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1

Sobre algunos nexos subordinantes en espanol y en polaco: tipos de estructuras que enlazan y diferenciaciones entre el registro escrito y el hablado

100%

Kucała D.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2012

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tom 11

83-95

EN

The aim of this paper is to compare a few selected connectors which introduce different types of subordinate clauses in Spanish (conjunction – que, pronoun – que and adverb – donde) and their equivalents in Polish. We also looked at a few examples of the compound sentences in Polish and tried to indicate the Spanish equivalents of the conjunctions which were used in these sentences (such as że, który, gdzie). We tried to observe the differences in the number of the exponents of these relations of subordination and their functions in two languages in question and the influence of the verb (its modal and temporal characteristics) on the use of these conjunctions. In the final part we mentioned some tendencies in creating subordinate clauses with these conjunctions, pronouns and adverbs in the spoken language.

2

Vedlejší věty příslovečné časové z hlediska kvantitativního

86%

Štěpán J.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2008

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tom 91

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nr 5

235-254

EN

This article contributes to the functional-semantic analysis of complex sentences based on connectives. Its initial section describes the corpus of contemporary Czech narrative prose utilized and the method of its quantitative processing. It then classifies temporal adverbial subordinate clauses, delimited in particular against the background of relative subordinate clauses with the connectives kdy and když, and non-adverbial clauses with temporal conjunctions into syntactic-semantic types according to connectives and other grammatical and lexical units. It also comments on the frequency of these types.

3

Vedlejší věty vyjadřující nerealizované okolnosti se spojovacími výrazy bez toho, aby a bez toho, že

58%

Štěpán J.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2009

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tom 92

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nr 4

184-195

EN

Using the preposition bez ‘without’, these clauses explicitly express action whose non-realisation is significant for the mode of (un)realisation of the action of the main clause, cf. Dívku pozdravil bez toho, aby se jí dotkl. (He greeted the girl without touching her.) The author deals with the attitudes of Czech linguists toward these new competitors of the preposition aniž, the frequency of the sentences with the connectives bez toho, aby/že in contemporary Czech. The article also characterises the position of these subordinate clauses in the system of the Czech language from the point of view of their relationship to standard Czech.

4

Apoziční vedlejší věty

58%

Štěpán J.

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nr 2

81-93

EN

In the frame of the formal-semantic level description of language system, appositonal subordinate clause is defined as a subordinate clause incorporated into the matrix-clause by the semantic-syntactic relationship of apposition. Appositional subordinate clause specifies the anticipatory expression in the matrix-clause and its reference is identical with this expression (the same denotatum is expressed twice). The appositional clause has the same sentence validity and the anticipatory expression, however, it belongs to a different level than the determinative subordinate clause. Appositional clauses are classified according to the connective introducing this clause (autosemantic, synsemantic). In case of autosemantic connective (pronoun or adverb) according to the denotatum common to the anticipatory expression and the connective (person, thing, place, time, manner).

5

The verse of Gen 1, 1: a subordinate or principal clause? A Contribution to the Discussion on the Syntax of the First Sentence of the Hebrew Bible

58%

Dzikiewicz D.

Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej

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2017

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tom 16

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nr 3

EN

This article is devoted to the syntax issue of Gen 1, 1, which is one of the most discussed Old Testament passages. The biblists’ views on it are still divided. According to some, this is an independent statement (status absolutus), while others maintain that this passus is a subordinate sequence (status constructus) to the text of Gen 1, 2-3. They justify their opinions with a variety of arguments: philological-linguistic, exegetical, literary, theological etc. But these are not the justifications that will decide the case. Therefore the present article proposes another argument – contextual. Nevertheless the context is an indispensable element of understanding each literary unit. In this case however it is not about the literary context, but about the historical one, because the causal factor of writing the text Gen 1, 1 – 2, 4a throws some light on the syntactical problem of verse Gen 1, 1.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł został poświęcony zagadnieniu syntaksy wersetu Rdz 1, 1, należącego do najbardziej dyskutowanych ustępów Starego Testamentu. Opinie biblistów na jego temat są nadal podzielone. Zdaniem jednych jest to zdanie niezależne (status absolutus), drudzy natomiast utrzymują, że dany passus stanowi sekwencję podporządkowaną (status constructus) fragmentowi Rdz 1, 2-3. Na uzasadnienie swego stanowiska tak jedni, jak i drudzy przytaczają różnorodne argumenty: filologiczno-lingwistyczne, egzegetyczne, literackie, teologiczne. Nie są to jednak uzasadnienia przesądzające sprawę. Dlatego obecne opracowanie proponuje kolejną rację – kontekstualną. Kontekst jest bowiem nieodzownym elementem zrozumienia każdej jednostki literackiej. Tym razem nie chodzi wszak o kontekst literacki, lecz o ten historyczny, albowiem – czynnik sprawczy powstania całej perykopy Rdz 1, 1 – 2, 4a rzuca on również pewne światło na zagadnienie syntaksy wersetu Rdz 1, 1.

6

Nepravé věty vedlejší doložené v souvětí s řetězcovou závislostí vedlejších vět a jejich transformace

58%

Štěpán J.

Bohemistyka

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2024

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tom 24

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nr 1

15-30

EN

The paper deals with transformations of complex sentences with chain dependence of subordinate clauses containing false subordinate clauses, cf. Předpokládají, že večer budu doma, zatímco všichni ostatní se jdou bavit. [They suppose I am staying at home tonight, while everybody is going out.] (SYN) ® Předpokládají, že večer budu doma, ale že všichni ostatní se jdou bavit. [They suppose that I am staying at home tonight, but that everybody is going out.] False subordinate clause with a hypotactic conjunction zatímco 'while' is changed to a paratactic subordinate clause. The paper interprets different conceptions of false subordinate clauses in Czech syntax (1), false subordinate clauses in formal-semantic level description of complex sentences (2), and two types of compound complex sentences (3). The core of the article is formed by a hierarchical classification of instances of complex sentences with chain dependence of subordinate clauses including a false dependent clause arranged according to several criteria (especially from the word order point of view), transformed to paratactic patterns (4).

CS

Článek se zabývá transformacemi souvětí s řetězcovou závislostí vedlejších vět, která obsahují nepravé věty vedlejší, srov. Předpokládají, že večer budu doma, zatímco všichni ostatní se jdou bavit. (SYN) ® Předpokládají, že večer budu doma, ale že všichni ostatní se jdou bavit. Nepravá vedlejší věta s podřadicí spojkou zatímco se mění na souřadnou vedlejší větu. V článku se vykládá rozdílné pojetí nepravých vedlejších vět v české syntaxi (1), nepravé věty vedlejší ve formálně-sémantickém rovinném popisu souvětí (2) a dva typy složitého souvětí (3). Jádrem článku je hierarchická klasifikace dokladů souvětí s řetězcovou závislostí vedlejších vět uspořádaných z různých hledisek (především z hlediska větosledného), jež obsahují nepravou větu vedlejší, a u nichž je provedena transformace na souřadná spojení vět (4).

7

K otázce souvětných členů (klauzí)

58%

Štěpán J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2012

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tom 73

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nr 2

83-102

EN

The concept of the complex sentence element (clause) is anchored in the formalsemantic level description. This description follows up on the classical approach, from form to meaning, but is based on K. Svoboda’s original concept of the complex sentence, among others. The concept of the complex sentence element on the level of complex sentence elements corresponds to the concept of the verbal clause as a complex unit on the lower sentence-element level. Like in phonology, certain traits, namely those of the complex sentence elements, are delimited as binary oppositions: subordinating – coordinating connective, incorporation by determination or apposition – disincorporation by coordination or parenthesis, commenting – lack of commenting. The focus of the article lies in the classification of complex sentence elements into nine types based on the combinations of the traits mentioned above. In one center of the system of these elements, there is a traditional subordinate clause, the subordinate clause with restricted determination, semi-subordinate clause, and false subordinate clause stand further from it. The second center is formed by the traditional main clause, to which the main clause with restricted coordination and the main clause with determination are attached. The periphery of the system is formed by the appositional subordinate and appositional coordinate clause.

8

Takzvané "vztažné věty nepřívlastkové": současné náory na jejich status

44%

Daneš F.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2009

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tom 92

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nr 4

169-183

EN

The units of this category of non-restrictive (non-defining) clauses do not express a quality of the denotatum of the head noun, but they provide a continuation of the semantic content of the head clause (continuative clauses), present an explanation of it or further information about it, or simply comment on it (explicative clauses). Puristically oriented linguists reject these units as “incorrect”, “false”, whereas other scholars accept them without reservations, some with certain stylistic limitations. The present author points to the stylistic relevance, necessity and utility of this special category of relative clauses and to the fact that they are currently used in various written genres. Such clauses are freely used in a number of European languages and the author does not find any reasonable argument why they should not be considered and accepted as a fully standard, correct means of expression in Czech as well.