Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Temperamental basis of a balanced temporal perspective: a mediating role of temporal metacognition

100%

Stolarski M. , Krężołek K. , Witowska J.

|

tom 54(12)

13-28

EN

Scientific studies carried out in the field of temporal psychology present a growing number of data suggesting an important role of a balanced temporal perspective in social and emotional adaptation of an individual. The current study attempted to empirically replicate a result suggesting a key role of temperament’s characteristics in the development of temporal balance. The novel character of erformed analysis took into account a new differentiating construct – dimensions of temporal metacognition. The study employed 115 participants. They filled in the personality quetsionnaire FCZ-KT, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, which measures individual differences in temporal percpectives and a temporal metacognition scale (TMCS). The analysis point to a significant role of temperament’s traits – emotional reactivity and liveliness – in the shaping of temporal balance. Moreover, it was shown that the relationship between temperament and balanced temporal perspective are mediated fully by the dimensions of temporal metacognition – metacognitive temporal control and goaloriented temporal continuity. Importantly, the first of these dimensions turned out to be conditioned by the temperament to a far larger degree than the second one (42% vs. 4% of the mediated variability). The result allows a conclusion of a various basis of the two aspects of metacognition: temperamental – in the case of control, and non-temperamental (cognitive or experiencebased) – in the case of continuity. Temporal metacognition can, therefore, be a mechanism responsible for relationships between temperament and balanced temporal perspective described in the field literature.

2

Time in the Context of Deafness

100%

Kossewska J.

|

tom 6

142-156

EN

Hearing impairment is the factor influencing individual experience and development. However, as it influences the identity development, it might also impact the temporal processes. The article analyses the three levels of psychological time in the context of contemporary research. The results are discussed in the frame of particularly crucial factors such as communication, language and culture. Temporal perspective is described in the context of world representation understood as a system of knowledge comprising an individual’s beliefs. This system, which plays a regulative role in making choices, building attitudes towards the real world and solving problems, develops as the individual gains experience. However, hearing-impaired adolescents concentrate on the present events more than their hearing peers.

3

Temporal perspective and the transmission of life experience in senility

75%

Dryll E. , Tokarska U. , Cierpka A.

|

nr Special issue

19-39

EN

The article presents the relationship between temporal perspective and wisdom transmission of the people in late adulthood to the younger generation. The participants were asked to write a short “Letter to a grandchild”. The letters written by 119 participants aged over 60 years old were analyzed qualititavely in terms of content and form, using categories from previous studies (Dryll, Tokarska, Cierpka, 2016). In order to assess temporal perspective the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) by Philip G. Zimbardo and John Boyd was used (adaptation by Aneta Przepiórka, Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska and Tomasz Jankowski, 2016). A number of dependencies between transmission characteristics and temporal perspective scales was observed. The results follow a characteristic pattern where instead of the focus on timing (past, present, and future), an attitude (positive or negative) seems to be more important. The results do not support the concept of a balanced temporal perspective, which can be explained by cultural differences as well as developmental characteristics of the participants.

4

Temporal perspective and mental functioning of socially maladjusted youth held in conditions of institutional isolation

51%

Dąbrowska A. , Marek-Banach J. , Zimbardo P.

|

nr 605(10)

53-71

PL

Wstęp: celem prezentowanych badań było ustalenie, czy perspektywa temporalna nieprzystosowanych społecznie adolescentów przebywających wbrew swojej woli w warunkach izolacji instytucjonalnej wiąże się z ich funkcjonowaniem psychicznym. Metoda: badania przeprowadzono w grupie 311 osób (38 dziewczynek, 273 chłopców) w wieku 13-18 lat przebywających w młodzieżowym ośrodku wychowawczym wskutek decyzji sądu rodzinnego za pomocą standaryzowanych testów psychologicznych umożliwiających pomiar badanych zmiennych. Wyniki: po dokonaniu charakterystyki psychologicznej wyodrębnionych na podstawie analizy skupień trzech grup adolescentów zróżnicowanych pod względem perspektywy temporalnej dowiedziono, że perspektywa temporalna adolescentów przebywających w warunkach izolacji instytucjonalnej ma duże znaczenie dla ich funkcjonowania psychicznego. Adolescenci, którzy uzyskali znacząco niższe wyniki we wszystkich wymiarach perspektywy temporalnej, wydają się charakteryzować niższym poziomem natężenia odczuwanej samotności, depresji i stresu. Ci zaś, których charakteryzuje perspektywa teraźniejsza hedonistyczna oraz przeszła negatywna, czują się bardziej samotni, doświadczają większego stresu i cierpią z powodu depresji. Najbardziej zrównoważeni pod względem mierzonych zmiennych psychologicznych wydają się ci nastolatkowie, którzy koncentrują się na pozytywnej przeszłości i przyszłości, co może potwierdzać znaczenie zrównoważonej perspektywy czasowej dla dobrej jakości życia. Wnioski: najsilniejszy efekt stwierdzono w odniesieniu do samotności rówieśniczej i rodzinnej, co wskazuje na znaczenie tych dwóch grup społecznych dla prawidłowego rozwoju psychospołecznego badanych nastolatków, a także sprzyja refleksji nad zasadnością dotychczas stosowanych rozwiązań instytucjonalnych wobec młodzieży niedostosowanej społecznie i poszukiwaniem nowych, skutecznych sposobów oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych.

EN

Introduction: The aim of the research presented was to determine whether the temporal perspective of socially maladjusted adolescents, held against their will in conditions of institutional isolation, can be linked to the level of their mental functioning. Method: The researchers applied standardized psychological tests in a survey of a group of 311 adolescents (38 females, 273 males), aged 13–18, who were held in a youth education center (YEC) following family court rulings. Results: After a psychological characterization of three groups of adolescents with different temporal perspectives, distinguished on the basis of cluster analysis, it was proven that the temporal perspective of adolescents held in institutional isolation is crucial to the quality of their mental functioning. The participants who scored significantly lower in all dimensions of temporal perspective seemed to be experiencing lower-intensity loneliness, depression and stress. Those, on the other hand, whose perspective was of the present-hedonistic or past-negative types felt lonelier, lived under more stress and suffered from more severe forms of depression. The teenagers whose temporal perspective was past-positive and future-oriented turned out to be most balanced in terms of the investigated psychological variables, which may confirm the importance of a balanced temporal perspective for good quality of life. Conclusions: The strongest effect was found in relation to peer and family loneliness, which indicates the importance of family and peers in the teenagers’ psychosocial development. These findings promote further reflection on the legitimacy of institutional measures used in the rehabilitation of socially maladjusted youth to date, and the search for new, effective kinds of social rehabilitation intervention.