i przerobu materiału skalnego) z jednej z kopalń węgla kamiennego GZW. Analizie poddano muły węglowe (po odwadnianiu na prasach filtracyjnych) oraz łącznie 13 prób kruszywa, po czym rozdzielono je na 15 frakcji ziarnowych. Zastosowana w pracy metoda oznaczania rtęci pozwoliła na wykazanie jej zawartości w mułach węglowych na poziomie od 0,0568 do 0,0787 mg/kg, średnio przyjmując wartość 0,0649 mg/kg (średnia wilgotność próbek 4,3%). Natomiast analiza zawartości całkowitej rtęci we wszystkich frakcjach wydzielonych z pobranych 13 prób kruszyw wykazała wysokie zróżnicowanie zawartości tego pierwiastka, przy czym zaobserwowano zdecydowaną tendencję zmniejszania zawartości rtęci wraz ze wzrostem wielkości ziaren. [...]

8

The influence of weight and length on the mercury content in the muscle tissue of fish from four lakes in the Olsztyn Lake District (Poland)

58%

Luczynska J.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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2005

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

The total mercury content was determined in the muscle of northern pike, perch, and roach caught in four lakes (Łańskie, Pluszne, Dłużek, Maróz) in the Olsztyn Lake District (northeastern Poland) from October 1999 to October 2000. The total mercury was analyzed with flameless cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS). The total mercury content in the muscle of pike ranged from 0.076 mg kg⁻¹ (Łańskie) to 0.902 mg kg⁻¹ (Pluszne), in perch from 0.104 mg kg⁻¹ (Pluszne) to 1.277 mg kg⁻¹ (Dłużek), and in roach from 0.074 mg kg⁻¹ (Maróz) to 0.278 mg kg⁻¹ (Maróz). In most cases, the strongest positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the Hg concentration in the muscle tissue of the fish and total body weight (0.825 < r < 0.967) or total body length (0.781 < r < 0.950). The exception was the roach from Lake Maróz, where the correlation coefficients between mercury content in the muscle of these fish and their body weight and total length were r = 0.794 and r = 0.788, respectively (p < 0.01). Similarly, with pike from Lake Maróz it was found that the correlation coefficient between the mercury concentration in the muscle of these fish and their total length was r = 0.781 (p < 0.01).

PL

Zawartość rtęci całkowitej oznaczono w tkance mięśniowej trzech gatunków ryb: szczupaka, Esox lucius (L.), okonia, Perea fluviatilis L. i płoci, Rutilus rutilus (L.) poławianych od października 1999 roku do października 2000 roku. Przebadano łącznie 423 ryby pochodzące z czterech jezior Pojezierza Olsztyńskiego (Łańskie, Pluszne, Dłużek i Maróz). Stężenie rtęci całkowitej (tab. 1) w tkance mięśniowej szczupaków wahało się w granicach od 0,076 mg kg⁻¹ mokrej masy (m. m.) (Łańskie) do 0,902 mg kg⁻¹ m. m. (Dłużek), okoni od 0,104 mg kg⁻¹ m. m. (Pluszne) do 1,277 mg kg⁻¹ m. m. (Dłużek) oraz płoci od 0,074 mg kg⁻¹ m. m. (Maróz) do 0,278 mg kg⁻¹ m. m. (Maróz). W większości przypadków stwierdzono wysoce dodatni współczynnik korelacji liniowej (p < 0,001) między koncentracją rtęci całkowitej a masą ciała (0,825 < r < 0,967) i długością całkowitą ryb (0,781 < r < 0,950) (rys. 2-4). Wyjątek stanowiły płocie z jeziora Maróz, bowiem w przypadku tych ryb współczynnik korelacji między zawartością rtęci a masą i długością ciała wynosił odpowiednio: r = 0,794 przy p < 0,01 (rys. 4b), r = 0,788 przy p < 0,01 (rys. 4d). Podobnie w przypadku szczupaków z jeziora Maróz wykazano, że współczynnik korelacji między długością ciała a poziomem rtęci w tkance mięśniowej ryb wynosił r = 0,781 przy p < 0,01 (rys. 2d).

9

Rtęć w żywności - planowane zmiany legislacyjne

58%

Mania M. , Rebeniak M. , Szynal T. , Wojciechowska-Mazurek M.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2016

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tom T. 70, nr 12

17--19

PL

W artykule przedstawiono aktualne prace Komisji Europejskiej dotyczące zanieczyszczenia żywności rtęcią oraz planowaną w związku z tym zmianę i ujednolicenie ustawodawstwa. Omówiono również ostatnie opinie Europejskiego Urzędu ds. Bezpieczeństwa Żywności na temat korzyści i ryzyka związanego ze spożyciem ryb oraz prace ekspertów FAO/WHO, które przyczyniły się do podjęcia działań z tego zakresu. Przedstawiono również powiadomienia z okresu 2013-2015 w ramach systemu RASFF dotyczące rtęci w żywności.

EN

The paper presents the current work of the European Commission in scope of food contamination with mercury and planned in connection with this change and harmonization of legislation. The recent opinions of the European Food Safety Authority in terms of benefits and risks of fish consumption as well as the work of FAO/WHO which contributed to take action in this area were also discussed. Notifications to RASFF concerning the contamination of foodstuffs with mercury from the period 2013-2015 have been presented as well.

10

Analityczne aspekty oznaczania rtęci całkowitej oraz form fizyczno - chemicznych rtęci w próbkach środowiskowych. Część I. Pobieranie, przechowywanie, zatężanie oraz oznaczanie rtęci całkowitej

58%

Boszke L. , Kowalski A. , Głosińska G. , Siepak J.

Ekologia i Technika

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2002

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tom R. 10, nr 4

106-112

EN

During last years, many review papers concerning speciation analytics of mercury in the environmental samples were published, however, continuous development of analytical techniques, mainly coupled (combined) ones, brings about the necessity to present actual trends in speciation analysis of mercury. Moreover, analytical procedure involves not only the detection system but also many steps beginning from sampling. Therefore, the objective of the publication has been to present actual methods applied in preparation of samples, storage, preconcentration and analysis of samples, both in the aspect of total mercury assessment and its physico-chemical forms. This review describes various analytical methods for the total mercury determination in environmental samples. The analytical techniques such as INAA, ICP-MS, ICP-AES, CV-AAS, CV-AFS are critically reviewed. Also, the available detection limits are given for these techniques. Moreover, different methods for preservation of the mercury forms during storage and preparation of the samples, as well as various analytical methods of mercury preconcentration before analysis are presented.

11

Zanieczyszczenie rtęcią środków spożywczych. Opinie EFSA i JECFA

58%

Wojciechowska-Mazurek M. , Mania M. , Starska K. , Rebeniak M. , Szynal T. , Pawlicka M. , Postupolski J.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2013

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tom T. 67, nr 11

5--8

PL

W artykule podano informacje dotyczące toksyczności, metabolizmu oraz przemian rtęci w środowisku, a także źródeł narażenia na rtęć i jej organicznych połączeń. Omówiono dane pochodzące z monitoringu w Polsce i w innych krajach, obrazujące zanieczyszczenie środków spożywczych rtęcią. Oszacowano zagrożenie dla zdrowia spowodowane zanieczyszczeniem żywności rtęcią w świetle ostatnich opinii: Europejskiego Urzędu ds. Bezpieczeństwa Żywności (EFSA) z 2012 r. oraz Połączonego Komitetu Ekspertów FAO/WHO ds. Substancji Dodatkowych (JECFA) z 2010 r. Przedstawiono zalecenia dla konsumentów opracowane przez Komisję Europejską i państwa członkowskie w odniesieniu do spożycia ryb drapieżnych, uwzględniające najbardziej wrażliwe grupy populacji - kobiety planujące ciążę, ciężarne, karmiące matki oraz dzieci. W artykule przedstawiono również powiadomienia z lat 2010-2012 w ramach systemu RASFF dotyczące rtęci w żywności.

EN

This paper contains information concerning toxicity, metabolism and transformation of mercury in the environment as well as source of human exposure to mercury and its organic compounds. The article presents the data from national monitoring studies and the data from other European Union countries concerning presently reported mercury contamination of foodstuffs. Health hazard caused by food contamination with mercury in the light of the recent opinions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) from January 2012 and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) from 2010 was discussed. Consumer advice elaborated by the European Commission and the Member States as regards consumption of predatory fishes, taking into account the most vulnerable groups of population e.g. women planning pregnancy, pregnant or breastfeeding women and children were presented. Notifications to RASFF concerning the contamination of foodstuffs with mercury from the period 2010-2012 have been presented, as well.

12

Assessment of mercury in muscles, liver and gills of marine and freshwater fish

58%

Luczynska J. , Luczynski M. J. , Paszczyk B.

Journal of Elementology

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2016

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tom 21

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nr 1

EN

In this study, the total mercury concentration was determined in the muscles, liver and gills of six fish species (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb., carp Cyprinus carpio L., bream Abramis brama L., perch Perca fluviatilis L., ide Leuciscus idus L. and flounder Platichthys flesus L.). The fish were acquired from October to November 2012. Mercury was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry using thermal decomposition, compounds of mercury and amalgamation. The mercury content in fish organs reached 0.006-0.168 (in mg kgˉ¹ wet weight) in muscles, 0.001-0.027 in gills and 0.003-0.045 in the liver. The muscles of perch and ide had significantly more Hg compared to the other fish’s muscles (P≤0.05). The liver and gills of perch, ide and flounder contained more Hg than the same tissues of the other fish (P≤0.05). Generally, the highest Hg content was determined in muscles (except rainbow trout) (P≤0.05), whereas the lowest Hg content was found in gills (except perch) (P≤0.05). The content of Hg in gills of perch did not differ from the one in the liver (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the weight or length of a fish and the Hg concentration in its tissues, except for the length and Hg in the gills of carp. However, a statistically significant positive correlation between the body weight and the Hg levels in fish appeared only in the case of the organs of ide (P≤0.004) and muscles of carp (P≤0.038). The correlation between the factor condition and the content of Hg, albeit positive (0.106 < r < 0.811) except for the organs of flounder, was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

13

Badania metodyczne oznaczania całkowitej zawartości rtęci w glebach i materiale roślinnym

58%

Malczyk P. , Dabkowska-Naskret H.

Acta Agrophysica

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2001

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tom 56

14

Comparison of two different analytical procedures for determination of total mercury in wet deposition samples

58%

Nowak B. , Grzegorczyk M. , Czaplicka M. , Zielonka U.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2013

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tom Vol. 39, nr 1

75--85

EN

Comparison studies have been performed on determination of total mercury in wet deposition by two analytical methods. The studies were carried out in the period of March to November 2009 at the sampling point located near intensive traffic in Southern Poland (Zabrze). The difference between these two methods consisted in preparation of samples for analysis and in the type of measuring device. In both cases, the method of cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) after reduction of SnCl2 was used by means of a mercury analyzer model MA-2 produced by Nippon Instruments Corp. or of a mercury analyzer RA-915+ produced by LUMEX. Good agreement of the results have been obtained (relative error of the determination between the methods varied from 18% to 40%). Both analytical methods can be considered equivalent and used as a reference to each other. Quantity assessment of mercury wet deposition in southern Poland is lower than in 90 s, but still much higher in comparison with other countries in Europe and worldwide (ca. 30 μg·m -2·year -1.

15

Total mercury in floodplain soils of the Warta River, Poland

58%

Boszke L. , Kowalski A.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

517-523

EN

The aim of this study was to determine spatial distribution of mercury in floodplain soils of the middle Warta river with special regard to the polluting influence of the city of Poznań (capital of the Wielkopolska District) and high water levels and floods. Total mercury concentration was determined in samples collected from eleven sampling sites located above, below and in the area of Poznań agglomeration. From each site three soil samples were collected at distances of 1, 10 and 50 meters from riverside. The method used for the determinations was cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS). The results of the study have shown that mercury distribution in the samples of floodplain soil of Warta river was relatively uniform. However, higher mercury concentrations were found in the floodplain soils collected below of Poznań (median 300 ng g-1, range 75-884), lower in soil samples above of Poznań (228 ng g-1, range 54-754) and from the city area (183 ng g-1, range 72-303).

16

Badania nad bioakumulacja rteci w wytworach skory u czlowieka i zwierzat w terenach zurbanizowanych

36%

Dobrzanski Z. , Bolanowski J. , Pokorny P. , Patkowska-Sokola B. , Zawadzki W.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Medicina Veterinaria

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2007

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tom 06

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nr 3

3-9